粉末冶金TC4-B4C原位反应制备TiC+TiB增强TC4基复合材料的显微组织和力学性能

以TC4和B₄C粉末为原料，通过放电等离子烧结法(SPS)并结合热挤压制备不同含量TiB和TiC增强TC4基复合材料，研究以TC4-B₄C为原位反应体系生成不同含量TiB和TiC对TMCs的微观组织和力学性能的影响规律及其高温力学性能。结果表明：原位生成的TiC和TiB与基体结合牢固，TiC呈类球形颗粒状，TiB呈晶须状；增强相在基体中呈现出沿一次颗粒边界分布的三维网络状形貌；与未增强TC4合金相比较，复合材料基体晶粒显著细化，并存在较高的位错密度，TC4基复合材料的室温和高温性能得到显著提升；在室温拉伸下，当B₄C的含量(质量分数)为0.5%时，基体的连通性较好，表现出较高的强度(抗拉强度1246 MPa)和较好的伸长率(12.4%)；在400℃下进行拉伸时，当B₄C的含量为1.64%时，TC4基复合材料的抗拉强度和伸长率分别为1112 MPa和6.9%。     

激光熔覆原位生长TiB2/TiC增强铁基涂层组织及性能

目的 采用激光熔覆技术在45钢表面制备原位生长的TiB₂、TiC陶瓷相,以提高铁基涂层的耐磨性能。方法 利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和能谱仪(EDS)研究铁基复合涂层的相组织、显微组织。使用显微硬度计、磨损实验机等仪器进行显微硬度和耐磨性的测试。结果 在铁基粉末中添加Ti、B₄C后,涂层原位生长出均匀分布的TiB₂、TiC陶瓷相,其数量随着(Ti+B₄C)添加量的增加而增多。经过扫描电镜结合EDS判定TiB₂多呈矩形形貌,TiC呈球形或花瓣状。在原位生长过程中,TiB₂优先形成,而TiC多依附在TiB₂周围,以颗粒状存在。铁基复合涂层的显微硬度随着(Ti+B₄C)添加量的增加逐级增加,质量分数为30%的(Ti+B₄C)复合涂层的硬度最高(1 086HV0.2),比铁基涂层(611HV0.2)的硬度提高了约0.78倍。复合涂层的磨损性能得到明显改善,其中质量分数为...     

基于Ti中间层的B4C复合陶瓷扩散连接接头界面微观组织与力学性能

碳化硼(B₄C)复合陶瓷以其高硬度、高熔点、良好的耐磨性以及吸收中子能力的特性,广泛应用于制造防弹装甲材料,原子反应堆控制以及耐磨耐高温结构材料等领域.文中采用中间层Ti箔对碳化硼复合陶瓷(B₄C-SiC-TiB₂)进行扩散连接,研究了连接温度对连接界面组织及接头力学性能的影响.结果表明,在连接温度1300 ~ 1450 ℃下成功扩散连接了B₄C-SiC-TiB₂复合陶瓷,Ti与B₄C反应生成TiB₂和TiC.随着连接温度的升高,反应层变厚,而过厚的反应层会对接头的性能造成不利影响.在连接温度1300 ℃时,反应层的平均厚度约为5 μm,此时获得较高的接头抗剪强度100 MPa;在连接温度1450 ℃时连接层基本为TiB₂和TiC陶瓷相,此时扩散连接接头可以获得较高硬度(25.4 GPa).     

Ti6Al4V合金表面氩弧熔覆原位合成TiC-TiB2增强钛基复合涂层组织与耐磨性

以B4C和Ni60A粉末为预涂材料,采用氩弧熔覆技术,在Ti6Al4V合金表面原位合成TiC与TiB₂增强相增强钛基复合材料涂层.运用XRD,SEM等分析手段研究了复合涂层的显微组织,利用显微硬度仪测试了复合涂层的显微硬度并用磨损试验机分析了其在室温干滑动磨损条件下的耐磨性能.结果表明,熔覆层组织主要由TiC和TiB₂组成,TiC颗粒和TiB₂颗粒弥散分布在基体上,TiC颗粒的尺寸为2~3μm,而呈长条状的TiB₂颗粒尺寸为3~5μm.显微硬度和耐磨性测试结果表明,该复合涂层显微维氏硬度高达1200MPa左右,复合涂层的耐磨性能比Ti6Al4V基体提高约20倍.     

TIG熔覆原位自生TiC-TiB2/Fe复合涂层

利用氩弧作为热源,以G302铁基合金粉、FeTi70粉和B₄C粉作为原料粉末,在Q235表面原位生成TiC-TiB₂增强的铁基复合涂层. 采用一系列的分析测试方法对涂层进行了表征,结果表明,氩弧熔覆过程冶金反应充分,熔覆层中生成了TiC,TiB₂和M₇C₃等硬质增强相;熔覆层组织呈现出由母材界面到熔覆层表面硬质相逐渐增多的梯度分布特征. 增加FeTi70和B₄C粉末比例提高了熔覆层硬度,质量比为G302:FeTi70:B₄C=6:3:1时,试样最大硬度达到976 HV0.1,是母材硬度的5倍左右. 在与GCr15钢对磨时,熔覆试样磨损量仅为Q235钢的1/30左右,熔覆层磨损表面基本无塑性变形痕迹,涂层中坚硬的TiC,TiB₂陶瓷相起到阻磨作用.     

TiB+TiC含量对锻态钛基复合材料微观组织及力学性能的影响

通过3次真空自耗电弧熔炼、自由锻+旋锻的方式制备了不同TiB+TiC含量的颗粒增强钛基复合材料,研究了TiB+TiC含量对锻态钛基复合材料组织与力学性能的影响。结果表明,添加的B4C在基体中完全反应,TiC为唯一碳化物,TiB为唯一硼化物。经锻造后,钛基复合材料横向组织由球状、片状α相和包围在四周的β相组成,短棒状和块状增强相离散分布,而纵向组织由沿着流变方向被拉长的α相和β相组成,增强相沿着流变方向排列分布。当TiB+TiC含量为5vol%时,钛基复合材料表现出优异的综合性能,抗拉强度达到1291 MPa,延伸率为8.5%,磨损体积较相同工艺制备的TC4钛合金减少25%。当TiB+TiC含量增加到10vol%时,粗大的TiB增强相和微孔缺陷数量大幅增加,钛基复合材料的塑性和耐磨性被削弱。     

TiB、TiC和Y2O3增强钛基复合材料的蠕变行为和组织演变(英文)

采用感应熔炼法制备(TiB+TiC)和(TiB+TiC+Y₂O₃)增强钛基复合材料。蠕变试验在650℃和120～160 MPa下进行，通过XRD、SEM和TEM对铸态试样和蠕变试样的显微组织演变进行详细表征。结果表明，两种复合材料的铸态组织均为网篮组织。在相同的蠕变条件下，添加Y₂O₃的复合材料具有更低的稳态蠕变速率。蠕变后，在α/β界面、溶解的β相和增强体周围有硅化物析出，这些硅化物对位错有很强的钉扎作用。因为存在贯穿TiB晶须的层错结构，所以TiB周围的硅化物尺寸明显大于TiC和Y₂O₃周围的硅化物尺寸。蠕变变形主要受溶质阻力控制，位错运动还受到α/β界面、增强相和硅化物的影响。     

超重力场反应加工TiB2基凝固陶瓷——Ti-6Al-4V多尺度多层次复合研究

采用超重力场反应加工技术,通过陶瓷-钛合金之间熔化连接与原子互扩散,制备出TiB2基凝固陶瓷—Ti-6Al-4V层状复合材料。XRD、FESEM及EDS分析发现,正是作为陶瓷基体相的TiB2片晶(或板晶)可诱发强烈的自增韧机制,使TiC-TiB2细晶凝固陶瓷具有高的弯曲强度与断裂韧性,并且也正是因在超重力场反应加工引发的热真空环境下钛合金与液态陶瓷发生熔化连接与原子互扩散,进而在凝固后期相继诱发TiB2与Ti液的包晶反应、TiB自钛液的析晶反应及TiB与钛液的共晶反应,最终实现以TiB2、TiB尺寸与分布为特征的陶瓷—钛合金多尺度(微米—亚微米—微纳米)多层次(TiC/TiB2—TiC1-x/TiB/TiB2—TiB2/Ti/TiC1-x/TiB—TiB2/TiC1-x/TiB/Ti—TiB/TiC1-x/Ti—TiC1-x/Ti—Ti)复合。     

激光熔覆原位合成陶瓷相增强铁基熔覆层的组织和性能

利用6 kW光纤激光器在Cr12MoV汽车模具钢表面激光熔覆含有Ti-Fe,B₄C粉末的铁基合金粉,在汽车模具钢表面直接原位合成TiC+TiB₂颗粒增强的铁基合金复合涂层.涂层与基体呈良好的冶金结合,涂层组织细小,结构致密,宏观质量较好. XRD分析结果表明,涂层组织由α-Fe,TiC,TiB₂组成. TiC,TiB₂相均匀分布于熔覆层中.由于TiC,TiB₂硬质相的形成以及激光的快速凝固冷却获得的细晶组织,使得熔覆层的显微维氏硬度有了明显提高.在距离熔覆层表面1.2 mm处显微维氏硬度高达1000 HV,有利于促进熔覆层耐磨性的提高.     

原位TiB/Ti复合材料熔体停止流动机理研究

采用自蔓延高温合成-感应熔炼制备了原位TiB/Ti复合材料。通过对钛基复合材料熔体停止流动前沿显微组织的观察,结合钛基体合金的停止流动机理,研究了原位TiB/Ti复合材料熔体的停止流动机理,并建立了钛基复合材料熔体的停止流动模型。研究发现,在停止流动前沿,TiB增强相呈漩涡状分布,在其前面存在一个几乎全是基体合金的合金带。     

In situ technique for synthesizing multiple ceramic particulates reinforced titanium matrix composites (TiB + TiC + Y2O3)/Ti

In situ synthesized titanium matrix composites reinforced with multiple ceramic particulates including TiB, TiC and Y₂O₃ were fabricated by non-consumable arc-melting technique utilizing the chemical reaction among Ti, B₂O₃, B₄C and Y. The thermodynamic feasibility of the in situ reactions has been considered. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to identify the phases in the composites. Microstructures of the composites were observed by means of optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and electron probe. It is concluded that multiple reinforcements are synthesized and they show different shapes: TiB grows in needle shape; TiC grows in near-equiaxed and rod-like shapes; Y₂O₃ grows in near-equiaxed shapes when the content of Y is 0.6 wt.% and grows in dendritic shapes when the content of Y increases to 1.8 wt.%. Reinforcements TiB, TiC and Y₂O₃ are distributed uniformly in the titanium matrix.     

Selective Laser Melting of In Situ TiB/Ti6Al4V Composites: Formability,Microstructure Evolution and Mechanical Performance

In the present study, a series of in situ TiB/Ti6Al4V composites were fabricated using selective laser melting. The formability, microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of the as-built samples added with different contents of TiB_2 were studied. It is found that the densification level is related to both the content of TiB_2 and laser energy density. The added TiB_2 reinforcement particle can spontaneously react with titanium and then form the TiB phase. The needle-like TiB phase tends to transform into dot-like particles with the decrease in energy density. Additionally, with the increase in TiB_2 content, the TiB phase is coarsened due to the increased nucleation rate and more reactions. The grain morphology is found to largely depend on the translational speed of solid–fluid interface determined by the temperature gradient and cooling rate. Also, the microhardness of the as-built TiB/Ti6Al4V composites is obviously improved. More interestingly, as the energy density increases, the microhardness of the as-built TiB/Ti6Al4V composites firstly increases and then decreases due to the synergy of grain size and different morphologies and distribution of TiB phases. The wear resistance of TiB/Ti6Al4V composites is far superior to that of Ti6Al4V alloy owing to the increased microhardness resulted from the uniform distribution of the hard TiB phase in the matrix.     

Densification, microstructure and mechanical properties of TiB2-B4C based composites

The effect of boron carbide (B₄C) additions on the densification and sintering behavior of a titanium diboride (TiB₂) matrix was determined. Due to the milling process, iron and tungsten carbides (WC-Co) were included as a contaminant or a third phase in the composite. When adding from 10 to 30 wt% of B₄C to TiB₂ along with 0.5 wt% Fe sintered densities were increased from 96 to 99.9%. A small amount (0.5 wt% Fe) enhanced densification of TiB₂. However, larger quantity (5 wt% Fe) leads to volatilization of the iron when sintering at high temperature and exaggerated grain growth. Solid solutions of (Ti,W)B₂ were also detected when 3 wt% WC-Co was present. Microstructural coarsening was inhibited by incorporation of B₄C particles and mechanical properties were consequently improved.     

Effects of Forming Conditions and TiC–TiB_2 Contents on the Microstructures of Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesized NiAl–TiC–TiB_2 Composites

The NiAl–TiC–TiB2 composites were processed by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis(SHS) method using raw powders of Ni, Al, Ti, B4 C, TiC, and TiB2, and their microstructure and micro-hardness were investigated. The TiC–TiB2 in NiAl matrix, with contents from 10 to 30 wt%, emerged with the use of two methods: in situ formed and externally added. The results show that all final products are composed of three phases of NiAl, TiC, and TiB2. The microstructures of NiAl–TiC–TiB2 composites with in situ-formed TiC and TiB2 are fine, and all the three phases are distributed uniformly. The grains of NiAl matrix in the composites have been greatly refined, and the micro-hardness of NiAl increases from 381 HV100 to 779 HV100. However, the microstructures of NiAl–TiC–TiB2 composites with externally added TiC and TiB2 are coarse and inhomogeneous, with severe agglomeration of TiC and TiB2 particles. The samples containing externally added 30 wt% TiC–TiB2attain the micro-hardness of 485 HV100. The microstructure evolution and fracture mode of the two kinds of NiAl–TiC–TiB2 composites are different.     

Characterization of In-situ Titanium Matrix Composites Prepared by Laser Melting Deposition

Preliminary characterization of microstructure and mechanical properties of (TiB+TiC)/TC4 and TiC/Ti60 in-situ titanium matrix composites prepared by laser melting deposition is reported in this paper. The results indicate that in-situ reaction occurred during laser melting deposition of coaxially fed mixed powders from TC4 and B4C with formation of form TiB and TiC reinforcement. For TiC/Ti60 composites, there are some un-melted TiC particles and re-solidified TiC particles appeared as discontinuous chain-...     

氩弧熔覆原位合成TiC-TiB2复合抗氧化涂层

为了提高石墨电极的高温抗氧化性能,以钛粉和B₄C粉为原料,采用氩弧熔覆技术在石墨电极表面原位反应合成TiC-TiB₂复合涂层. 利用X射线衍射分析、蔡司电子显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对涂层的组织形貌和物相组成进行了分析,利用间歇法测试了TiC-TiB₂复合涂层的高温抗氧化性能. 结果表明,熔覆层由花瓣状的TiC颗粒和棒状的TiB₂颗粒组成,熔覆层与石墨基体热匹配性好,表面无裂纹和气孔等缺陷,且熔覆层具有良好的抗高温氧化性能,1 300℃高温氧化6 h,氧化增重率为0.546 mg/mm2·h-1.     

In-Situ (TiB+TiC) particulate reinforced titanium matrix composites: Effect of B4C size and content

This study investigated the microstructure and tensile behavior of (TiB+TiC) reinforced titanium matrix composites (TMCs) using an in-situ reaction between Ti and B₄C. Different B4C sizes (1,500 and 150 μm) and contents (0.94, 1.88 and 3.76 mass%) were added to pure Ti to produce 5, 10, and 20 vol% (TiB+TiC) reinforced TMCs. In-situ synthesized TiB and TiC reinforcements prepared with 150 μm B₄C were very fine, and were distributed more homogeneously than the 1,500 μm B₄C. As the TiB and TiC contents increased, the tensile strength increased and the ductility decreased compared to unreinforced pure Ti. The improvements in the tensile strength of TMCs were obtained by load transfer strengthening and an alpha-Ti matrix grain reduction of 9–26%. In addition, the TMCs produced using 150 μm B₄C showed a greater tensile elongation of approximately 61–117%, with a slightly improved strength compared to that with 1,500 μm B₄C. The tensile elongation of TMCs obtained with 150 μm B₄C was enhanced because the coarse reinforcements produced by 1,500 μm B₄C were more easily and frequently cracked at the fracture surface.     

Ti-6Al-4V合金表面激光熔覆TiAlSi+xB4C涂层的组织及耐磨性

利用激光熔覆在Ti-6Al-4V合金表面制备了TiAlSi+xB₄C涂层,分析比较不同B₄C含量对于涂层显微组织、显微硬度和耐磨性能的影响。结果表明:B₄C含量不同,涂层中的物相种类差别不大;涂层的微观形貌由颗粒状晶、层状晶、胞状晶和短棒状晶组成;不同B₄C含量涂层的显微硬度分布趋势大致相同,与基材相比均有明显的提高,随着B₄C含量的增高,整体上涂层显微硬度逐渐增大,当B₄C的含量为8%时,涂层的显微硬度最高,达到1216 HV0.1,约为基体的4.2倍;而当B₄C含量过高时,涂层硬度降低,且涂层中出现微裂纹。通过磨损试验表明,不同B₄C含量的涂层耐磨损性能均明显的优于Ti-6Al-4V合金基体,含8%B₄C的涂层磨损量最小。熔覆不同含量B₄C的涂层明显改善了基体Ti-6Al-4V合金的表面性能。