质子交换膜燃料电池用炭纸的制备

以改性酚醛树脂为粘合剂,炭纤维纸为坯体,通过浸渍、模压固化、炭化、石墨化工艺制得质子交换膜燃料电池气体扩散层用炭纸,表征了炭纸的基本性能并与东丽炭纸的相关性能进行了对比。结果表明,自制炭纸的厚度为0.189mm,密度为0.446g/cm3,均与东丽炭纸相近;孔隙率为83%,比东丽炭纸提高18.6%;体电阻率为3.35mΩ.cm,面电阻率为3.86mΩ.cm,分别比东丽炭纸减小了25.9%和39.7%;压差为88.2Pa时透气率达5100mL.mm/(cm2.h.mmAq),比东丽炭纸提高了41.67%;抗拉强度为29.98MPa,比东丽炭纸提高约16.5%;与东丽炭纸相比,自制炭纸的电压输出性能略有下降但不明显。     

C/C复合材料断口热解炭及其界面形貌SEM分析

采用SEM，以增强体为薄毡叠层、基体分别为光滑层及粗糙层结构化学气相沉积热解炭的2种C／C复合材料为研究对象，了三点弯曲试样断口上热解炭及热解炭／热解炭界面的形貌特征，并分析了其成因。结果表明：在垂直于炭纤维轴向的断面上，光滑层结构热解炭未发生塑性变形，但粗糙层结构热解炭发生了明显的塑性变形；在平行于炭纤维轴向的断面上，光滑层结构热解炭／热解炭界面呈光滑状，而粗糙层结构热解炭／热解炭界面呈鳞片状，鳞片的周边粗糙，内部光滑。认为鳞片结构的产生与化学气相沉积过程相关，并对此提出了假设模型：两相邻热解炭生长到界面时，在鳞片周边部位互生长形成真正的结合，使鳞片内部形成封闭的空隙或使气流无法通过鳞片内部，造成鳞片内部的伪结合。     

C/C-ZrC骨架压力浸渗Cu的微观结构与力学性能

以炭纤维针刺整体毡为预制体,先采用CVI增密工艺制备密度1.10 g/cm3的C/C坯料,然后通过PIP法将ZrC陶瓷加入C/C制得密度1.50 g/cm3的C/C-ZrC骨架,最后对C/C-ZrC骨架压力浸渗Cu.结果表明:C/C-ZrC骨架的浸铜体积分数达24％,开孔浸铜率达74％,浸铜后的材料密度3.63 g/cm3,开孔率5.6％,获得良好的浸铜效果.浸入骨架的Cu填充到骨架中网胎层和纤维束间的孔隙里,与ZrC、炭一起构成骨架浸铜材料的基体.骨架中的炭纤维对基体增韧增强,使C/C-ZrC骨架浸铜后的材料抗弯强度达到302 MPa,抗压强度达到342 MPa.     

Carbon spheres prepared via solvent-thermal reaction method and their microstructures after high temperature treatment

Carbon spheres with size of 50–300 nm were synthesized via a solvent-thermal reaction with calcium carbide and chloroform as reactants in a sealed autoclave. The morphologies and microstructures of carbon spheres before and after high temperature treatment (HTT) were characterized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), energy diffraction spectroscopy (EDS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The formation mechanism of carbon spheres was discussed. The results indicate that the carbon spheres convert to hollow polyhedron through HTT. Carbon spheres are composed of entangled and curve graphitic layers with short range order similar to cotton structure, and carbon polyhedron with dimension of 50–250 nm and shell thickness of 15–30 nm. The change of solid spheres to hollow polyhedron with branches gives a new evidence for formation mechanism of hollow carbon spheres.     

Wet friction performance of C/C-SiC composites prepared by new processing route

C/C-SiC composites with SiC island distribution were prepared via a new processing route. The fabrication process mainly included silicon infiltration by ultrasonic vibration, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), siliconizing, liquid phase impregnation and carbonization. The wear and friction properties were tested by an MM-1000 wet friction machine. The results show that SiC phases are mainly distributed between carbon fibers and pyrocarbons as well as among the pryocarbons. The dynamic friction coefficient of the composites decreases gradually from 0.126 to 0.088 with the increase of the surface pressure from 0.5 to 2.5 MPa at the same rotary speed. Furthermore, under the constant surface pressure, the dynamic friction coefficient increases from 0.114 to 0.126 with the increase of the rotary speed from 1 500 to 2 500 r/min. However, the coefficient decreases to 0.104 when the rotary speed exceeds 4 500 r/min. During the friction process, the friction coefficient of C/C-SiC composite is between 0.088 and 0.126, and the wear value is zero after 300 times brake testing. Foundation item: Project(2006CB600901) supported by the Major State Basic Research and Development Program of China; Project(0991015) supported by Guangxi Science Found, China; Project(200808MS083) supported by Guangxi Education Department Found     

C/C-SiC-HfC复合材料的微观结构及力学性能研究北大核心

采用炭纤维和陶瓷粉末混编技术将HfC粉引入到炭纤维预制体中,制备了含有HfC超高温陶瓷粉末的炭纤维预制体;随后采用化学气相渗透(CVI)和先驱体浸渍裂解工艺(PIP)制备了密度高达1.94 g/cm^(3)的C/C-SiC-HfC复合材料,分析了复合材料的微观结构及力学性能。结果表明,制备的复合材料主要由C、SiC及HfC等物相组成,复合材料的平均弯曲强度达到了78.3 MPa,平均压缩强度为127.9 MPa;断裂过程中,断口处出现明显的裂纹扩展、纤维拔出及脱粘现象,从而使得材料呈现出一定的假塑性断裂特征。     

短炭纤维 /沥青炭复合材料导热系数与石墨化度的关系

采用脉冲激光闪光法和XRD技术，分析了一种短炭纤维增强沥青炭复合材料的导热系数与石墨化度之间的关系，建立了两者之间的定量数学模型，并运用声子导热机制对其机理进行了分析。结果表明，随着石墨化度的升高，石墨微晶尺寸增大、结构渐趋完整，复合材料在平行于层面方向的室温导热系数逐渐升高，导热系数与石墨化度之间关系符合公式：λ=59.18 0．53exp(g／14.80)。     

C/C复合材料抗氧化技术(Ⅰ)

讨论了C/C复合材料氧化的机制及其抗氧化途径的理论依据和具体方法;重点综述了涂层抗氧化的研究现状、制备方法、制备涂层的关键问题及典型的抗氧化涂层,指出该研究领域中应加强的研究方向。     

低成本石墨烯基高导热厚膜的制备及其表征

石墨烯具有优异的导热性能,在半导体器件等领域具有广阔的应用前景。针对低成本高散热能力的应用需求,本文利用低成本的物理剥离法制备的石墨烯为主要原料,添加少量氧化石墨烯制备了具有良好导热性能的厚石墨烯膜。利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、拉曼光谱仪、X荧光发射光谱仪、激光闪射法等方式详细表征了所制备的石墨烯导热膜。结果表明:石墨化处理能够很好的提升导热膜中炭的有序程度,制备的导热膜具有良好的热导率,厚度为30μm与130μm的热导率分别为423Wm^(-1)K^(-1)和375Wm^(-1)K^(-1)。该方法制备的导热膜热导率随厚度的增加变化较小,具有良好的应用前景。     

航空刹车用炭/炭复合材料沥青浸渍法增密研究

以CVD工艺预增密至一定密度的自制刹车用炭/炭(C/C)复合材料和国外C/C复合材料刹车片为研究对象,分别采用中温沥青及高温沥青为浸渍剂,对C/C刹车片进行浸清-炭化新工艺补充增密处理.结果表明:自制及国外C/C刹车片均具有较好的可浸渍性;可以采用沥青浸渍-炭化法高效增密;两种沥青相比,高温沥青残炭率更高,但也易产生难石墨化炭;针对整个沥青而言的宏观残炭率与只针对样品而言的实际残炭率的差距随着炭化压力提高而变小,因而,为了快速制取C/C复合材料刹车片,必须提高炭化压力;新工艺补充增密后C/C复合材料刹车片样品各项性能比增密前均有显著的提高.