Ti2AlNb基合金薄壁构件热成形工艺研究

为研究Ti₂ALNb基合金薄板的工程化应用,对轻质耐高温材料Ti₂AlNb基合金冷轧薄板进行了冷成形、热成形和热处理实验研究,获得了该合金的热成形、热处理性能及优选的工艺参数,并进行了该合金带翻边薄壁锥筒的热成形工艺试验.结果表明:Ti₂AlNb合金薄板在900 ℃下保温2 h后空冷可实现筒形件的热校形获得稳定外形;在不低于850 ℃条件下可实现带翻边焊接筒体件的热成形,并且在同一次热循环过程中可实现零件的热处理,获得尺寸精度及组织性能都能满足要求的大尺寸工程零件.     

粉末Ti-22Al-24Nb-0.5Mo合金热变形能力的对比研究

采用预合金粉末热等静压工艺制备名义成分为Ti-22Al-24Nb-0.5Mo(原子百分数)的粉末Ti2AlNb合金,对粉末合金、经热处理的粉末合金和同种成分的熔铸Ti2AlNb合金进行了压缩实验。结果表明,粉末Ti2AlNb合金具有与熔铸变形合金相当的变形能力,热处理对粉末Ti2AlNb合金的变形能力没有明显的影响,粉末合金在低温和高应变速率下的变形抗力更低,不易开裂。采用典型粉末成型工艺制备粉末Ti2AlNb热变形坯料,在两相区进行了不同变形量的墩粗和拔长热变形。结果表明,粉末Ti2AlNb坯料变形后没有宏观裂纹,变形均匀。拉伸实验结果表明,变形后经热处理的粉末Ti2AlNb合金表现出更好的拉伸性能。     

粉末冶金Ti_2AlNb合金的制备及持久寿命

采用无坩埚感应熔炼超声气体雾化法制备了成分为Ti-22Al-24Nb-0.5Mo(原子分数,%)的预合金粉末,通过包套热等静压工艺制备了粉末Ti2AlNb合金。研究结果显示热等静压温度显著影响粉末Ti2AlNb合金的冶金质量,需严格控制。对制备的粉末合金进行了热处理,分析了热处理制度对粉末Ti2AlNb合金相组成、显微组织、拉伸及高温持久寿命的影响,优选了粉末Ti2AlNb合金的热处理工艺。粉末Ti2AlNb合金高温持久寿命受多方面因素协同影响;时效温度较低时(800-850℃),随着时效温度的升高,次生O相板条宽度和长度增加、α2相体积分数减少,协同作用的结果是持久寿命增加;时效温度较高(850-900℃)时,次生O相尺寸、α2相体积分数变化不显著,B2相体积分数增加及α2相尺寸的增大对持久寿命的提高起了关键作用。     

TA15/Ti2AlNb四层空心舵翼超塑成形/扩散连接工艺研究

目的 研究TA15/Ti2AlNb异种合金四层空心舵翼件成形/扩散连接工艺,获得合理的工艺参数,掌握塑性变形和扩散连接规律,推动异种合金轻量化中空结构件的应用。方法 采用MSC.Marc有限元仿真了TA15/Ti2AlNb异种合金四层空心舵翼超塑成形/扩散连接工艺过程,根据2种材料的高温变形规律优化出气压加载曲线,开展了空心舵翼的超塑成形/扩散连接实验研究,测试了舵翼的壁厚分布,分析了焊缝的金相组织。结果 成功制备了TA15芯板直立筋良好、三角区宽度仅1.1 mm的四层空心舵翼,面板最大减薄率为20.0%,芯板最大减薄率为54.2%,芯板与面板之间扩散连接区域的焊合率为46.8%~98.6%。结论 超塑成形/扩散连接工艺可制造TA15/Ti2AlNb异种合金空心结构,2种合金高温流动应力的显著差别避免了表面沟槽缺陷,但当整形压力和保压时间不足时,四层结构内各处扩散连接焊合率存在不稳定性。     

热处理对TiAl/Ti2AlNb放电等离子扩散焊接头微观组织与力学性能的影响

采用放电等离子扩散连接方法,实现了TiAl/Ti2 AlNb合金扩散连接,对焊后的接头进行不同温度的热处理,分析热处理后接头显微组织,并检测接头抗拉强度和显微硬度.结果表明:热处理后Ti2 AlNb母材、TiAl母材和界面处显微形貌无明显变化;Ti2 AlNb热影响区发生B2相向O相转变,由于针状O相的析出,热影响区的显微硬度较焊态显著增加.随着热处理温度的升高,Ti2 AlNb热影响区的显微硬度逐渐减小,接头的室温抗拉强度逐渐增加.当热处理温度为900℃时,接头抗拉强度最大为376 MPa.热处理后接头的断裂方式为脆性断裂.     

基于某导叶内环的新材料切削性能研究

某一体导叶内环包括铸造Ti3Al基合金材料和热等静压成型的Ti2AlNb材料2种。此类材料在航空航天发动机领域具有广阔的应用前景,其材料性质明显区别于目前机匣类零件所选用的各个牌号的钛合金和高温合金等,其金属切削性能必然与传统材料存在差异。以此次零件试制为契机,收集有关数据,摸索加工规律,并初步形成Ti2AlNb和Ti3Al基合金材料的切削性能技术总结,为以后加工同类材料零件时能够有预见性地降低风险、提高效率、控制成本,是很有必要的。     

微量B元素对铸造Ti2AlNb合金组织与力学性能的影响

目的 研究微量B元素对铸造Ti2AlNb合金组织和力学性能的影响,优选出适合铸造工艺的Ti2AlNb合金成分,为推进铸造Ti2AlNb合金的应用提供理论和数据支撑。方法 以Ti–22Al–25Nb(原子数分数,下同)、Ti–22Al–24Nb–0.1B、Ti–22Al–24Nb–0.2B合金为研究对象,采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜研究不同B含量合金铸态、热等静压态的宏、微观组织及析出相形态。采用XRD分析合金的物相组成,室温拉伸性能测试评价力学性能,通过扫描电镜观察拉伸断口,分析微量B元素对力学性能产生影响的原因。结果 添加微量B元素可以明显细化Ti–22Al–25Nb合金的晶粒尺寸,随着B元素原子数分数增加至0.2%,晶粒尺寸由958 μm减小至548 μm。B元素在合金中主要以固溶态、TiB和TiB2针片状析出相形式存在,随着B含量的增加,硼化物长度和厚度尺寸略微增加、体积分数由0.3%增加至0.8%。0.1B合金的室温屈服强度、抗拉强度和伸长率与原合金水平相当,0.2B合金的屈服强度提升,但其抗拉强度和伸长率均降低。断口分析显示,0.2B合金塑性降低是硼化物增多、集中分布引起脆性断裂所致。结论 综合B元素对流动性的改善效果,优选出适合铸造工艺的合金成分为Ti–22Al–24Nb–0.1B。     

氧和氮对TiAl合金精密热成形显微组织和力学性能的影响

TiAl合金因其密度低、比强度高,在700~900 ℃具有良好的耐氧化性、抗蠕变和疲劳性能等优点,是最具应用前景的耐高温结构材料。氧、氮原子在TiAl合金真空熔炼、精密铸造、粉末冶金和增材制造等精密热成形中的变化,对组织转变和性能的影响不可忽视,氧、氮原子使合金室温塑性降低,是限制其工程化应用的关键因素之一。介绍了氧、氮原子对TiAl合金在精密热成形过程中显微组织和力学性能的影响,并进一步阐述了热成形工艺参数与TiAl合金氧和氮含量之间的关系。     

合金元素复合化对Ti_(2)AlNb合金高温抗氧化性能影响EI北大核心CSCD

Ti_(2)AlNb合金具有良好的工艺性能、综合力学性能和较低的密度等性能优势,是新型航空发动机的重要选材之一。为拓宽Ti_(2)AlNb合金的应用范围,需对传统Ti_(2)AlNb合金进行合金成分优化和工艺组织调控以进一步增强其高温抗氧化性能。本研究在传统Ti-Al-Nb三元合金体系基础上,综合设计Mo,Zr,W等合金复合化的方法提高Ti_(2)AlNb合金的抗氧化能力,通过对新型Ti_(2)AlNb合金在750℃和850℃的氧化增重行为分析、氧化层特征结构分析、表面氧化物种类和合金成分过渡分布分析等,发现Mo合金元素引起Ti_(2)AlNb合金在750℃上升至850℃时抗氧化性能的明显下降,Zr合金元素则始终保持着Ti_(2)AlNb合金良好的高温抗氧化能力;更为深入的截面试样SEM表征可将氧化层结构细分为氧化物层、富氧扩散层和组织演变层,Zr和W合金元素对850℃高温氧化过程中不同氧化层结构具有协同抑制作用,因此提出通过Zr和W合金元素复合的方法作为新型Ti_(2)AlNb合金抗氧化合金成分优化方向。     

Ti及TiAl合金的电致增塑性

TiAl合金和Ti合金由于缺少滑移系,是典型的难变形材料.本文探索应用高密度脉冲电流改善其成形性.所选择的材料是TiAl合金 (Ti₂AlNb)、TC4合金(Ti-6Al-4V)、TA15合金和TA1-A.研究了脉冲电流处理对变形损伤的影响,研究结果表明,在一定条件下因塑性变形而产生的微裂纹可以被治愈,并形成局部的再结晶组织,预塑性变形试样的塑性可以被完全恢复,极限变形量得到提高.对退火态的板材进行了高密度电流脉冲处理试验分析,试验结果表明,电流脉冲处理显著地改变了板材的力学性能:均匀延伸率提高、屈服应力和屈强比下降.这对改善钛合金板材成形性具有重要的意义.选用冷轧态板材进行了脉冲电流处理实验,研究结果表明,脉冲电流处理可以大幅度地提高冷轧钛合金板材的塑性,同时材料强度不降低,由于晶粒的细化作用,强韧性得到改善.本文的研究结果表明高密度脉冲电流是改善难变形合金成形性的一种有效方法.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.