复杂电子系统的TEAMS测试性研究

系统测试性是准确地判定产品工作状态并隔离其内部故障的一种设计特性,多信号模型是利用分层有向图表示系统属性的因果关系,对系统故障传播特性建立的模型.采用多信号模型描述复杂电子装备的因果依赖关系,在故障空间使用TEAMS建模并进行测试性评估,可高效灵活地构建复杂电子装备的故障诊断模型,提高电子系统测试的故障隔离率和覆盖率.多信号模型建模方法简单,诊断速度快,能够改进系统的测试性,可应用于复杂系统的测试性设计、故障模式影响与危害度分析、TPS开发、故障诊断和测试性评估等,适应现代复杂电子系统的故障诊断需求.     

基于多信号模型的火控系统测试性分析与仿真验证

近年来,产品的测试性在国内已逐步得到人们的重视;在航空航天领域,具有较强机内测试能力、测试性水平高的产品由于任务可靠性高和安全性能好,受到了广泛的欢迎;测试性的仿真验证在武器装备的测试性模型上进行,能够避免实装试验的一些缺点,是实现武器系统测试性详细设计、指标验证,武器系统测试性效能综合评价的新技术;通过采用基于多信号模型的系统测试性分析与仿真验证方法,对某型主战坦克火控系统的测试性分析与测试性水平进行了评估,作为在陆军装甲装备中开展测试性工作的探讨,以期为新研武器装备测试性水平和故障诊断能力的提高起到一定的参考作用。     

基于多信号属性表建模提高测试性设计方法

多信号流模型是目前系统测试性设计中常用的模型.日益复杂的电子系统,不仅要求建模人员对系统设计有全面的了解,还要有能力基于多信号流模型进行测试诊断分析.从目前现状来看,装备测试性设计与装备维护分工进行,而且测试数据描述缺乏统一的规范,难以有效地汇总或共享使用.通过对多信号流模型的测试性建模进行研究,提出了基于建立属性表格进行测试性建模的方法,运用属性表格对测试属性数据规范化,从而有效利用多信号流模型来提高电子设计的测试性,并以某短波电台系统为例,对该方法进行验证.     

模糊灰色关联分析在BIT测试性能评价中的应用

机内测试(BIT)作为一种能显著提高系统测试性和诊断能力的重要技术,已大量应用于雷达装备中;为了测试性验证试验之前获得基本上判定BIT测试性能力,提出了一种基于模糊灰色关联分析的测试能力评估方法;首先确定了用于评估BIT测试能力的指标,该指标有效地将机内测试的测试覆盖率、故障覆盖、结构覆盖等多个特性指标综合考虑;利用模糊层次分析法确定各个指标的权重,然后通过灰色关联分析建立了BIT方案集与测试诊断能力间的距离模型,通过该距离模型来评估BIT测试能力;应用表明,该方法可以有效指导测试性设计及在装备的测试性试验前对装备的BIT设计进行评价.     

一种基于多信号模型的测试性分析系统

针对装备测试性设计分析与评估的急需,运用多信号模型,开发一种复杂电子装备测试性分析系统;该系统能够用于装备研制早期阶段的测试性指标论证,装备研制过程中的测试性设计方案分析与评估,能够指导装备研制人员优化装备测试性设计,对提高装备测试性设计能力具有重要意义;该系统已经在多种型号装备的测试性设计中得到应用,优化分析效果明显。     

一种电传飞控系统测试性架构设计与评估技术研究

针对分布式电传飞控系统进行自上而下的测试性需求分解,突破了系统测试性设计完整可追溯性难题,结合系统分布式架构,充分发挥主飞控计算机作为控制调度核心和作动器控制器等部件作为智能节点的作用,创造性地为国内某型运输机电传飞控系统提出一种集中/分散结合的测试性架构,实现了系统由控制核心部件向外分层逐级激励的机内自检测方法,可有效提高故障检测效率、缩短检测时间;针对分布式电传飞控系统采用图形化方式建立基于多信号流的故障传递模型,形象地描述产品的测试性设计,建立体系性的建模方法、原则和流程,突破以往测试性建模使用不规范、模型可信度不高的难题,根据评估结果迭代方案设计,从而使测试性设计满足测试性要求。     

基于STD的测试信号描述研究

面向信号的测试技术可以增强自动测试系统的测试程序集的可移植性和测试仪器可互换性;针对面向信号的自动测试系统开发模型,通过参照STD标准建立的信号模型,结合某型装备的系统级测试诊断特点,分析总结出装备系统测试的重点信号;在此基础上,采用STD标准的信号模型描述典型信号,并建立面向信号的TPS开发模型;解决了测试信号通用性差的缺点,达到了TPS可移植的要求,实现了装备测试信号的标准化规范;同时为测试诊断系统的通用化、标准化打下基础。     

DPSO算法在故障诊断测试集优化中的应用

针对复杂系统的实时故障诊断问题,引入一种多目标离散粒子群优化(DPSO)算法对测试集进行优化,以实现有效的故障监测与隔离.在建立系统相关性模型的基础上,针对系统实时监视和实时诊断中故障检测数、故障隔离数、测试个数和测试成本等指标,分别设计了优化故障检测测试集和故障诊断测试集的多目标适应度函数.应用实例表明,该算法能快速地对测试集进行优化,提高实时诊断的效率,并可作为改进系统测试性设计中的一种测试综合评估方法.     

基于多信号流模型的雷达BIT测试能力分析

多信号模型是一种简单而有效的系统建模表示方法,提出基于多信号流模型的雷达BIT进行验证方法。介绍多信号流模型的定义和表示,分析运用该模型对雷达模块（电路）的建模、相关矩阵简化、对其测试性功能实现原理进行了解析,并以某型雷达截获控制电路为例进行验证。结果表明,多信号模型能给出一个全面的测试性评定结论,对系统测试性分析具有价值。     

基于多信号模型的故障诊断策略设计

对基于多型号模型的故障诊断策略设计进行了深入研究，介绍了多信号模型的定义和表示，提出了在单故障假设及不考虑组成单元可靠性、测试时间和测试费用影响下的故障检测用测试和故障隔离用测试优选算法以及故障诊断策略制定方法，并结合示例说明了诊断策略的设计过程；文中所提出的诊断策略设计方法能够以尽可能少的测试完成故障检测和隔离，按此方法设计的诊断策略具有自适应特性，适用于各类系统和设备的测试性分析与设计和故障诊断。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。