履带可变形机器人越障性能研究

将椭圆定理应用于履带机器人构型设计,研制了履带连续张紧且履带长度保持不变的履带可变形机器人.该机器人重心位置可以通过摆臂转动进行较大幅度的调节,具有较好的越障性能.为充分了解机器人的越障能力,对机器人跨越台阶和沟壑两种典型障碍的运动过程进行了分析.在机器人跨越障碍运动机理的基础上,对越障过程中的关键状态进行了运动学和动力学分析,根据实际情况,选择几何条件、打滑以及稳定性作为约束条件,得到了机器人能跨越的最大障碍的理论值.最后,建立机器人仿真平台,根据理论计算得到的障碍值,对攀爬台阶和跨越沟壑进行仿真实验,并进一步进行了样机实验,验证了机器人的越障能力.     

摇杆式履带悬架的构型推衍及其在煤矿救灾机器人上的应用

为使机器人行走机构既能被动地适应崎岖的非结构地形,又能克服台阶、沟道等规则障碍,将履带行 走机构引入摇杆式移动系统中．通过增加摆臂履带和固定关节角,推衍了多种型式的摇杆式履带悬架构型,分析了 各悬架构型的特点．结合煤矿井下非结构的地形环境与爆炸性气体环境,提出了一种采用对称的W 形履带悬架的 摇杆式履带机器人移动系统,并制作了样机．分析了该移动系统的抗倾覆、攀爬台阶、下台阶、跨越沟道等越障特 性并进行了性能试验．性能分析与样机试验表明,摇杆式履带机器人移动平台可适应复杂的非结构地形,具有良好 的越障性能,可攀爬100 mm 高的台阶,下450 mm 高的台阶,跨越260 mm 宽的沟道．     

主从履带复合式机器人越障研究

针对机器人越障过程中的重心位置变化情况,提出一种主从履带复合式机器人越障研究方法。给出机器人样机模型,研究样机的重心变化规律和主履带系统链轮的负载扭矩变化规律,并进行越障和楼梯仿真分析。仿真结果表明,重心变化是影响越障和爬越楼梯成功与否的关键因素,样机重心位置发生变化时,履带系统链轮转矩将出现最大值。     

一种基于行星履带轮越障与混合双吸附补偿的爬壁机器人的设计与研究

针对爬壁机器人在复杂壁面工作时越障能力弱、移动迟缓和吸附力不足等问题,设计了一种基于行星履带轮越障与混合双吸附补偿的爬壁机器人,并对壁面移动和越障的性能进行研究。首先根据机器人在壁面上的运动原理,建立其力学模型,计算出沿壁面移动和越障所需的吸附力;进一步结合其受力情况,对越障过程中爬升阶段和跨越阶段的吸附力补偿模型和行...     

一种多模式全向移动机器人攀爬楼梯的步态

针对移动机器人在户外运动中所遇到的台阶、楼梯等复杂地形,设计了一种可攀爬楼梯的多模式全向移动机器人。通过切换运动模态,该机器人既能像传统移动机器人一样快速移动,又具备了足式机器人的越障能力。首先,分析并构建了多模式全向移动机器人的运动学模型;其次,研究了该机器人越障能力和质心位置之间的关系并计算了该机器人可以翻越台阶的...     

富钴结壳轮式集矿机越障性能研究

该文针对深海富钴结壳集矿机必须适应复杂恶劣地形和强的越障性能,提出一种四轮独立驱动的轮式钴结壳集矿机行走机构。通过对轮式集矿机越障机理的分析,研究了轮式集矿机通过陡坡、台阶和壕沟等典型地形的受力情况,并分析了集矿机重心位置与集矿机越障性能的关系。建立了基于ADAMS软件的集矿机虚拟样机模型和典型地面,对集矿机的典型地形越障过程进行了动力学仿真分析,仿真结果表明:轮式集矿机的最大爬坡角度不小于30,°最大可通过的台阶高度和壕沟宽度不小于车轮半径,具有很好的越障性能,是一种可行的钴结壳集矿机行走方式。     

地面移动机器人越障动力学建模与分析

对采用轮—腿—履带复合型移动机构的地面移动机器人进行了研究,首先分别描述了机器人采用腿—履带、轮—腿—履带两种方式的越障过程,进而对腿—履带复合越障过程进行了动力学建模,分析了电机驱动力矩与机器人速度及障碍物高度等之间的关系,为确定机器人的复杂环境适应能力提供理论依据.     

架空线移动机器人行走越障特点

面向电力巡检及维护作业任务需求,以电力输电线路为对象,分析了架空线移动机器人运动环境的特点,对典型架空线移动机器人行走越障过程的特点以及质心调节的影响情况进行了分析,探讨了机器人质心调节方法.提出了一种新型双臂四轮机器人结构以及被动适应的手臂方案,并提出了一种主被动结合的运动协调控制方法.提出的方法在巡检机器人系统中得到了实际应用,实验室模拟线路及实际线路的运行情况表明了机器人系统设计的合理性以及所提出方法的有效性.     

可重构机器人越障运动的规划

提出一种新型的可重构机器人，该机器人在受一个驱动力矩的作用时，在不同约束下表现的输出形式不同. 利用机构这一特点，实现了机器人移动中的自主越障运动．主要针对机器人越障运动中越障高度受导轮和手臂影响的问题，提出一种借助环境同时改变手臂姿态的越障规划方法，有效地提高了越障的高度．通过试验样机验证了规划方法的有效性．     

主从履带复合式越障机器人软土行走研究

分析了履带行走系统的力学系统原理,并采用多体动力学软件RecurDyn对主从履带复合式越障机器人虚拟样机在平地软土路面环境中的行走状态进行了仿真分析。仿真结果表明,由于样机的重心位置没有与几何中心位置重合,导致引导轮下履带沉陷量较大,而压力分配不均匀又可能导致履带局部接地,降低履带寿命,因此设计时要注意车体重心的合理分配问题。     

Design and Control of 6-DOF Mechanism for Twin-Frame Mobile Robot

A new lightweight six-legged robot that uses a simple mechanism and can move and work with high efficiency has been developed. This robot consists of two leg-bases with three legs each, and walks by moving each leg-base alternately. These leg-bases are connected to each other with a 6 degrees of freedom (DOF) mechanism. While designing this robot, the output force, velocity, and workspace of various connection mechanisms were compared, and the results showed that good performance could be achieved with a serial/parallel hybrid mechanism. The serial/parallel hybrid mechanism consists of three 6-DOF serially linked arms positioned with radial symmetry about the center of each leg-base; each leg-base is composed of two active and four passive joints. Walking experiments with this robot confirmed that this mechanism has satisfactory performance not only as a walking robot, but also as an active walking platform. Furthermore, in this robot, the entire leg-drive mechanism acts as a 6-axis force sensor, and individual sensors at the feet are not necessary. The forces and moments can be calculated from the changes in the joint angles. Experiments conducted verified that smooth contact with the ground by the swing-leg and successful switching from swing to support leg can be achieved using this force control and force measurement method.     

Selection of two arm-swing strategies for bipedal walking to enhance both stability and efficiency

Walking ability, which involves mainly stability and efficiency, is one of the most important issues in humanoid robots. Effective use of a robot’s arms is expected to improve its walking ability under its body constraints. Although several types of arm-swing strategies have been proposed, they are difficult to execute simultaneously. We propose two-stage integration of these strategies to enhance both stability and efficiency. A selection algorithm for locomotion (SAL) selects the appropriate strategy according to the demands of the situation. In the first stage, two strategies are evaluated. One of them, Ro-SAL, entails use and compensation of the moment of the swing leg by hip rotation and arm swing. The other strategy, Su-SAL, entails the support of center of gravity trajectory tracking based on a predictive control. Ro-SAL is effective for the stable state and states with internal model error, whereas Su-SAL is effective in states with external force and environmental complexity. In the second stage of the proposed method (AS-SAL), the robot recognizes the current state and selects the optimal combination of the two arm-swing strategies. As a result, a humanoid robot can exhibit more efficient, stable bipedal walking without falling.     

拟人机器人TH-1手臂运动学

拟人机器人手臂的主要特点是它的运动功能，能够实现握手、行走时掌握平衡等动作．本文 主要针对自行设计的具有转摆结构的拟人机器人TH-1手臂机构进行了运动学分析，为其控 制提供数学基础．提出了坐标变换、三角变换等方法，巧妙求解出拟人机器人TH-1手臂逆 向运动学的解析表达式．建立了仿真软件平台，验证了运动学正逆向方程的有效性．     

A Multi-functional Entertaining and Educational Robot

This paper presents a multi-functional autonomous intelligent robot, DOC-1, which has actions exclusively driven by artificial intelligence programs. The mechanism of this robot was designed to fulfill tasks defined by various functions such as gripping character cubes and teacups, playing the Gobang board game, and rotating and stacking character cubes. Further emphasis was placed on load lifting capability, weight reduction, energy conservation, and performance reliability. The serial port of a minicomputer is used as the communication interface between the software and electromechanical components. A custom-made chip serves as the control kernel that controls the motions of servo motors that move the arms and head of the robot, two DC motors which drive the wheels, and also a number of lights. With the integrated artificial intelligence software and the robot control system, this intelligent robot DOC-1 can perform a number of autonomous functions that make it interactive with human beings.     

一种具有爬坡能力的球形机器人运动分析

针对目前球形机器人爬坡能力不强的问题,设计了一种新型机构,在球形机器人的长轴方向上与本体固连两个可伸出和展开的手臂机构.遇陡坡时,手臂伸出后支撑在路面上,球形机器人将不再依靠重摆的驱动,而是通过电机直接驱动球壳.深入分析对比了手臂伸出前后的爬坡能力,并建立了爬坡时直线运动的动力学模型,对手臂伸出后的球形机器人进行了路径规划.最后通过仿真和试验验证了力学模型的准确性.     

3D stable biped walking control and implementation on real robot

A combination of walking control methods was proposed and implemented on a biped robot. The LIPM-based model predictive control (MPC) was adopted to generate a basic stable walking pattern. The stability of pitch and yaw rotation was improved through pitch and yaw momentum control as a supplementation of MPC. It is found that biped robot walking tends to deviate from the planned walking direction if not considering the rotation friction torque in yaw axis under the support foot. There are basically two methods to control yaw momentum, waist and swing arms rotation control. However, the upper body is often needed to accomplish other tasks. Therefore, a yaw momentum control method based on swing leg dynamics was proposed. This idea does not depend on upper body’s motion and is highlighted in this paper. Through experiments, the feasibility of the combination of the control methods proved to be practical in keeping biped robot walking stable both in linear and rotation motion. The pros and cons of the yaw momentum control method were also tested and discussed through comparison experiments, such as walking on flat and uneven terrain, walking with different payloads.     

Development of a stair-climbing mobile robot with legs and wheels

This paper deals with the development of a stair-climbing mobile robot with legs and wheels. The main technical issues in developing this type of robot are the stability and speed of the robot while climbing stairs. The robot has two wheels in the front of the body to support its weight when it moves on flat terrain, and it also has arms between the wheels to hook onto the tread of stairs. There are two pairs of legs in the rear of the body. Using not only the rorational torque of the arms and the wheels, but also the force of the legs, the robot goes up and down stairs. It measures the size of stairs when going up and down the first step, and therefore the measurement process does not cause this robot to lose any time. The computer which controls the motion of the robot needs no complicated calculations as other legged robots do. The mechanism of this robot and the control algorithm are described in this paper. This robot will be developed as a wheelchair with a stair climbing mechanism for disabled and elderly people in the near future. This work was presented, in part, at the International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, February 18–20, 1996     

Wheeled inverted pendulum type assistant robot: design concept and mobile control

This paper describes the design concept of the human assistant robot I-PENTAR (Inverted PENdulum Type Assistant Robot) aiming at the coexistence of safety and work capability and its mobile control strategy. I-PENTAR is a humanoid type robot which consists of a body with a waist joint, arms designed for safety, and a wheeled inverted pendulum mobile platform. Although the arms are designed low-power and lightweight for safety, it is able to perform tasks that require high power by utilizing its self-weight, which is the feature of a wheeled inverted pendulum mobile platform. I-PENTAR is modeled as a three dimensional robot; with controls of inclination angle, horizontal position, and steering angle to achieve high mobile capability. The motion equation is derived considering the non-holonomic constraint of the two-wheeled mobile robot, and a state feedback control method is applied for basic mobile controls wherein the control gain is calculated by the LQR method. Through several experiments of balancing, linear running, and steering, it was confirmed that the robot could realize stable mobile motion in a real environment by the proposed controller.