LMS自适应时间延迟估计

数字基带预失真线性化技术是一种通过在功率放大器前端引入与其幅度和相位特性相反的预失真电路使输入和输出信号在整体上呈线性关系,从而实现高频谱效率传输的一种新型线性化技术．然而,预失真电路的引入必然引起环路延时。因此,数字基带预失真线性化技术的关键问题之一就是环路延时的估计,文中研究了基于Widrow的最小均方（LMS）算法的自适应时间延迟估计的基本原理,结构,和算法,分析了这种估计方法的性能,并给出了计算机仿真结果。从仿真结果中可以看出,LMSTDE可以精确的检测出系统的时间延迟,使功率放大器的线性化性能得到很大的改善。     

基于RPE算法的记忆多项式数字预失真研究

数字预失真(DPD)是一种能有效地补偿功率放大器(PA)非线性失真的技术.基于记忆多项式预失真的非直接学习结构(ILA),采用RPE(Recursive Predlotion Error)算法构造了非线性PA的自适应预失真模型,推导了该算法在预失真系统中的递推公式,给出了计算机仿真结果,在相同参数下,通过与RLS算法在系统中的仿真结果进行比较,证明了该算法对消除PA非线性失真的有效性.     

RLS算法在基带预失真系统中的应用

传统的最小二乘(LS)类预失真算法运算量大,且不能跟踪功放的变化特性.推导了基于递归最小二乘(RLS)算法和间接学习型结构的自适应基带预失真算法,并仿真和分析了算法的性能,结果显示该算法与传统的LS类预失真算法对系统功放非线性改善的效果相当.为了进一步验证算法的有效性,设计和构建了具有预失真功能的短波发射系统.硬件测试...     

Joint Polynomial and Look-Up-Table Predistortion Power Amplifier Linearization

Digital predistortion at baseband is an efficient and low-cost method for the linearization of a power amplifier (PA) in a wireless system employing a nonconstant-envelop modulation scheme, so as to reduce the adjacent channel interference. The polynomial and the look-up table (LUT) predistortion schemes are two commonly used approaches. However, in each of the two approaches, to reach a satisfactory adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR) in the PA output signal, people usually end up with a complex system having the involved algorithms converge rather slowly. In this brief, we propose a low-complexity joint-polynomial-and-LUT predistortion PA linearizer, where the two mutually dependent predistortion schemes can skillfully help each other. Simulation results show that the proposed joint linearizer can reduce the algorithm convergence time while achieving an excellent ACPR.     

GaN逆F类高效率功率放大器及线性化研究

效率和线性度是功率放大器的重要指标,也是设计的技术难点。该文设计了2.5-2.6 GHz高效率GaN逆F类功率放大器,其输入输出谐波匹配网络由解析的方法设计得到。单音测试结果表明,在2.55 GHz处,功放的漏极效率超过75%。为了建立逆F类功放的行为模型进行数字预失真,对传统的Hammerstein模型进行了改进,提升了模型拟合精度,对20 MHz带宽、峰均功率比为9.6 dB的16-QAM OFDM调制信号,结合峰值因子降低技术和数字预失真技术对逆F类功放进行线性化后,功放的相邻信道功率比(ACPR)优于-48 dBc。     

Effects of even-order nonlinear terms on power amplifier modeling and predistortion linearization

Power amplifier (PA) is an essential component in communication systems and is nonlinear in nature. Digital baseband predistortion is an emerging cost effective approach to linearize a PA. To study PA nonlinear characteristics and to construct a predistorter, accurate nonlinear models are often necessary. Polynomials have been used extensively for modeling the behavior of the PA or the predistorter. For bandpass communication signals, attention has been paid mainly to odd-order nonlinear terms. In this paper, we reveal the benefit of including even-order nonlinear terms in baseband modeling of the PA and in enhancing predistortion performance.     

A robust digital baseband predistorter constructed using memory polynomials

Power amplifiers (PAs) are inherently nonlinear devices and are used in virtually all communications systems. Digital baseband predistortion is a highly cost-effective way to linearize PAs, but most existing architectures assume that the PA has a memoryless nonlinearity. For wider bandwidth applications such as wideband code-division multiple access (WCDMA) or wideband orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (W-OFDM), PA memory effects can no longer be ignored, and memoryless predistortion has limited effectiveness. In this paper, instead of focusing on a particular PA model and building a corresponding predistorter, we focus directly on the predistorter structure. In particular, we propose a memory polynomial model for the predistorter and implement it using an indirect learning architecture. Linearization performance is demonstrated on a three-carrier WCDMA signal.     

Feedback quantization in crosscorrelation predistorters

Amplification of signals with fluctuating envelopes inevitably leads to distortion because of nonlinear behavior of the power amplifier (PA). Digital predistortion can counteract these nonlinear effects. In this letter, the crosscorrelation predistorter is described and the effects of quantization in the feedback path are presented. One of the effects is that the quantization noise is correlated with the signal to be quantized, resulting in reduced performance of predistortion. A technique to reduce these effects is to inject a dither signal before quantization. Because of the quantization noise and dither signal, more data has to be used to obtain estimates of the PA behavior that are accurate enough for effective predistortion.     

Wiener功率放大器的一种简化预失真方法

根据Hammerstein模型的一种最优两步辨识算法的思路,针对预失真技术的特点对Hammerstein模型进行了两次转换,建立了一种等效的但形式简单的记忆非线性预失真器模型——非线性抽头延时多项式模型,从而简化了Wiener功放的预失真。仿真结果表明,利用所提出的记忆预失真器模型能使用较少的参数,快速、简便地实现记忆放大器的预失真,而且具有满意的线性化性能。     

A hybrid digital/RF envelope predistortion linearization system for power amplifiers

This paper presents an adaptive wide-band digitally controlled RF envelope predistortion linearization system for power amplifiers (PAs). A field-programmable gate-array-based lookup table is indexed by a digitized envelope power signal, and instantaneously adjusts the input signal amplitude and phase via an RF vector modulator to compensate for the AM-AM and AM-PM distortion. The advantages of this predistortion architecture over conventional baseband digital approaches are that a 20%-33% wider correction bandwidth is achievable at the same clock speeds, and linearization can be performed without the need for a digital baseband input signal. The timing match between the input RF signal and predistorting signal, which is one of the critical factors for performance, was investigated and adjusted to obtain optimum performance. Using three-carrier cdmaOne and wide-band multitone signals, the linearization performances for a 0.5-W GaAs heterostructure field-effect transistor, a 90-W peak-envelope-power (PEP) silicon LDMOS PA, and a 680-W PEP LDMOS PA were examined. In addition, the predistortion performance variation for different signals was studied in terms of signal envelope statistics, output powers, and PA power capacities.     

Thermal memory effects modeling and compensation in RF power amplifiers and predistortion linearizers

Memory effects, which influence the performance of RF power amplifiers (PAs) and predistortion-based linearizers, become more significant and critical in designing these circuits as the modulation signal bandwidth and operation power increase. This paper reports on an attempt to investigate, model, and quantify the contributions of the electrical nonlinearity effects and the thermal memory effects to a PA's distortion generation, as well as how to compensate for these effects in designing baseband predistortion schemes. The first part of this paper reports on the development of an accurate dynamic expression of the instantaneous junction temperature as a function of the instantaneous dissipated power. This expression has been used in the construction of an electrothermal model for the PA. Parameters for the new proposed behavior model were determined from the PA measurements obtained under different excitation conditions (e.g., small-signal and pulsed RF tests). This study led us to conclude that the effects of the transistor self-heating phenomenon are more important under narrow-band signal (e.g., enhanced data for global evolution of global system for mobile communications) than for signals with wide modulation bandwidth (CDMA2000, Universal Mobile Telecommunications System). In the second part of this paper, the newly developed model has also been used to design a temperature-compensated predistortion function to compensate for these effects. The linearized PA output spectrum and error vector magnitude show a significant performance improvement in the temperature-compensated predistortion function over a memoryless predistortion. The results of these measurements that have been conducted on a 90-W peak lateral double-diffused metal-oxide-semiconductor PA are in agreement with those obtained from simulations using the developed PA and the predistorter models implemented in an ADS environment.     

基于数/模混合预失真技术的功放线性化北大核心CSCD

随着移动通信信号带宽的增加,传统功率放大器数字预失真线性化技术越来越受到采样率的限制。为了使线性化效果更好,文中提出了一种数字预失真和模拟预失真相结合的混合预失真器,利用模拟预失真宽带宽的特点和数字预失真线性化能力强的优势,把模拟预失真和数字预失真融合在一起,共同补偿功放的非线性。由于受实验设备采样率的限制,文中采用了带宽为60 MHz的5 G NR信号对一个中心频率为3.5 GHz的射频功放进行实验验证。实验结果表明:提出的混合预失真器不仅优于单独的数字预失真器和模拟预失真器的非线性矫正性能,而且还能改善数字预失真因采样率限制无法改善的带外互调失真。     

A Convergence-Free Predistortion Technique for Adaptive Linearisation of RF Power Amplifiers

Adaptive digital baseband predistortion is a well-known linearisation technique for removing intermodulation products that radio frequency power amplifiers (PAs) introduce. This paper proposes a new baseband predistortion method that is based on a non-iterative, fast adaptation algorithm without convergence restrictions. The response of the PA in a batch of training magnitude stimuli is used for the computation of the predistortion gain. The latter is directly extracted in rectangular form without prior transformations and AM/AM and AM/PM non-linearities sequential estimation. The influence of the gain table size and the imperfections of the modulator and demodulator in the method's performance are examined. Experimental measurements of an in-house prototype show a linearity improvement of about 25 dB.     

Wiener功率放大器的分离预失真方法

Hammerstein(以下简称H)系统能实现对Wiener功率放大器的预失真,文章从其结构特点出发,提出了分离预失真方法,将放大器中的记忆和非线性因素分离,并独立地得到各自的预失真模块,从而组成能对WienerPA进行线性化的H系统,克服了以往在对H系统各参数的辨识中,由于没有排除记忆和非线性因素的相互干扰而导致的算法较为复杂,收敛速度缓慢,收敛精度不高的问题。仿真表明,该方法在收敛速度和收敛精度上都有明显提高。     

A Novel Scheme for Power Amplifier Predistortion Based on Indirect Learning Architecture

Polynomial predistortion techniques for power amplifier (PA) non-linearities based on indirect learning architecture (IDLA) are widely used. The benefit of the IDLA leaves unnecessary the assumption of a model for PA, corresponding parameters estimation and inverse construction. In this paper, a novel scheme based on IDLA for PA predistortion is proposed. It has better power spectral density (PSD) and relative mean square error (RMSE) performances than the conventional IDLA-based methods especially when the PA non-liearity is more severe. Simulations and theoretical analysis verify the good performances of the proposed scheme.

一种用于微波功放的新型预失真结构

预失真技术是一种能有效的改善宽带信号线性度的方法。在普通的反向并联二极管预失真技术基础上做出了一定改进,提出了一种新的预失真线性化器电路结构。这种预失器结构简单,可以直接与功放级联,不需要延时线,相移器和衰减器等额外器件。通过调节二极管的偏置电压,电阻值和可调增益放大器,同时控制载波信号和IMD的相位和幅度变化。采用这种预失真器能够有效地补偿微波功放的非线性失真,ADS双音测试表明,IMD3和IMD5分别改善了41 dB和2.4 dB。     

Frequency-Selective Predistortion Linearization of RF Power Amplifiers

This paper presents a frequency-selective RF vector predistortion linearization system for RF multicarrier power amplifiers (PAs) affected by strong differential memory effects. Differential memory effects can be revealed in two-tone experiment by the divergence for increasing tone-spacing of the vector Volterra coefficients associated with the lower and upper intermodulations tones. Using large-signal vector measurement with a large-signal network analyzer, a class-AB LDMOS RF PA is demonstrated to exhibit a strong differential memory effect for modulation bandwidth above 0.3 MHz. New frequency-selective RF and baseband predistortion linearization algorithms are proposed to separately address the linearization requirements of the interband and inband intermodulation products of both the lower and upper sidebands. Theoretical verification of the algorithms are demonstrated with Matlab simulations using a Volterra/Wiener PA model with memory effects. The baseband linearization algorithm is next implemented in a field-programmable gate array and experimentally investigated for the linearization of the class-AB LDMOS PA for two carrier wideband code-division multiple-access signals. The ability of the algorithm to selectively linearize the two interband and four inband intermodulation products is demonstrated. Adjacent channel leakage ratio of up to 45 dBc for inband and interband are demonstrated experimentally at twice the typical fractional bandwidth.     

Dual-band transmitters using digitally predistorted frequency multipliers for reconfigurable radios

Two methods for reconfigurable transmitters using frequency multipliers in conjunction with digital predistortion linearizers are developed. One method utilizes a circuit topology that can be switched between a fundamental-mode in-phase combined amplifier, and a push-push frequency doubler using input phasing. Investigation to maximize output harmonics out of regular power amplifiers (PAs) was performed, and the implementation of the device was successful for the amplifier- and doubler-mode operation. To satisfy optimal load-line conditions for the operation in both modes, a bi-tuned output-combining technique is introduced as well. Measurement results indicate that the circuit is able to transmit 28 dBm of output power at 900 MHz in the amplifier mode, and 22 dBm at 1800 MHz in the doubler mode. In combination with predistortion linearization, the reconfigurable transmitter was shown to be capable of amplifying IS-95B code-division multiple-access (CDMA) signals with an adjacent-channel power ratio (ACPR) up to -58dBc/30kHz. The second suggested method utilizes a fundamental-frequency PA followed by a varactor multiplier that can be bypassed with an RF switch. A varactor-diode doubler with a saturated conversion loss of 1.3 dB was built and tested. Using predistortion linearization techniques on both the PA and doubler, an ACPR of -53dBc/30kHz at 885-kHz offset was achieved for a CDMA signal transmitted at 1850 MHz.     

A Saturated Doherty Power Amplifier Based On Saturated Amplifier

A saturated Doherty power amplifier (PA) based on the saturated PA tuned by the self-generated harmonic currents is presented. When driven with mobile WiMAX 1FA signal, this Doherty PA demonstrates high efficiency performance (average 57%) over the WiMAX band from 2.5 GHz to 2.7 GHz. Simulated and experimental results allow the evaluation for the load modulation behavior of the saturated PA and bandwidth correlation between the Doherty and saturated unit PAs. The linearity requirement of the WiMAX signal is met using the digital feedback predistortion linearization technique.      

Linearised and highly efficient CDMA power amplifier

A high efficiency class F 1.9 GHz power amplifier (PA) module with a predistortion lineariser is proposed for IS-95 CDMA. Efficiency and linearity are evaluated for class F and AB operation. Further improvements were obtained using a low cost RF predistorter. Good agreement was obtained between experiment and simulation