生物陶瓷支架的功能改性及应用研究进展

生物陶瓷支架具有良好的生物相容性和引导组织再生特性, 并可提供多孔的表面形貌和孔道结构, 以促进新生组织的长入, 在硬组织修复和骨组织工程支架领域获得了广泛的关注和临床应用。当前, 生物陶瓷支架仍然存在骨诱导活性差、生物功能单一、力学性能差等缺陷, 极大限制了它们的临床治疗效果和应用范围。本文从生物陶瓷支架的功能改性角度出发, 对材料实施表面功能涂层修饰、微纳结构改性、功能元素掺杂、力学增强等策略, 及其在改善植入体生物相容性、促进成骨活性、药物递送、抗肿瘤和抗菌等方面的应用进展进行了归纳和总结, 并对功能改性生物陶瓷支架的未来发展趋势作了展望。     

激光技术制备生物陶瓷涂层的研究现状与展望

羟基磷灰石等生物陶瓷材料具有优良的生物相容性和生物活性,但其强度较低的力学性能限制了其广泛应用。在综合力学性能优良,生物活性有限的医用钛合金表面制备生物陶瓷涂层,能够扬长避短,充分发挥二者的优点,具有巨大的市场与应用价值,是国内外的研究热点。利用激光技术改性或制备生物陶瓷涂层,主要有以下几个领域的应用与研究:激光表面熔凝与其他涂层技术相结合;脉冲激光沉积法;激光熔覆等方法。本文全面阐述了国内外激光表面改性生物陶瓷涂层的研究现状与研究进展,并对其工艺与理论发展进行了展望。     

医用镁合金植入材料的发展策略及演进趋势EI北大核心

镁合金凭借其优异的生物安全性、生物诱导性、生物相容性及可贵的自降解性能,在骨植入及心血管支架领域具有广泛的临床应用前景。本文从合金化、制备方法、热处理及表面改性这四方面系统综述了近年来医用镁合金的研究进展,重点分析了各种工艺及表面改性方法的基本原理、技术优劣势,总结了它们对镁合金组织、性能的影响。针对镁合金临床应用的瓶颈,提出医用镁合金植入材料的最佳发展策略:一方面,通过合金化、制备方法及热处理三种工艺的协同耦合实现与自然骨组织力学行为的有效匹配;另一方面,通过表面改性处理实现对镁合金降解速率的精准调控。通过两种或多种表面改性技术的组合与交互来实现多功能性需求将成为未来镁合金表面改性技术的主要演进趋势。     

医用镁合金植入材料的发展策略及演进趋势

镁合金凭借其优异的生物安全性、生物诱导性、生物相容性及可贵的自降解性能,在骨植入及心血管支架领域具有广泛的临床应用前景。本文从合金化、制备方法、热处理及表面改性这四方面系统综述了近年来医用镁合金的研究进展,重点分析了各种工艺及表面改性方法的基本原理、技术优劣势,总结了它们对镁合金组织、性能的影响。针对镁合金临床应用的瓶颈,提出医用镁合金植入材料的最佳发展策略：一方面,通过合金化、制备方法及热处理三种工艺的协同耦合实现与自然骨组织力学行为的有效匹配;另一方面,通过表面改性处理实现对镁合金降解速率的精准调控。通过两种或多种表面改性技术的组合与交互来实现多功能性需求将成为未来镁合金表面改性技术的主要演进趋势。     

聚氨酯表面性能对其生物相容性的影响

特殊的微相分离结构,赋予聚氨酯弹性体良好的稳定性、优异的力学性能以及较好的生物相容性,已被广泛应用于生物医学领域.但其生物相容性仍不够理想.由于材料的生物相容性与材料表面的性质密切相关,对材料表面进行改性成为改善相容性的重要方法和途径,其研究受到广泛关注.对聚氨酯进行改性的诸多方法中,在材料表面进行化学接枝生物活性物质以提高生物相容性的方法是目前研究的热点.本文在对聚氨酯进行改性以提高其生物相容性的各种方法和途径进行评述的基础上,对聚氨酯表面结构性能与生物相容性的关系进行讨论,并重点对该研究领域的最新进展进行总结.     

燃烧合成制备生物陶瓷涂层的开发研究

简要介绍了燃烧合成表面涂层技术这种新兴表面改性技术的原理和应用,并阐述了本单位采用此法在生物陶瓷涂层制备方面的开发和研究.结果表明,燃烧合成制备生物陶瓷涂层有利于提高材料的生物活性和生物相容性,具有较大的应用前景.     

C/C复合材料表面生物活性涂层的研究进展

C/C复合材料继承了碳材料固有的生物相容性,具有优异的力学性能,尤其是其弹性模量与人骨相当,且该材料的三维多孔结构有利于细胞的进入、生长和发育,因此在骨修复和骨替代方面有较好的应用前景。但C/C复合材料亲水性能较差,且为生物惰性材料,因此改性C/C复合材料表面生物活性被广泛研究。本文综述了近年来在C/C复合材料表面制备不同生物活性涂层的研究进展,并提出存在的问题和未来展望。     

硅替代纳米羟基磷灰石的研究进展

硅元素掺杂羟基磷灰石可有效提高移植骨组织生物活性和生物相容性,在骨修复材料领域有着广泛的研究。概述了硅元素在骨修复材料中的作用,硅替代纳米羟基磷灰石粉体的制备、表征方法、替代机理及硅替代羟基磷灰石生物陶瓷在体内、体外实验中的最新研究成果,同时综述了硅替代羟基磷灰石目前存在的一些问题和其在骨修复材料方面的发展前景。     

通用高分子材料的化学和生物改性及其血液相容性研究

功能化与高性能化的通用高分子材料在医用耗材及器械领域有着广泛的应用。作为重要的医用材料之一,血液相容性是首先需要解决的关键科学问题。通用高分子的血液相容性可通过化学和生物修饰来实现。采用的方法大体分为本体改性和表面改性。本体改性主要通过反应接枝和反应共混实现;而表面改性则主要通过在材料表面制备亲水性聚合物刷或亲水层、固定生物活性分子和形成生物仿生膜3种方法来实现。目前,生物材料的血液相容性研究主要集中在血浆蛋白吸附、血小板粘附和红细胞溶血3个方面。结合本课题组近期在生物医用材料领域的研究成果,简要介绍了国内外近年来通用高分子材料的化学和生物改性及其血液相容性研究进展。     

离子注入对聚合物材料表面改性的研究与应用进展

离子注入对聚合物材料表面改性有着独特的优越性,文中介绍离子注入技术在聚合物材料表面的力学性能、电学性能、光学性能、生物相容性能等方面改性的最新研究与应用进展。     

3维打印用聚乳酸材料的改性研究进展

聚乳酸材料具有环保可生物降解性的优点,故其经常作为3维(3D)打印的原材料使用,然而其自身的脆性大、玻璃化温度低和热稳定性差等缺点,限制了该类材料的进一步应用和推广。所以对聚乳酸进行改性研究,改善它的力学性能或者耐热性能,从而扩大其在3D打印领域的应用具有很重要的研究意义。综述了聚乳酸材料的改性方法以及相关研究进展,主要从物理改性和化学改性等两类改性方法来分析聚乳酸改性的研究现状,总结分析了两类改性方法面临的问题并展望其前景,还对改性后的聚乳酸材料的应用进展进行总结与展望。     

Hybrid bioceramics with metals and polymers for better biomaterials

The number of people needing artificial bones and teeth will rapidly increase in the world. Hydroxyapaptite (HAp) is known to be a suitable ceramic owing to its biological affinity. However, its use in artificial joints and dental roots is difficult due to its poor mechanical properties. A new method to implant HAp granules into superplastic titanium alloy has been developed. We also succeeded to enhance the biomimetic growth of calcium phosphate on biological fibres (cellulose and chitin) through their surface modification by phosphorylation or silane coupling. This hybrid material may be used as virus filters, artificial trachea etc. The future of hybrid bioceramic materials appears to be promising.     

Novel method of preparing hydroxyapatite foams

Porous scaffolds are considered a key strategy in the concept of bone tissue engineering. Hydroxyapatite, which is a bioceramic has been used as a popular scaffold material due to its bioactive and osteoconductive properties. A combination of slurry-dipping and electrospraying has been used as a new foam fabrication method to produce porous and interconnected foam structures. The combined method has shown to overcome the shortcomings of the individual methods and it has produced open pores in the desired range of 100–350 μm. The porosity which was determined by calculation and microtomography was between 84% and 88%. Reduced cracks and thicker struts were observed in the microstructure, pointing to improved mechanical properties.     

羰基铁室温硫化硅橡胶复合材料的吸波性能EI北大核心CSCD

为制备兼具力学性能和电磁吸收性能的高带宽吸波材料,采用纳米粒子改性及物理共混法设计制备一种以聚二甲基硅氧烷为基体的羰基铁室温硫化硅橡胶复合材料,系统地分析了该复合材料的力学性能与吸波性能。结果表明:当白炭黑质量分数为3%时,复合材料的综合力学性能最佳,便于材料加工;该复合材料为磁损耗型吸波材料,材料的衰减常数随羰基铁含量和频率呈正相关。根据仿真计算得出,在2~18 GHz下,随着复合材料厚度和羰基铁含量增加,电磁波的吸收峰都逐渐向低频移动,当复合材料的厚度为1.5 mm且羰基铁质量分数为75%时,吸波材料有效吸收带宽可以达到9.07 GHz,占目标带宽56.68%。在实际应用中可根据应用场景需求来优化配方和控制材料厚度,达到最佳的吸波效果。     

Improving cell adhesion: development of a biosensor for cell behaviour monitoring by surface grafting of sulfonic groups onto a thermoplastic polyurethane

The surface properties of a material in combination with the mechanical properties are responsible for the material performance in a biological environment as well as the behaviour of the cells which contact with the material. Surface properties such as chemical, physical, biological play an important role in the biomaterials filed. In this work, the surface of a thermoplastic polyurethane film (Elastollan^®1180A50) was tailored with sulfonic groups by grafting [2-(methacryloxyl)ethyl]-dimethyl-(3-sulfopropyl)-ammonium hydroxide (SB) after a previous surface activation either by Argon plasma or by ultra-violet irradiation. This surface modification had the purpose of improving cell adhesion in order to develop a biosensor able to monitor cell behaviour. The surfaces were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, by atomic force microscopy and by contact angle measurements in order to evaluate the efficiency of the modification. Additionally, blood compatibility studies and cell adhesion tests with human bone marrow cells were performed. These methods allowed the grafting of SB and the results indicate that a higher density of grafting was achieved with previous surface plasma treatment than with UV irradiation. However, for both techniques, the presence of SB functional groups led to a decrease of hydrophobicity and roughness of the surface, together with an improvement of the materials biological performance.     

Tuning polycaprolactone-carbon nanotube composites for bone tissue engineering scaffolds

This report describes the mechanical, thermal and biological characterisation of a solid free form microfabricated carbon nanotube-polycaprolactone composite, in which both the quantity of nanotubes in the matrix as well as the scaffold design were varied in order to tune the mechanical properties of the material. The creep and stress relaxation behaviour of the composite material was analysed to identify an optimal composition for bone tissue engineering. Moreover, the morphology and viability of osteoblast-like cells (MG63) on composite scaffolds were analysed using scanning electron microscopy and MTT assays. Our data demonstrate that by changing the ratio of CNT to PCL, the elastic modulus of the nanocomposite can be varied between 10 and 75 MPa. In this range, the geometry of the scaffold can be used to finely tune its stiffness. However our PCL-CNT nanocomposites were able to sustain osteoblast proliferation and modulate cell morphology. Thus we show the potential of custom designed CNT nanocomposites for bone tissue engineering.     

Multiscale Experimental Mechanics of Hierarchical Carbon‐Based Materials

Investigation of the mechanics of natural materials, such as spider silk, abalone shells, and bone, has provided great insight into the design of materials that can simultaneously achieve high specific strength and toughness. Research has shown that their emergent mechanical properties are owed in part to their specific self‐organization in hierarchical molecular structures, from nanoscale to macroscale, as well as their mixing and bonding. To apply these findings to manmade materials, researchers have devoted significant efforts in developing a fundamental understanding of multiscale mechanics of materials and its application to the design of novel materials with superior mechanical performance. These efforts included the utilization of some of the most promising carbon‐based nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, and graphene, together with a variety of matrix materials. At the core of these efforts lies the need to characterize material mechanical behavior across multiple length scales starting from nanoscale characterization of constituents and their interactions to emerging micro‐ and macroscale properties. In this report, progress made in experimental tools and methods currently used for material characterization across multiple length scales is reviewed, as well as a discussion of how they have impacted our current understanding of the mechanics of hierarchical carbon‐based materials. In addition, insight is provided into strategies for bridging experiments across length scales, which are essential in establishing a multiscale characterization approach. While the focus of this progress report is in experimental methods, their concerted use with theoretical‐computational approaches towards the establishment of a robust material by design methodology is also discussed, which can pave the way for the development of novel materials possessing unprecedented mechanical properties.     

表面改性在生物医用材料研究中的应用

在植入物体性能较好的基础上,表面性能是决定其生物相容性是否良好的至关重要因素。本文针对硬组织和与血液相接触的金属植入物,对表面改性技术、表面改性膜层特点及其应用进行了综合评述,探讨了通过表面改性提高植入物生物相容性的机理,并指出了生物医用材料表面改性的研究发展方向。     

仿生有序结构羟基磷灰石研究进展

羟基磷灰石(hydroxyapatite,HAP)与人体硬组织主要无机组分具有相同的化学组成,因而被认为具备良好的生物相容性、可降解性和生物活性,并已在生物医学领域得到广泛应用。迄今为止,形态丰富的HAP纳米材料及其合成方法已经被报道出来,但是具有仿生有序结构的HAP材料及其制备方法仍然是相关领域最具挑战性的方向。在包括牙釉质、皮质骨和松质骨在内的硬组织中,纳米尺度的HAP通常会按照人体受力分布情况呈可控有序结构排列。因此,通过仿生天然硬组织微结构实现HAP的可控有序组装,有望进一步提升传统HAP基生物材料的力学和生物学性能。近年来,包括氧化铝模板法、有机溶剂/小分子调控法、磷酸氢钙相转化法、高分子/蛋白分子诱导矿化法、冷冻铸造等在内的HAP有序结构制备方法已经被发展出来,并实现了在纳米、微米等尺度上有序结构的制备。最近,作者课题组报道了HAP纳米线的扩大化溶剂热制备方法,并进一步提出了适用于控制HAP纳米线有序排列的表面小分子介导的液相自组装策略,获得了尺寸和方向均可控的宏观尺度HAP纳米线仿生有序结构。相比于传统无序结构HAP基生物材料,具有仿生有序结构的HAP表现出了良好的力学和生物学性能,对新型无机生物材料的设计、制备及其生物医学应用研究具有重要的指导意义。综述了仿生有序结构HAP的研究进展,包括其结构组成、合成方法及调控机制,最后总结了仿生有序结构HAP研究领域当前面临的挑战以及未来的发展前景。