直流反应磁控溅射WO3薄膜气敏特性研究

用直流反应磁控溅射法制成纳米结构的WO3薄膜气敏传感器,通过XRD,SEM和XPS对该薄膜的晶体结构和化学成分进行分析,研究了不同基片上制备的WO3薄膜的氨敏特性与薄膜厚度、退火温度的关系.实验得到的薄膜粒径大小约30-50 nm,结果表明:在未抛光的三氧化二铝基片上沉积厚度为40 nm的WO3薄膜,经过400℃退火,在体积分数为5×10-5 NH3中的灵敏度达到300,而且气体选择性好,响应-恢复时间短,可以作为理想的氨敏元件.     

氧化钨纳米线修饰多孔硅结构的制备及NO2气敏性能研究

针对多孔硅气敏传感器在室温下对NO2气体灵敏度较低、选择性不强的问题,采用双槽电化学腐蚀法制备多孔硅,然后在多孔硅顶部溅射沉积金属钨薄膜并经高温热处理氧化形成WO3纳米线,制备出WO3纳米线修饰多孔硅结构及其气敏传感器,对WO3纳米线/多孔硅材料进行了SEM和XRD分析,测试了传感器室温下对NO2的气敏特性。结果表明,制备WO3纳米线的最佳热处理条件是700℃,此温度下增加金属钨膜溅射时间可提升WO3纳米线的生长密度? 所制备的传感器对NO2气体表现出反型气敏响应,特别是溅射1min金属钨的样品显示出优异的NO2室温探测能力与选择性,对4×10-6NO的气敏灵敏度是单纯多孔硅样品的 5.8倍。     

Zn2+掺杂WO3基气敏材料的制备及气敏性能研究

通过加热分解钨酸制备的WO3与Zn(NO3)2溶液超声分散,制备出了掺杂Zn2 的WO3基气敏材料。研究了Zn2 掺杂对WO3气敏材料性能的影响。结果发现,Zn2 掺杂WO3基传感器对H2S有较好的气敏性能,在常温下对极低浓度(5×10-6)H2S也有很高的灵敏度(56),适量掺杂可以提高其灵敏度,Zn2 掺杂n_Zn~(2 )/n_W=2%的WO3基传感器的灵敏度最大,对50×10-6H2S在200℃灵敏度可达1800。通过X-射线衍射仪(XRD),比表面测定仪(BET)对材料进行了表征,比表面积范围介于2.5～3.5m2/g之间。结合有关理论,对元件气敏现象及机理进行了解释。     

直流反应磁控溅射法制备WO_3薄膜及其氢敏特性研究

采用直流反应磁控溅射法,在未抛光的A l2O3基片上制备WO3薄膜,在干燥空气中经过热处理;利用SEM观察薄膜表面形貌;通过XRD测量,对薄膜的晶体结构进行分析;薄膜氢敏特性测试采用静态配气法。经过400℃热处理,当工作温度在270℃时,对体积分数为3×10-4氢气的灵敏度达到了77,稳定性较高,选择性好,响应时间很快,在15 s以内,是一种较理想的氢敏材料。     

纳米WO_3薄膜的光学性质及氢敏特性研究

采用磁控直流溅射法制备出纳米WO3薄膜,在N2气中进行退火处理。采用分光光度计、XRD等对退火前后的WO3薄膜进行了光学特性的分析。研究表明:在623 K进行退火处理的薄膜均匀、致密,呈现出较好的结晶态。采用光源激发对纯WO3薄膜在不同温度条件下的氢敏特性进行了研究,实验显示:WO3薄膜对H2的敏感性与温度有关,在348 K温度条件下,WO3薄膜的氢敏效应最好。     

用气相反应法制备纳米WO3气敏材料

材料的制备是研制半导体气敏传感器的关键环节.用气相反应法,以纯钨丝为原料,制备了WO3粉末,又以此WO3粉末为基材,制作了NO2气敏传感元件.在性能测试中发现,该元件对低浓度(10-10)NO2灵敏,灵敏度可达10倍左右,而且响应迅速,响应时间为1.5 s.文中从材料的微观结构入手,对材料的敏感机理作了分析.     

热处理温度对氧化铟薄膜特性的影响

利用离子束溅射沉积的方式在Al2O3陶瓷基片表面制备了In2O3薄膜,并分别研究了热处理温度对薄膜相结构、电阻-温度特性及气敏特性的影响。结果表明:薄膜相结构受热处理温度影响显著,热处理温度高于600℃时,薄膜相结构由无定形状态变为立方相状态;随着热处理温度的升高,薄膜电阻率显著增大;薄膜对CO气体具有良好的气敏特性,热处理温度为600℃时,薄膜对CO气体灵敏度达到最大值。     

TiO2薄膜制备及其气敏特性

NO2是一种强毒性气体,本文利用了溶胶一凝胶法在硅片及陶瓷管上制备TiO2纳米薄膜,并探讨了在制备过程中不同的因素对薄膜成膜质量的影响。并用马弗炉对硅片及陶瓷管上制备的TiO2纳米薄膜进行不同温度的退火处理。对其分别进行XRD的分析,和原子力显微镜分析。利用气敏测试系统对不同的退火温度下的气敏元件进行测试。研制出工作温度低,气敏特性强,响应恢复特性好的基于TiO2的NO2气敏传感器。     

钼掺杂降低TiO2氧敏薄膜最佳工作温度研究

用直流反应磁控溅射法在陶瓷基片上制备出TiO2薄膜.并进行1100℃,2h的退火处理.配置钼酸铵溶液,利用浸渍法处理TiO2薄膜若干时间.取出后,进行500℃,3h退火处理.用气敏测试箱对制备出的TiO2薄膜的氧敏特性进行试验测试,发现对氧气有很好的敏感特性,比未经此项工艺处理的TiO2薄膜的最佳工作温度降低100℃,为300℃左右,并进行SEM测试,分析其表面结构,研究气敏机理.     

花状WO3纳米结构的水热合成及其甲醛气敏研究

采用中温水热法合成了三维花状WO3纳米结构,通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对样品的物相成分及微观形貌进行了表征。同时基于合成的花状WO3纳米材料制备了气敏元件,测试了其在200℃的最佳工作温度下,对体积分数为40×10^-6的HCHO气体的气敏性能。结果表明,该气敏元件对HCHO气体有优异的选择性及稳定性,同时对HCHO气体灵敏度可达18.57。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。