以稻壳为原料制备活性炭研究

本文以稻壳为原料制备粉末活性炭，对其进行了亚甲基蓝吸附值和碘吸附值的测试。采用NaOH为活化剂制备稻壳活性炭，考察了炭化温度、炭化时间、活化温度、活化时间以及碱浓度对制备活性炭的影响。研究表明：稻壳制备活性炭的最佳工艺条件为：稻壳在700℃的条件下炭化5h，与2．5mol／L的NaOH溶液混合，采用先低温（400℃）预处理再高温（700℃）活化1.5h，制备的稻壳活性炭的亚甲基蓝吸附值和碘吸附值分别为250mg／g和726mg／g。     

油茶饼粕制备活性炭工艺研究

根据GB/T 12496.10-1999测定被活性炭吸附过后的亚甲基蓝溶液的吸光度来检测活性炭的吸附性能,根据吸附结果得出最佳工艺条件:磷酸法为磷酸浓度60%,活化时间120 min,活化温度500℃,收率为46.25%,亚甲基蓝吸附量为:12.0 m L/0.1g。KOH/NaOH法制备活性炭最佳条件为炭化时间60 min,活化温度700℃,收率为11.66%,亚甲基蓝吸附量为11.5 m L/0.1g。结果表明磷酸法收率高,吸附效果理想,是油茶饼粕活性炭较好的制备方法。     

以鸡蛋壳为原料制备柠檬酸钙工艺研究

以鸡蛋壳为钙源,制备柠檬酸钙,考察了柠檬酸浓度、NaOH浓度、HCl浓度及反应温度对产品产率的影响。结果表明,最佳工艺条件为:柠檬酸浓度为1 mol/L,NaOH溶液浓度为1 mol/L,HCl溶液浓度为1.5 mol/L,反应温度为40℃,反应时间20 min,产品产率可达68.36%以上。     

油页岩渣制备沸石及其吸附Cr6+性能

系统研究了油页岩渣合成沸石过程中NaOH浓度、熔融温度、晶化时间、晶化温度对沸石生成及其Cr6+吸附性能的影响. 结果表明,NaOH浓度和晶化时间主要影响沸石的种类;沸石对Cr6+的吸附率随其制备的熔融温度、晶化时间、晶化温度的增加有增大的趋势,但随NaOH浓度降低而增加;沸石对1 mg/L含铬模拟废水中Cr6+的最大吸附量为1.120 mg/g,吸附率达到89.6%. 考虑到成本,最佳合成条件为：NaOH浓度4.6 mol/L,熔融温度400℃,晶化时间72 h,晶化温度140℃.     

用脂肪酶非水相生物催化合成己酸乙酯的研究

原料为正己烷、己酸、乙醇。最佳反应条件为:在正己烷中加入浓度为0 15mol/L的己酸和0 1mol/L的乙醇,加入质量浓度为0 01kg/L脂肪酶CLL(吸附在聚苯乙烯大孔疏水性树脂上),采用MgCl2控制水分,用反渗析膜隔开,在25℃、100r/min振荡水浴中反应24h条件下,脂肪酶合成己酸乙酯转化率可达99 07%。     

载银树脂制备过程中银的行为的研究

主要研究了载银树脂的制备工艺及静态吸附过程中银的行为。本文通过静态吸附实验,对载银树脂制备过程中引入添加剂锌或铜条件下的工艺条件,吸附性能,反应动力学、热力学进行了探讨。分阶段进行吸附工艺:选用001×7树脂作为载体,温度为25℃,溶液浓度为0.020 mol/L,吸附至平衡;选用锌或铜为添加剂,换取吸附溶液,通过对时间、温度及添加剂浓度的影响,分析银吸附及解吸行为,并为选择较佳的工艺条件和参数做理论基础。     

固定化Anti-HBsAg单克隆抗体及其含HBsAg血清体外吸附评价

以壳聚糖微球为载体 ,经环氧氯丙烷活化后固定Anti HBsAg单克隆抗体。活化条件是 :环氧氯丙烷用量 0 3mL/g载体、活化温度 4 5℃、活化时间 4h、c(NaOH) =2mol/L ;固定化温度 3℃、固定化时间 2 4h ,活化壳聚糖与单克隆抗体的偶联率为 17.8%。患者血清体外吸附实验结果表明 ,该吸附剂可吸附除去 30 %～ 5 0 %致病抗体 ,血清由阳性转为阴性     

马尾松树皮改性及吸附性能的研究初探

以马尾松树皮为原料,采用"甲醛-盐酸"法进行改性,制备树皮生物吸附剂,并探讨其对重金属离子的吸附性能。研究表明,改性适宜工艺条件为:树皮粒径40~60目,甲醛20 m L,盐酸浓度0.5 mol/L,反应温度50℃;最佳吸附工艺条件:改性树皮吸附Cr6+时,溶液浓度180 mg/L,p H为5,反应温度为35℃,吸附时间为60 min。     

复合活化剂制备稻壳活性炭影响因素及特性

以稻壳为原料,ZnCl₂-CuCl₂为复合活化剂,制备稻壳活性炭,并以BET比表面积和吸附性能为指标,通过正交试验对制备的工艺条件进行优化,并对制得的稻壳活性炭采用氮气吸附等温线、X射线衍射仪(XRD)表征。结果表明,稻壳可以被制得大比表面积活性炭。影响活性炭比表面积和吸附性能最重要的因素是氯化锌浓度和活化温度,最佳制备工艺条件是氯化锌浓度5 mol/L,氯化铜浓度 0.4 mol/L,活化温度500 ℃,活化时间2 h。该条件下制得的稻壳活性炭比表面积为1 924 m²/g,碘吸附值为1 041 mg/g,亚甲基蓝吸附值为 188 mg/g。     

树脂吸附法回收焦化废水中的酚

通过静态吸附实验确定处理焦化废水中酚的最佳吸附树脂是NDA-99超高交联吸附树脂,并通过动态实验确定了树脂吸附法处理焦化废水中酚的最佳工艺条件是:pH为4.0,吸附流量为40mL/h,单柱废水处理量为300mL/批;在50℃下用10mL质量分数为8%的NaOH 10mL质量分数为4%的NaOH 20mL水脱附,流量为10mL/h;处理后废水中挥发酚质量浓度从1380mg/L降到12mg/L,COD从15500mg/L降到650mg/L。低浓度脱附液套用,高浓度脱附液用异丙醚萃取—蒸馏法回收杂酚,实现了焦化废水中酚的资源化。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Novel polyurethane coating technology through glycidyl carbamate chemistry

Glycidyl carbamate chemistry combines the excellent properties of polyurethanes with the crosslinking chemistry of epoxy resins. Glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional isocyanate oligomers and glycidol. The oligomers were formulated into coatings with several amine functional crosslinkers at varying stoichiometric ratios and cured at different temperatures. Properties such as solvent resistance, hardness, and impact resistance were dependent on the composition and cure conditions. Most coatings had an excellent combination of properties. Studies were carried out to determine the kinetics of the curing reaction of the glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers with multifunctional and model amines. Detailed kinetic analysis of the curing reactions was also undertaken. The results indicated that the glycidyl carbamate functional group is more reactive than a glycidyl ether group. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, on October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.