高砷烟尘碱浸渣制备焦锑酸钠的新工艺

以高砷烟尘碱浸脱砷渣为研究对象,采用硫化钠浸出-空气氧化法选择性提取锑并制备焦锑酸钠产品。结果表明:在硫化钠浓度为100 g/L、氢氧化钠浓度为40 g/L、反应时间为3.0 h、液固质量比为5:1、反应温度为90℃、搅拌速度为400 r/min条件下,锑的浸出率为84.81%;在空气流量为1.5 L/min、反应时间为9 h、反应温度为60℃、搅拌速度为300 r/min条件下,锑浸出液中锑沉淀率为98.51%;氧化沉淀产物经盐酸溶解、水解、转化后得到焦锑酸钠产品。硫化钠浸出-空气氧化工艺可以有效地分离提取高砷烟尘碱浸渣中的锑,并制备得到焦锑酸钠产品,实验过程简单、清洁,生产成本低,具有产业化前景。     

微细铜粉在250-400℃空气中的氧化行为

用SEM、TEM观测了微细铜粉在250-400℃空气氧化过程中的形貌和结构变化,并用热重分析仪(TGA)测试了试样的氧化增重.通过对氧化产物形貌变化的分析提出了微细铜粉中温空气的氧化历程:氧原子吸附→疏松氧化膜形成→铜离子向外迁移→氧化膜增厚.在此基础上建立了微细铜粉空气氧化增重的理论表达式,用铜粉在250-400℃间的氧化增重实验结果回归拟合了理论公式的参数,拟合结果与实验结果很好吻合.     

Oxidation behavior of fine copper powder between 250-400℃

用SEM、TEM观测了微细铜粉在250-400 ℃空气氧化过程中的形貌和结构变化, 并用热重分析仪(TGA)测试了试样的氧化增重. 通过对氧化产物形貌变化的分析提出了微细铜粉中温空气的氧化历程: 氧原子吸附→疏松氧化膜形成→铜离子向外迁移→氧化膜增厚. 在此基础上建立了微细铜粉空气氧化增重的理论表达式, 用铜粉在250-400 ℃间的氧化增重实验结果回归拟合了理论公式的参数, 拟合结果与实验结果很好吻合.     

液膜法分离富集、测定废水中微量金

本文采用以N503（N，N－二仲辛基乙酰胺）为流动载体，L113B为表面活性剂，煤油为膜溶剂和NaHSO3作内相试剂的乳状液膜体系，迁移分离（111）金。实验结果表明，在适宜条件下，金的迁移率可达99．5％－100．4％，并能有效地与Ni^2 ,Mn^2 ,Fe^3 ,Al^3 ,Ca^2 ,Mg^2 ,Cu^2 ,Co^2 ,Sn^4 ,Pb^2 ,Zn^2 ,∑RE^3 等离子分离。此法已成功地用于富集测定工业废水，镀金废水和矿石中的微量金。相对标准偏差（RSD）在3．6％以下，结果相当满意。     

铀在干燥氯化氢气氛中的腐蚀行为

研究了铀在干燥氯化氢－空气介质中的加速腐蚀情况,半进行了干燥空气氧化对照实验。研究表明：在干燥的含氯化氢－空气介质下铀的腐蚀速度与干燥空气介质下的氧化速度相比差别不大,但在不同阶段的速度趋势有显著的判别;在干燥空气介质中,铀表面的氧化主要是形成ＵＯ２,ＵＯ２＋ｘ;氯化物夹杂对腐蚀有显著的促进作用;氯化氢中的氢元素与轴作用产生氢化负,后者在氧和氯存在的条件下,反应生成氢气,氢气在金属／氧化物的缺陷区     

含碱金属盐的碳阳极氧化反应的研究

本文采用热失重法研究了碱金属盐碳阳极的空气氧化行为，测定了含有不同浓度的碱金属盐碳阳极在４５０℃、５００℃、５５０℃、６００℃温度下的空气氧化速度常数，并与不含碱金属盐的碳阳极作一比较，发现碳阳极添加碱金属盐后，空气氧化速度增大，其中碳酸钠尤为明显     

铬铁矿熔盐液相氧化新反应系统的热力学分析

利用自编的热力学计算软件对铬铁矿熔盐液相氧化过程进行了热力学计算与分析，通过与传统铬盐生产方法中的碳酸钠高温氧化焙烧过程的比较表明，在较低温度下，液相氧化新过程具有很强的反应趋势，大的放热量及极宽的反应条件，大大优于现行铬盐生产的传统焙烧过程。     

Ni对C－B_4C－SiC复合材料显微结构与性能的影响

本文研究了烧结助剂Ｎｉ对Ｃ－Ｂ_４Ｃ－ＳｉＣ复合材料显微结构与性能的影响．Ｘ射线衍射表明Ｎｉ在烧结温度下与ＳｉＣ，Ｂ_４Ｃ人发生反应在晶界生成Ｎｉ_（４．６）Ｓｉ_２Ｂ，并产生液相，有效地促进了Ｃ－Ｂ_４Ｃ－ＳｉＣ复合材料的烧结，抑制了晶粒的长大，使复合材料密度与强度大幅度地增加，电阻率下降；同时Ｎｉ_（４．６）Ｓｉ_２Ｂ在氧化时生成致密的２ＮｉＯ·Ｂ_２Ｏ_３，包裹了易氧化的Ｂ_４Ｃ和Ｃ，有效地防止了复合材料的氧化，从而大大提高了制品的抗氧化性能．     

响应曲面法优化黄金氰渣亚硫酸钠-空气氧化法脱氰工艺

采用氰化法进行提金处理会产生大量黄金氰渣，对环境安全和人体健康产生严重危害，根据国家标准必须对其进行脱氰处理。使用亚硫酸钠-空气氧化法对某黄金企业产生的黄金氰渣进行脱氰处理，利用响应曲面法探究各因素对脱氰结果的影响及交互作用，进而得到脱氰的最佳工艺条件。结果表明：矿浆初始pH值、亚硫酸钠用量以及反应温度对脱氰结果产生明显影响，空气充入量的影响不大，脱氰反应在开始的15 min内迅速进行，60 min后基本反应完全。对响应曲面模型预测结果进行优化，在最佳条件初始pH值12.90，药剂用量为理论量的3.5倍，反应温度为40℃时对氰渣进行脱氰处理，总氰化物脱除率可达到88.94%，脱氰尾渣毒性浸出液中总氰含量为2.95 mg/L，满足国家标准。     

高温空气氧化对高硅铝合金材料组织及物理性能的影响

采用高温空气氧化对Al-12Si与Al-30Si合金粉末进行预处理,结合包套热挤压,制备出Al2O3与SiO2增强的弥散强化型铝硅复合材料,通过金相及热物性测试,对材料显微组织、密度、气密性、热膨胀系数、导热系数进行了分析.结果表明合金粉末经高温空气氧化预处理后,Al-12Si晶粒长大不明显,而Al-30Si晶粒发生了明显长大;材料致密度随氧化时间延长略有下降,但均在97%以上,材料气密性均在1×10-9 Pa·m3/s左右;在相同工艺条件下,Al-30Si材料热膨胀系数明显低于Al-12Si材料,氧化时间对材料热膨胀系数影响不明显;导热系数随材料中硅含量增加而下降,随粉末氧化时间延长而增加,氧化24 h后,材料导热系数超过120 W/(m·K).     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.