微量碳对淬态Fe－Si－B非晶丝表面层结构及脆性的影响

用旋转水中熔融金属纺丝法制备了Ｆｅ－Ｓｉ－Ｂ非晶金属丝。拉伸和弯折性能表明，当合金中杂质碳原子分数含量≥０．２％时，制备态（淬态）非晶丝发生脆化。电子探针、Ａｕｇｅｒ能谱分析与透射电镜观察发现，非晶丝表面具有大约１５０－３００ｎｍ宽的富碳层且包含Ｆｅ＿（２３）（Ｃ，Ｂ）＿６相。该相是Ｆｅ－Ｓｉ－Ｂ非晶丝脆化的原因。     

液淬工艺和微量元素对非晶态Fe—B—Si合金热稳定性的影响

研究了液淬工艺参数和添加微量稀土元素Ｃｅ对非昌态Ｆｅ－Ｂ－Ｓｉ合金热稳定性的影响,结果表明,制备非晶条带时的液淬速率愈高,在低温退火时合金的结构弛豫过程愈难进行。而非晶晶化与液淬条件之间不存在直接的联系。Ｃｅ的适量添加,在氏温阶延迟了结构弛豫过程中非晶条带延－脆转变的发生;在高温阶段使合金开始晶化的温度降低,且民条带中Ｃｅ的含量成正比。     

纳米晶软磁合金Fe_(73.5)Cu_1Nb_3Si_(13.5)B_9淬态脆化机制研究

本文采用正电子湮没、居里点与内耗等方法对纳米晶软磁合金Fe73 5 Cu1Nb3Si13 5 B9淬态脆化机制进行系统研究。研究结果表明FeCuNbSiB淬态脆化是由于发生结构弛豫造成 ,且其结构弛豫峰温度比常用Fe B Si非晶低得多 ,说明FeCuNbSiB比常用Fe B Si非晶易产生由结构弛豫造成的淬态脆化。     

微量碳对淬态Fe—Si—B非晶丝表面层结构及脆性的影响

用旋转水中熔融金属纺丝法制备了Ｆｅ－Ｓｉ－Ｂ非晶金属丝。拉伸和弯折性能表明，当合金中杂质碳原子分数含量≥０．２％时，制备态（淬态）非晶丝发生脆化。电子探针、Ａｕｇｅｒ能谱分析与透射电镜观察发现，非晶丝表面具有大约１５０－３００ｎｍ宽的富碳层且包含Ｆｅ＿（２３）（Ｃ，Ｂ）＿６相。该相是Ｆｅ－Ｓｉ－Ｂ非晶丝脆化的原因。     

FeCuNbSiB合金的纳米晶化过程研究

应用Ｘ射线衍射分析和穆斯堡尔谱学研究了Ｆｅ７３．５Ｃｕ１Ｎｂ３Ｓｉ１３．５Ｂ９非晶合金的纳米晶化过程．Ｆｅ７３．５Ｃｕ１Ｎｂ３Ｓｉ１３．５Ｂ９合金在５００～６００℃温度范围内分别退火１ｈ，可形成纳米ＤＯ３结构的ＦｅＳｉ相和剩余非晶相。随着退火温度的升高，有更多的ＦｅＳｉ相析出。在５００℃等温退火中ＦｅＣｕＮｂＳｉＢ合金出现二阶段纳米晶化过程。     

非晶态Fe－B－Si合金的退火脆化

非晶态Ｆｅ－Ｂ－Ｓｉ合金的退火脆化具有明显的成分依赖性，并且对制备条件和退火方式比较敏感；近共晶成分的合金（如Ｆｅ８０Ｂ１１．５Ｓｉ８．５和Ｆｅ７９Ｂ１１．５Ｓｉ９．５等）和适当液淬工艺条件下制备的非晶合金薄带具有相对较小的脆化倾向。与常规退火工艺相比，脉冲电流加热快速退火，可在保持延性基本不变的情况下，明显改善合金的磁性；是获得非晶态Ｆｅ－Ｂ－Ｓｉ合金磁性优化与良好延性配合的有效途径之一     

非晶态Fe79B16Si5合金退火脆化机制研究

通过测定非晶态Ｆｅ７９Ｂ１６Ｓｉ５合金在退火脆化，结构弛豫和晶化时激活能，分析了合金的延－脆转化机制。非晶态Ｆｅ７９Ｂ１６Ｓｉ５合金对应于延－脆转化临界点的激活能为１２５ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ，与反映结构弛豫过程中原子间交互作用变化激活能相近，而远低于预晶化相α－Ｆｅ析出激活能，说明结构弛豫过程中非晶结构的短程有序化导致脆化的主要原因之一，合金的脆化与晶化无关。     

非晶态Fe—B—Si合金的退火脆化

非晶态Ｆｅ－Ｂ－Ｓｉ合金的退火脆化具有明显的成分依赖性，并且对制备条件和退火方式比较敏感，近共晶成分的合金（如Ｆｅ８０Ｂ１１．５Ｓｉ８．５和Ｆｅ７９Ｂ１１．５Ｓｉ９．５等）和适当液淬工艺条件下制备的非晶合金薄带具有相对较小的脆化倾向，与常规退火工艺相比，脉冲电流加热快速退火，可在保持延性基本不变的情况下，明显改善合金的磁性，是获得非晶态Ｆｅ－Ｂ－Ｓｉ合金磁性优化与良好延性配合的有效途径之一。     

Fe-Cu-Nb-Si-B纳米晶合金结构的Mssbauer谱研究SCIEI

测定了Ｆｅ_（７３．５）Ｃｕ_１Ｎｂ_３Ｓｉ_（１３．５）Ｂ_９合金的单辊快淬制备态条带及其经热处理后的室温透射Ｍｓｓｂａｕｅｒ谱．制备态谱为典型非晶展宽六线谱，其内磁场平均值Ｈｉ＝１７．０１ＭＡ／ｍ．在Ｎ_２气氛保护下经４８０℃退火０．５ｈ已有明显结构弛豫或部分晶化发生；５３０℃退火１ｈ后样品已显著晶化，其主要组成为α－Ｆｅ（Ｓｉ）固溶体纳米晶和剩余非晶相，后者约占３９．１％，并随退火温度升高而减少，至６２０℃退火后约为２５％．非晶相的Ｈｉ值在结构弛豫阶段稍有上升，而在显著晶化温度以上则随温度升高而减小．在５５０℃退火样品中存在不同取向的体相磁织构．     

Fe-Cu-Nb-Si-B纳米晶合金结构的Mssbauer谱研究

测定了Ｆｅ_（７３．５）Ｃｕ_１Ｎｂ_３Ｓｉ_（１３．５）Ｂ_９合金的单辊快淬制备态条带及其经热处理后的室温透射Ｍｓｓｂａｕｅｒ谱．制备态谱为典型非晶展宽六线谱，其内磁场平均值Ｈｉ＝１７．０１ＭＡ／ｍ．在Ｎ_２气氛保护下经４８０℃退火０．５ｈ已有明显结构弛豫或部分晶化发生；５３０℃退火１ｈ后样品已显著晶化，其主要组成为α－Ｆｅ（Ｓｉ）固溶体纳米晶和剩余非晶相，后者约占３９．１％，并随退火温度升高而减少，至６２０℃退火后约为２５％．非晶相的Ｈｉ值在结构弛豫阶段稍有上升，而在显著晶化温度以上则随温度升高而减小．在５５０℃退火样品中存在不同取向的体相磁织构．     

X-ray diffraction study of Ba0.985Na0.015Ti0.985Nb0.015O3, Ba0.6Na0.4Ti0.6Nb0.4O3 and Ba0.3Na0.7Ti0.3Nb0.7O3 compositions

The Ba_0.985Na_0.015Ti_0.985Nb_0.015O₃, Ba_0.6Na_0.4Ti_0.6Nb_0.4O₃ and Ba_0.3Na_0.7Ti_0.3Nb_0.7O₃ compositions of the (1 − x) BaTiO₃–xNaNbO₃ (BTNNx) system have been studied by X-ray diffraction and by measurements of dielectric properties. The specimens with composition BTNN (x = 0.015, 0.40 and 0.70) have been refined by the JANA program from X-ray powder diffraction data. Ceramic samples with composition (1 − x) BaTiO₃ + xNaNbO₃ (where x = 0.015, 0.40 and 0.70) were prepared by calcinations from appropriate mixture of BaCO₃, TiO₂, Na₂CO₃ and Nb₂O₅. The calcined powder was sintered at temperature range 1200–1400 °C. As the composition x increased from 0.015 (and 0.70), the ferroelectric ceramics (x = 0.015, FE) with tetragonal phase changed to the ferroelectric relaxors (RFE, x = 0.40). RFE ceramics showed a peculiar diffuse phase transition and dielectric relaxation at the low temperature (down to 180 K) due to a frustration between RFE and FE state. These ceramics present the classical ferroelectric character when 0 ≤ x < 0.075 and 0.55 < x ≤ 1 and relaxor character when 0.075 ≤ x ≤ 0.55.     

Magnetic, electrical and plastic properties of Fe76Nb2Si13B9, Fe75Ag1Nb2Si13B9 and Fe75Cu1Nb2Si13B9 amorphous alloys

Influence of 1 h annealing in vacuum on magnetic, electrical and plastic properties of Fe₇₆Nb₂Si₁₃B₉, Fe₇₅Ag₁Nb₂Si₁₃B₉ and Fe₇₅Cu₁Nb₂Si₁₃B₉ melt spun ribbons were carefully investigated. It was shown that in all cases soft magnetic properties can be significantly enhanced by applying 1-h annealing at characteristic temperatures T_op. This optimization annealing causes that permeability increases more than 15-times and magnetic losses (tangent of loss angle) achieves a minimum in relation to the as quenched state. Using structural examinations (X-ray and HRTEM) it was shown that for the Fe₇₅Cu₁Nb₂Si₁₃B₉ alloy the optimized microstructure corresponds to a nanocrystalline αFe(Si) phase whereas in other alloys to a relaxed amorphous phase free of iron nanograins. As a consequence of this fact the Fe₇₆Nb₂Si₁₃B₉ and Fe₇₅Ag₁Nb₂Si₁₃B₉ alloys show higher plasticity in comparison to the nanocrystalline Fe₇₅Cu₁Nb₂Si₁₃B₉ alloy. Temperatures of the first stage of crystallization, and related diffusion parameters were determined using measurements of resistivity versus temperature with different heating rates.     

Fe2+-Ni2+-NH3-NH4+-C2O42-H2O体系的沉淀配合平衡热力学

针对草酸盐配位共沉淀热分解还原法制备超细铁镍合金粉过程中Fe2+-Ni2+-NH3-NH4+-C2O42--H2O体系的溶液平衡建立热力学分析模型,并根据模型进行相关计算,揭示反应体系中各物质随pH值、氨及草酸浓度的变化关系。结果表明:溶液中的Fe主要以[Fe(C2O4)n]2 2n络合物形式存在,而铁氨络合物含量很低。当氨含量较低时,溶液中的Ni主要以[Ni(C2O4)n]2 2n存在;氨含量较高时,在酸性条件下,溶液中的Ni主要以[Ni(C2O4)n]2 2n存在,在碱性条件下,则主要以[Ni(NH3)n]2+存在。低pH值下,Ni的沉淀率较Fe的高,而高pH值下,Ni的沉淀率则较Fe的低。     

Thermodynamics and phase diagrams in the binary systems Na2O-SiO2, Na2O-GeO2, Na2O-B2O3, Li2O-B2O3, CaO-B2O3, SrO-B2O3, and BaO-B2O3

We applied our model to the enthalpy of mixing data of the binary systems Na₂O-SiO₂, Na₂O-GeO₂, Na₂O-B₂O₃, Li₂O-B₂O₃, CaO-B₂O₃, SrO-B₂O₃, and BaO-B₂O₃. The most stable composition in the liquid, that is where the enthalpy of mixing is most negative, is with a metal-oxygen ratio of 4 to 3, for monovalent metals (Na and Li) and 3 to 4 for divalent metals (Ba and Ca) in liquid silicates or borates. The same applies to the CaO-SiO₂, CaO-Al₂O₃, PbO-B₂O₃, PbO-SiO₂, ZnO-B₂O₃, and ZnO-SiO₂ systems. The oxygen to metal ratio, its constant value in various types of systems, reflects and describes the structure of the liquid. Using the analyzed enthalpies of mixing data and the available phase diagrams, we calculated the enthalpies of formation of the various binary compounds. The results are in excellent agreement with data in the literature that were obtained from direct solid-solid calorimetry.     

New Zr6CoAs2-type compounds: Y6CoBi2, Ho6CoBi2 and Tm6CoBi2

Results of a powder X-ray diffraction investigation of new ternary compounds are reported. The compounds Y₆CoBi₂ [a=0.8312(1) nm, c=0.4144(1) nm], Ho₆CoBi₂ [a=0.8246(2) nm, c=0.4095(1) nm], and Tm₆CoBi₂ [a=0.8155(2) nm, c=0.4066(1) nm] crystallize in the hexagonal Zr₆CoAs₂-type structure (space group P6b2m No. 189). The Zr₆CoAs₂-type structure is a superstructure of the Fe₂P-type structure.     

Al2O3-Sm2O3-CeO2电解质的性能（英文）

采用溶胶-凝胶法和低温燃烧技术制备Ce1-xSmxO2（x=0,0.1,0.2,0.3）和掺杂Sm和（2%-8%）Al2O3的二氧化铈;研究其合成、结构、致密化、导电性和热膨胀等性能,并利用XRD研究其结构和相组成。结果表明,于1300°C烧结球团,获得致密的陶瓷,于1250°C在Ce0.8Sm0.2O0.2中加入2%和4%的Al2O3以促进烧结。利用扫描电子显微镜观察烧结后球团的表面形貌,使用双探针交流阻抗谱研究总离子电导率。     

Zur Kenntnis von RbBa3Ca4Cu3V7O28

Single crystals of RbBa₃Ca₄Cu₃V₇O₂₈ were prepared above the melting point of the reaction mixture. It crystallizes with hexagonal symmetry, space group C_6V⁴-P6₃mc, a 11.1751, c 12.434 Å, Z = 2. RbBa₃Ca₄Cu₃V₇O₂₈ is the second member of a new structure type of the copper-oxovanadates. Ba²⁺ shows an unusual 12-fold coordination. The two calcium positions are coordinated by trigonal prisms and octahedra respectively. The copper coordination is characterized by a stretched square pyramid. The Cu²⁺ ions are outside the centre nearly in plane of the pyramids.

Zusammenfassung

Einkristalle von RbBa₃Ca₄Cu₃V₇O₂₈ wurden oberhalb des Schmelzpunktes der Reaktionsmischung erhalten. Die Verbindung kristallisiert hexagonal, Raumgruppe C_6V⁴-P6₃mc, a 11.1751, c 12.434 Å, Z = 2. RbBa₃Ca₄Cu₃V₇O₂₈ ist das zweite Beispiel für einen neuen Strukturtyp der Kupfer-Oxovanadate, mit 12-fach koordinierten Ba²⁺ -Ionen. Die zwei Calciumpositionen sind trigonal prismatisch bzw. oktaedrisch koordiniert. Die Koordination der Cu²⁺-Ionen ist durch eine gestreckte Pyramide charakterisiert. Cu²⁺ ist auβerhalb des Polyederzentrums nahezu in der quadratischen Fläche der Pyramide angeordnet.     

电弧喷涂制备Fe65Cr20Mo7B3.5SiMn1.5W3涂层

在Q235低碳钢板上利用电弧喷涂工艺进行喷涂,以制得Fe65Cr20Mo7B3.5SiMn1.5W3涂层。喷涂材料为自行配制的丝材,按照35%的填充率将配好的粉填充到U型不锈钢外皮中,经过多道拉拔、挤压工艺制成Φ2mm的粉芯丝材。采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、能谱分析仪、透射电镜对涂层的物相和组织形貌及成分进行了表征;采用差示扫描量热仪、显微硬度仪等设备对涂层的热稳定性及显微硬度进行了检测和分析。试验结果表明:涂层组织形貌呈典型的层状组织结构,由变形良好的带状粒子相互搭接堆积而成。涂层含有50.63%的非晶相,同时含有纳米级的晶相。涂层组织均匀、结构致密、孔隙率低,并且涂层硬度高达1040.5HV0.3,属硬质涂层,具有良好的热稳定性。     

Synthesis and electrochemical properties of LiNi0.4Mn1.5Cr0.1O4 and Li4Ti5O12

Spinel compound LiNi_0.4Mn_1.5Cr_0.1O₄ (LNMCO) and Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ (LTO) were synthesized by the sol-gel method and the solid-state method, respectively. The particle sizes of the products LiNi_0.4Mn_1.5Cr_0.1O₄ and Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ were 0.5 to 2 um and 0.5 to 0.8 um, respectively. All samples exhibited excellent electrochemical properties. A LiNi_0.4Mn_1.5Cr_0.1O₄/Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ (LNMCO/LTO) cell was fabricated and was demonstrated to exhibit good electrochemical properties at the high current rate of 1 C. When the specific capacity was determined based on the mass of the LNMCO cathode, the LNMCO/LTO cell delivered 125 mAh g⁻¹ at 1 C and 77 mAh g⁻¹ at 5 C. The capacity retentions after 30 cycles were 94.4 % and 83.1 %, respectively.