TiO2/ACF复合材料的Sol-Gel法制备及其对苯的去除性能

以钛酸四丁酯为钛源,采用改进溶胶凝胶法合成TiO₂前驱体;采用浸渍提拉法将TiO₂前驱体负载在活性炭纤维(ACF)表面制得TiO₂/ACF复合材料.采用X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、低温液氮吸附等对TiO₂/ACF复合材料晶相结构、表面结构等进行了表征.在静态自制光催化反应装置中紫外光照射条件下,以高浓度（2926.5mg/m³）气态苯考察TiO₂/ACF对气相有机污染物的去除性能,以气相色谱质谱（GC-MS）检测中间产物种类与分布.结果表明：TiO₂于ACF表面形成完整薄层,随负载次数增加,TiO₂/ACF比表面积下降;TiO₂薄层变厚、开裂,甚至脱落.400 ℃煅烧时TiO2已完全转变为锐钛矿相,随煅烧温度升高,锐钛矿型TiO₂晶粒尺寸变大,至700℃时开始有金红石相生成.负载2次,400 ℃煅烧TiO₂/ACF复合材料TiO₂/ACF-400-2表现出最高活性.TiO₂/ACF对苯的去除过程中未检测到毒性较大的酚、醌类中间产物.     

热处理温度对TiO2-WO3复合光催化材料储能特性的影响

以离子交换法获得的可溶性钨酸溶液与TiO₂为原料,制备了TiO₂-WO₃复合光催化材料. 用电化学恒电流放电法表征了材料的储能特性,并结合XRD、TEM、BET、UV-Vis等手段,研究了材料中WO₃的晶型和结晶度随热处理温度的变化及其对材料光催化储能效应产生的影响. 在电化学测试中,TiO₂-WO₃复合材料显示了一定的光催化储能特性. 且WO₃的结晶度对材料储能性有一定的影响：WO₃为水合态或结晶度很低时,材料几乎没有光催化储能性;随着结晶度的增强,储能性提高;TiO₂-WO₃的储能性能最高达到0.83×10^-3C·mg^-1; 结晶度过高,储能性反之降低. 利用材料的光催化储能特性,在黑暗条件下对罗丹明B的降解率为11％,显示了一定的储能降解活性.     

激光辐照引起Ge2Sb2Te5非晶态薄膜的电/光性质变化

研究了激光辐照引起Ge₂Sb₂Te₅非晶态薄膜的电/光性质变化, 当激光功率为580mW时薄膜的方块电阻有四个数量级(10⁷～10³Ω/□)的突变; 对电阻发生突变前、中、后的三个样品进行了XRD测试, 结果表明, 随着激光功率的增大,薄膜由非晶态向晶态转变,用椭偏仪测试了结构转变前、中、后三个样品的光学常数, 在可见光范围内薄膜的光学常数在波长相同情况下有: n_非晶态>n_中间态>n_晶态, k_晶态>k_中间态>k_非晶态, α_晶态>α_中间态>α_非晶态, 结合电阻变化曲线和XRD图谱讨论了激光辐照Ge₂Sb₂Te₅非晶态薄膜的电/光性质变化同激光功率和结构转变之间的关系.     

氮硫掺杂介孔TiO2薄膜结构及其光催化性能

分别以Ti(OBuⁿ)₄和Pluronic F127为无机前驱体和模板剂, 以硫脲为添加剂, 采用sol-gel法结合蒸发致自组装法（EISA）制备了锐钛矿结构的介孔TiO₂薄膜材料.采用SEM、 XPS、N₂ 吸附-脱吸、XRD和 UV-Vis光谱对其进行了表征. 研究发现, 向前驱体溶液添加硫脲一方面改变了TiO₂的介孔结构, 另一方面对介孔TiO₂进行了N、S共掺杂. 当溶液中硫脲与Ti(OBuⁿ)₄的摩尔比为2.5%时, 介孔TiO₂的孔径由未掺杂的7.0nm增至12.4nm, 光催化降解甲基橙实验表明其在紫外光区具有最优的光催化活性; 当溶液中硫脲与Ti(OBuⁿ)₄的摩尔比为5%时, 其吸收边由380nm扩展至520nm, 光催化降解罗丹明B实验表明其在可见光下显示出最优的光催化活性.     

喷雾燃烧热分解制备Cr掺杂TiO2纳米粒子的可见光催化性能

采用一步喷雾燃烧热解法制备了Cr掺杂TiO₂纳米粒子,研究了Cr掺杂对样品微结构、吸光特性和可见光催化活性的影响. 结果表明：增加Cr掺杂量抑制锐钛矿相的形成,同时促进金红石相的形成. 在低Cr掺杂量下(≤1%）,Cr主要以Cr³⁺的形态进入TiO₂晶格,而Cr掺杂量过大时,易于形成Cr₂O₃团簇. 光催化降解2,4-二氯苯酚结果表明,适量的Cr³⁺掺杂可以有效地提高TiO₂的可见光催化活性,获得最高光催化活性的Cr³⁺掺杂量为1at%. 样品可见光催化活性的提高主要与Cr掺杂引起的可见光吸收增强、晶相组成改善以及光生电子和空穴传输效率提高有关.     

常压干燥法制备TiO2气凝胶

以钛酸丁酯为原料, 以甲酰胺为干燥控制化学添加剂控制凝胶网络结构, 采用溶胶－凝胶法制得TiO₂醇凝胶; 结合正硅酸乙酯母液浸泡和低表面张力溶剂替换及常压干燥等后处理步骤, 实现了TiO₂气凝胶的常压干燥法制备. 采用XRD、BET、TEM、SEM、EDS及FT-IR等测试手段对样品进行表征. 结果表明：所制备的TiO₂气凝胶为无定形结构, 表观密度为0.375g/cm³, 比表面积达523m²/g, 平均孔径约9.9nm; 经850℃空气气氛下煅烧4h后, TiO₂气凝胶转变为锐钛矿型结构, 平均孔径增大到16.3nm, 比表面积仍达208m²/g. 本研究提出的制备方法简单, 所制备的气凝胶比表面积高、热稳定好.     

室温下以Gemini表面活性剂为模板剂合成介孔TiO2

采用双子型季铵盐类阳离子表面活性剂溴代Gemini1231做模板剂,用溶胶-凝胶（sol-gel）法在室温合成了介孔TiO₂材料,用TG-DTA、XRD、N₂吸附-脱附、TEM等进行表征.结果表明,用该模板剂合成的介孔TiO₂材料,合适的煅烧温度为480℃,其比表面积可达383.8m²/g,最可几孔径为5.8nm,广角XRD测试发现较强的锐钛矿型特征峰,而未发现金红石相特征衍射峰,说明本实验制备的介孔TiO₂为稳定锐钛矿型.通过小角X射线衍射分析发现,产物具有规整有序的介孔结构.     

介孔复合半导体NiO-TiO2的制备与光响应性能

采用模板剂法制备了系列NiO-TiO₂复合半导体,用N₂吸附-脱附、XRD、TPR、TEM和UV-Vis DRS等方法对半导体材料的孔结构、表面构造、能带结构与其吸光特性进行了分析. 结果表明：所制备的NiO-TiO₂为介孔结构的纳米管或带,其比表面积超过100m²/g;NiO在TiO₂表面分散均匀,并部分形成NiTiO₃固熔体;NiO与TiO₂间存在明显的复合效应,当NiO含量由2%增加至10%时,其Eg值由3.82eV降至3.49eV,有效地拓展了光响应范围.     

(1-x)(Mg_(0.7)Zn_(0.3))TiO_3-x(Ca_(0.61)Nd_(0.26))TiO_3系微波介质陶瓷介电性能研究(英文)

本实验研究了(1-x)(Mg_0.7Zn_0.3)TiO₃－x(Ca_0.61Nd_0.26)TiO₃体系陶瓷(MZCNT)的微波介电性能,通过(Ca_0.61Nd_0.26)TiO₃协调(Mg_0.7Zn_0.3)TiO₃陶瓷的谐振频率温度系数.实验发现,烧结温度和陶瓷组成对微波介电性能影响显著, 当烧结温度为1250℃时,可以获得良好的致密度,当烧结温度超过1300℃时,(Ca_0.61Nd_0.26)TiO₃ 的分解和Zn的蒸发导致陶瓷致密度和介电性能下降.此外,随着(Ca_0.61Nd_0.26)TiO₃含量的增大,材料的介电常数增大,品质因数减小.当 (Ca_0.61Nd_0.26)TiO₃含量为13%,烧结温度为1250℃,保温4h,（MZCNT）陶瓷具有优良微波介电性能,ε_r =24.3,Q·f=34000GHz,τ_f~-9×10^-6/℃,从而达到实用要求.     

多孔SiO2与TiO2复合纳米材料的制备及光催化性能

在溶胶水热法所合成的锐钛矿相TiO₂纳米晶基础上,利用模板剂调制的SiO₂溶胶进一步合成了多孔SiO₂与TiO₂复合纳米粒子,重点研究了复合SiO₂对纳米锐钛矿相TiO₂热稳定性及光催化活性的影响.结果表明,复合SiO₂提高了纳米锐钛矿相TiO₂的热稳定性,经过900℃热处理后的TiO₂仍然具有以锐钛矿相为主的相组成.在光催化降解罗丹明B实验过程中,经过高温热处理的复合纳米材料表现出优于Degussa P25 TiO₂的活性,这主要与其锐钛矿相结晶度提高和具有较大比表面积等有关.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.