Ru对第四代镍基单晶高温合金DD22长期时效组织演化的影响EI北大核心CSCD

利用透射电镜和场发射扫描电镜研究了两种不同Ru含量(3%和5%,质量分数)的第四代镍基单晶高温合金DD22在1130℃长期时效过程中γ′相形貌演化、TCP相析出和界面位错网的演化情况。研究结果表明:在完全热处理后5Ru合金比3Ru合金的γ′相尺寸更小,形状更规则,γ/γ′相界面的错配度更大,高Ru含量使合金Re,Mo等元素出现反分配现象;5Ru合金在1130℃长期时效过程中γ′相粗化速率、溶解速率和形筏速率均低于3Ru合金;5Ru合金在长期时效1000 h后仍没有TCP相析出,而3Ru合金在时效50 h后便析出TCP相,随着长期时效时间延长,TCP相数量增多,尺寸增大;与3Ru合金相比,长期时效1000 h后5Ru合金γ′/γ界面位错网更加致密和规则;综上所述,Ru的元素反分配作用和低的扩散系数使5Ru合金比3Ru合金表现出更高的组织稳定性。     

钛含量对一种镍基单晶高温合金长期时效后的组织影响

研究了不同Ti含量对一种镍基单晶高温合金的铸态组织以及在1000℃长期时效后的组织演化.结果表明:随着Ti含量的增加,铸态组织中枝晶间区域面积以及枝晶间区域的γ/γ'共晶含量逐渐增加;长期时效后随着Ti含量的增加,筏形化程度越来越严重,逐渐有TCP相析出.     

长期时效对DD6单晶高温合金组织和力学性能的影响

采用螺旋选晶法制备DD6合金单晶试棒,标准热处理后在980℃长期时效2000 h,研究980℃长期时效对DD6单晶高温合金的组织演化及力学性能的影响.结果表明:随着长期时效时间的延长,合金中γ'相的尺寸增大,2000 h后γ'相尺寸约为1μm,没有TCP相析出,合金具有较好的组织稳定性.2000 h长期时效试样在980℃/243 MPa下持久寿命为180.16 h,为热处理态的56.3％;在1070℃/130 MPa下持久寿命为144.42 h,为热处理态的35.31％,断裂模式均为微孔聚集型断裂;相比热处理态的合金,2000 h长期时效态试样760℃的抗拉强度和屈服强度分别降低5.55％和5.88％;980℃的抗拉强度和屈服强度分别下降11％和10.59％.     

单晶镍基合金的热处理及对蠕变性能的影响

根据差热曲线分析制定出合金的热处理工艺,结合蠕变性能测试及组织形貌观察,研究了固溶温度对一种含Re单晶镍基合金蠕变性能的影响.结果表明:铸态合金组织中存在明显的成分偏析,其中元素Cr,Co,Re富集于枝晶干,元素Al,Ta,W等富集于枝晶间.采用不同温度固溶处理,合金具有不同的蠕变寿命.当固溶温度提高到1320℃时,可使合金成分的均匀化程度提高,难溶元素得到充分扩散,降低合金的枝晶干/间成分偏析,并抑制合金中TCP相的析出,可显著提高合金的蠕变抗力.与1300℃固溶处理相比较,合金经1320℃高温固溶处理后,其在1072℃,137MPa条件下的蠕变寿命由37h提高到230h.     

Re对一种新型镍基高温合金组织稳定性的影响

为了解Re对一种新型镍基高温合金组织稳定性的影响,采用扫描电镜观察了合金经长期时效后的样品微观组织,并利用透射电镜分析长期时效后析出的新相.实验结果表明,质量分数为1%～4%Re的合金经热处理后,组织由γ相、γ’相和碳化物MC、M23C6组成,当Re含量达到4%时,晶内析出了针状的M23C6.经长期时效后,随Re含量增加,合金中γ'相长大速率下降,合金的组织稳定性恶化,900℃超过1 000 h时效的含4%Re合金中出现针状σ相.因此,所研究合金中Re的含量应低于4%.     

Ru对镍基单晶高温合金凝固特性、TCP相析出及蠕变性能影响的研究进展EI北大核心CSCD

镍基单晶高温合金因优异的高温力学性能而被广泛应用于航空发动机和地面燃气轮机的涡轮叶片等关键热端部件。Ru元素作为第四代、第五代镍基单晶高温合金的主要特征元素,其添加对合金从凝固特性到最终的服役性能都起到关键的影响。本文从镍基单晶高温合金的凝固特性、凝固组织、TCP相析出及蠕变性能等方面出发,综述了Ru元素对镍基单晶高温合金影响的研究进展,系统分析了Ru的添加对合金凝固路径、凝固特征温度、微观偏析等凝固特性及共晶、碳化物等凝固组织的影响规律,并重点探究了Ru的添加能抑制TCP相析出及提高合金蠕变性能的原因。目前由于多组元交互作用对组织与性能影响机理的复杂性,使得含Ru高温合金的成分设计与优化具有更高的挑战,建议未来含Ru高温合金的相关研究从富Ru新相的析出原因及抑制、Ru添加对凝固缺陷的影响及Ru与其他元素交互作用对“逆分配”效应及TCP相析出的影响机制等方面做进一步探究,为发展新型高性能含Ru高温合金的设计提供思路。     

浇注温度对DD6单晶高温合金凝固组织的影响

研究了浇注温度对第二代单晶高温合金DD6凝固组织的影响.结果表明,随着浇注温度的降低,DD6合金的一次枝晶间距稍有增加,枝晶干与枝晶间γ′相尺寸略有增大,γ-γ′共晶相尺寸增加,共晶含量略有减少,合金中主要元素偏析明显减轻.     

定向凝固过程中温度参数对含Re镍基单晶高温合金铸态组织的影响

研究了一种含Re为4.0%～5.5%(质量分数)的实验型镍基单晶高温合金在不同定向凝固结晶条件下铸态的宏微观组织特征,分析了凝固结晶温度参数对单晶完整性、显微疏松与共晶含量、枝晶偏析等的影响。结果表明:高的熔体过热处理温度不仅促进合金元素分布的均匀化,同时降低了高Re和高难熔元素含量的单晶合金结晶缺陷的倾向性,提高了单晶完整性。合金熔体过热温度、铸型温度/浇注温度的适度提高有利于枝晶间的补缩,并减少显微疏松。     

抽拉速率对DD6单晶高温合金组织的影响

采用不同的抽拉工艺制备DD6单晶合金,分析了DD6单晶合金的显微组织,研究了不同抽拉工艺对DD6合金组织的影响.结果表明,随着抽拉速率的降低,DD6合金一次枝晶间距增加,枝晶干和枝晶间γ′相尺寸变大,共晶组织呈粗化趋势,γ-γ′共晶组织含量减少,合金中主要元素偏析程度减轻.     

一种镍基单晶高温合金凝固组织的截面尺寸效应

采用快速凝固法拉制壁厚分别为0.8,1.5,2.5mm的单晶薄壁试样,研究了一种镍基单晶高温合金凝固组织的截面尺寸效应.结果表明:随截面尺寸减小,不同厚度薄壁试样凝固组织一次枝晶间距减小,二次枝晶间距先增大后减小;相对于15mm试样,薄壁试样枝晶干处γ′相尺寸变小,枝晶间γ′相尺寸变化不大,γ/γ′共晶含量明显减少.能谱分析表明不同厚度薄板试样元素偏析程度相对于15mm试样均得到一定缓解,但各不同厚度试样元素偏析变化不大.对三种厚度薄板试样进行真空固溶热处理后发现共晶已基本消除,而15mm试样还残留少量共晶.     

Effect of Ru on microstructural evolution during heat treatment in single crystal superalloys

Abstract

The effect of Ru addition on the as cast microstructure, structural evolution during heat treatment and long term aging was employed in single crystal superalloys with different contents of Ru addition (0, 1·5 and 3·0 wt-%). The results show that NiAl based β phase can occur in the interdendritic region in 3Ru alloy. With increasing Ru content in the alloys, the incipient melting temperature of alloy decreases gradually, while the liquidus and solidus changed slightly. After solution treatment and the same aging treatment, the γ′ phase size decreased with increasing Ru addition. An remarkable inverse partition of alloying elements, i.e. more matrix forming elements Re and Mo distribute to the γ′ phase and more Ni element distribute to the matrix, was observed in the alloys with more Ru content after aging treatment. Ru addition can accelerate the rafting of γ′ phase and suppress the precipitation of topologically close packed (TCP) phases effectively.     

Effect of element Ru on microstructure and creep behaviour of single crystal nickel-based superalloy

By means of creep property measurement and microstructure observation, the influence of element Ru on the microstructure and creep behaviour of single crystal nickel-based superalloy is investigated. The results show that the plate-like μ phase is precipitated along {111} plane of the Ru-free alloy during thermal exposure at 1080°C and creep at 980°C. And the precipitation of μ phase in the alloy with 6(wt)%Mo and 6(wt)%W may be restrained by adding 2% Ru element. Compared to Ru-free alloy, the creep life of the 2% Ru single crystal alloy at 980°C200 MPa increases form 123 h to 333h. Compared to the 2% Ru alloy, the precipitated plate-like μ phase in the Ru-free alloy may promote the initiation and propagation of cracks along the γ matrix up to fracture, which is thought to be the main reason of the alloy having a lower creep resistances and shorter lifetime.     

On the creep and phase stability of advanced Ni-base single crystal superalloys

The present article examines microstructure stability and creep resistance of a 5th generation superalloy, which has Cr content at 4.6 wt%, 6.4 wt% Re and 5.0 wt% Ru, in comparison with that of a 4th generation superalloy (3.2 wt% Cr, 5.8 wt% Re and 3.6 wt% Ru). The aim is to elucidate the implication of increasing Cr, Re and Ru contents for future alloy developments. Experimental results have concluded that high Re + Ru content could promote formation of hexagonal δ phase at 900 °C; additional Cr and Re could enhance the precipitation of TCP phase at 1100 °C. Although an increase in lattice misfit between γ and γ′ in the 5th generation superalloy could strengthen the alloy against creep deformation under conditions at high temperatures (≥1000 °C) and low stresses (≤245 MPa) whilst the microstructural stability remained, the tendency to raft should be avoided during creep at lower temperatures and higher stresses.     

Effects of Rhenium on Creep Rupture Life of a Single Crystal Superalloys

1.Intr0ductionSince1980'stheturbinebladefabrication0fsinglecrystalsuperall0yshasbeenone0fthesignificantkeytechnol0giesofaeroengine.Atpresentsinglecrystalsuperalloysarebeingusedtofabricatethebladesofaeroengineswithpushweightrati01O,suchasaer0-engineFll9(U.S.A.),Fl2O(U.S.A.),GE90(U.S.A.),EJ200(England,Germany,ItalyandSpain),M88-2(France)andP2000(Russia).Thesinglecrystalsuperalloysofthefirstgenerati0n,secondgenerati0nalldthirdgenerationhavebeenstudiedandappliedt0thebladesandvanesofaeroe…     

低Re含量第二代柱晶高温合金DZ59的蠕变断裂性能

采用液态金属冷却(LMC)工艺和成分优化设计,制备出一种高温性能优异的低Re含量第二代柱晶高温合金DZ59,通过扫描电镜(SEM),透射电镜(TEM)等方法对其组织特征及蠕变断裂进行了表征,研究了合金的蠕变断裂性能.结果表明,DZ59合金的高温蠕变断裂性能超过一代单晶合金,并接近二代单晶合金的水平.发现柱晶高温合金的二次晶界反应(SGRZ)现象,表明SGRZ受温度和应力的控制,由于增加了合金横向晶界的受力界面,在高负荷下可能成为蠕变空洞萌生和扩展的位置.     

微量Hf对大角度晶界含Re双晶合金高温持久性能的影响

采用籽晶法制备含有大角度晶界(约20°)的双晶试板,通过分析不同Hf含量(质量分数:0%,0.4%)的含Re合金晶界处析出相、γ/γ′组织、晶界成分及1100℃/100MPa横向持久性能,研究Hf对晶界组织及高温力学性能的影响。结果表明:Hf显著提高了铸态合金大角度晶界处共晶和碳化物体积分数;热处理后,Hf显著抑制了晶界胞状再结晶组织的形成,含Hf合金的1100℃/100MPa横向持久寿命均显著提高。晶界持久性能与晶界析出相种类、形貌、含量和成分密切相关,而Hf元素在晶界未发现显著的偏聚。本研究对先进镍基单晶合金中晶界缺陷的评价及Hf元素晶界强化作用机制的认识具有一定的指导意义。     

Interaction between Re and W on the microstructural stability of Ni-based single-crystal superalloys

The influences of Re and W as well as their interaction on γ′ and topologically close-packed (TCP) phases have been investigated in seven kinds of Ni-based single-crystal superalloys. The results show that after full heat treatment, the γ′ size is reduced with increasing Re, but does not change with increasing W. After thermal exposure at 1000°C for 1000?h, the TCP phase is dramatically increased with increasing Re, but increased slightly with increasing W. The TCP phase volume fraction in higher Re alloys is much more than that in lower Re alloys which have the same total content of Re and W. This indicates that W instead of Re could effectively improve the microstructural stability of Ni-based single-crystal superalloys.