铝合金A6061在金刚石和硬质合金两种刀具下的高速切削研究

铝合金A6061被广泛应用于航天、汽车和模具等领域中,在实际高速加工过程中,却是属于难切削加工材料。硬质合金刀具和金刚石刀具由于都具有高强度、低韧性、较好导热和抗热膨胀等特性,因而,这两种刀具被作为铝合金A6061的高速切削加工的主要刀具。通过ABQUS软件,模拟铝合金A6061分别被金刚石刀具和硬质合金刀具高速切削的加工过程,一方面分析在两种刀具切削下,模拟出铝合金A6061在切削过程切削力和温度变化情况,另一方面通过仿真结果验证金刚石刀具更适合于铝合金A6061的高速切削加工。然后,通过设计实际的车削试验,验证仿真所得到的相应结果和结论。最终为加工企业加工铝合金A6061时,在切削参数和刀具选择这两方面作出一定意义的指导。     

铝合金高速铣削中切削温度动态变化规律的试验研究

切削温度与刀具磨损、工件加工表面完整性及加工精度密切相关。高速切削过程中切削温度随工件材料、所选刀具及切削用量的不同而呈现出与普通切削过程不同的变化规律。本文应用红外热像仪测温系统对高速铣削过程中切削温度的动态变化规律进行试验研究 ,首次给出了铝合金高速铣削过程中存在的临界切削速度关键数据及切削温度随切削速度的变化规律 ,其结论有助于指导铝合金高速铣削加工、优化高速切削工艺及建立高速切削数据库。     

硬铝合金材料高速精密加工工艺

介绍了利用聚晶金刚石刀具高速切削加工硬铝合金材料时的刀具装夹方式、刀具刃磨的几何形状、切削参数的选择等加工工艺,分析了不同的工艺参数对加工质量的影响,确定了加工LY11时的优化工艺参数,对用金刚石刀具加工铝合金材料或其他有色金属材料具有指导意义.     

CVD金刚石厚膜刀具切削性能的试验研究

分析了CVD金刚石厚膜刀具材料的性能特点 ,对CVD金刚石厚膜车刀进行了精密切削和难加工复合材料切削试验 ,结果表明 :CVD金刚石厚膜刀具加工铝合金的表面粗糙度可达Ra0 0 5 μm ;切削难加工复合材料时刀具耐磨性和使用寿命明显优于硬质合金刀具、PCBN刀具和PCD刀具     

铝合金的切削特性分析和工艺技术研究

铝合金材料适用于高速切削,切削过程中容易出现粘刀、切削变形和振动等问题。通过分析铝合金的切削性能,研究铝合金的切削工艺,提出加工铝合金时刀具材料及参数、切削用量、切削液、处理工艺、工装和辅助工具的选择和设计,以有效避免或减小切削问题,保证铝合金工件加工质量,提高生产效率。     

5A02铝合金高速切削特性研究

在高速切削实验的基础上,研究了5A02铝合金在不同的切削参数时,切削变形、切削热及已加工表面质量的变化关系。结果表明,铝合金5A02的切削变形系数随切削速度的增加而降低,随切削深度的增加略有降低,随切削速度的增加而下降;切削温度随切削速度的增加先迅速增加,后缓慢下降;表面粗糙度随切削速度的增加而降低,随切削深度和每齿进给量的增加而增加。     

高速切削加工中刀具材料的选用

高速切削加工已成为航空航天、汽车和模具工业中一种先进的加工技术 ,被加工材料已由铝合金、有色金属转向黑色金属、高温合金、钛合金和复合材料等。就不同被加工材料在高速切削时的刀具材料选用作一详细介绍。     

铝合金高速切削表面粗糙度的实验研究

使用硬质合金刀具对LY12高强度铝合金进行了高速精密切削试验。研究了切削条件、切削用量对加工表面粗糙度的影响。高速切削试验表明:提高切削速度与减小进给量有利于改善铝合金工件的加工表面质量;当切削速度超过某一范围后,随着切削速度的进一步提高,加工表面粗糙度的降低并不明显。     

基于Deform-3D的中空框架铝合金高速铣削有限元分析

通过对中空框架铝合金材料本构模型的建立,研究了高速切削中的断裂准则、加工变形网格划分以及刀具磨损模型等关键技术,在此基础上,采用Deform-3D有限元分析软件,对中空框状铝合金6N01材料高速铣削中的变形行为和刀具摩擦磨损行为进行了有限元模拟,获得了工件与刀具在加工中的热、力分布和刀具磨损的变化规律,为改进框架铝合金的加工工艺并提高其加工效率提供了理论依据。     

蜂窝状铝合金高速加工刀具粘附行为及其作用机理研究

通过高速铣削试验方法对蜂窝状铝合金高速铣削刀具的粘附行为及粘附机理进行了研究。结果表明,由于初期铝屑粘附在刀具表面上,致使后期切削加工中的铝切屑与刀具表面的化学活性近似,使得铝屑进一步强化粘附在刀具表面,且由于高速加工中产生的高温和高压作用,使得粘附层材料发生变形。后续切屑划擦初期的粘附层,使粘附层出现变形和犁沟现象,加剧刀具与工件间的摩擦状态。同时,铝合金高速加工中高的塑性变形特征是发生粘附磨损的另一重要作用机制。此外,切屑表层材料受到剧烈剪切变形引起表面积增加,使切削形成的金属表面膜破裂,在与刀具表面紧密接触的近乎为真空环境下刀具不断切削新的表面,活性非常高,极易发生摩擦化学反应,较高摩擦化学反应形成的表面厚度达到临界值时将发生磨损,导致刀具粘附磨损加剧。     

涂层刀具高速铣削模具钢SKD11的表面粗糙度模型预测

为有效控制和预测高硬度模具钢加工的表面质量和加工效率,通过设计正交切削试验,研究了在不同切削参数组合(主轴转速、进给速度、轴向切削深度和径向切削深度)及冷却润滑方式条件下、Ti Si N涂层刀具对模具钢SKD11(62HRC)的高速铣削。应用BP神经网络原理建立表面粗糙度预测模型,并进行试验验证其准确性。研究表明,在不同加工条件下,基于BP神经网络模型建立的涂层刀具铣削模具钢SKD11表面粗糙度模型有较好的预测精度,其预测误差在3.45%-6.25%之间,对于模具制造企业选择加工工艺参数、控制加工质量和降低加工成本有重要意义。     

钛合金高速旋转超声椭圆振动侧铣削切屑特征和刀具磨损研究

难加工材料钛合金在采用传统铣削方式时,随着切削速度的增加,切削力和切削温度都迅速增加,使得切削条件恶化并加速刀具磨损,从而导致刀具过早失效。将超声椭圆振动加工技术引入到高速铣削中,进行了钛合金高速旋转超声椭圆振动侧铣削试验。从切屑特征以及刀具后刀面磨损两个方面研究了高速超声椭圆振动铣削参数匹配对钛合金加工的影响。首先基于高速超声椭圆振动铣削过程中刀具-工件的运动学特点推导出高速超声椭圆振动铣削加工参数与振动参数间的匹配关系,然后利用本实验室自行研制的超声椭圆振动铣削装置进行了不同参数匹配关系下的验证性切削试验。试验结果表明：合理的参数匹配使得超声椭圆振动铣削在高速条件下依然能够实现分离型断续切削加工。相比普通铣削加工,分离型的高速超声椭圆振动铣削能够获得更加微细的切屑,切削热能够被及时地带走;良好的切削条件使得刀具的后刀面磨损均匀而缓慢,从而延长刀具的使用寿命;高速超声椭圆振动铣削能够有效地提高生产效率。     

采用CAD/CAM的高速数控加工技术研究

分析CAD/CAM软件对高速数控加工零件精度的影响,从高速加工的刀具路径及加工顺序选择等方面论述高速加工工艺技术及策略,提出高速加工中应注意的事项,对解决精密零件及复杂零件的高效加工具有一定的实际意义。     

Cutting performance of coated carbide tools in high-speed face milling of AISI H13 hardened steel

In the present study, high-speed face milling of AISI H13 hardened steel was conducted to investigate the cutting performance of coated carbide tools. The characteristics of chip morphology, tool life, tool wear mechanisms, and surface roughness were analyzed and compared for different cutting conditions. It was found that as the cutting speed increased, the chip morphology evolved in different ways under different milling conditions (up, down, and symmetric milling). Individual saw-tooth segments and sphere-like chip formed at the cutting speed of 2,500 m/min. Owing to the relatively low mechanical load, longest tool life can be obtained in up milling when the cutting speed was no more than 1,000 m/min. As the cutting speed increased over 1,500 m/min, highest tool life existed in symmetric milling. When the cutting speed was 500 m/min, owing to the higher mechanical load, the flaked region on the tool rake face in symmetric milling was much larger than that in up and down milling. There was no obvious wear on the tool rake face at the cutting speed of 2,500 m/min due to the short tool-chip contact length. In symmetric milling, the delamination of tool material, which did not occur in up and down milling, was caused by the relatively large cutting force. Abrasion had great effect on the tool flank wear in symmetric milling. With the increment of cutting speed, surface roughness decreased first and then increased rapidly. Lowest surface roughness can be obtained at the cutting speed of about 1,500 m/min.     

高温合金蜂窝芯高速铣削材料去除机理与损伤行为

高温合金蜂窝芯材料具有高比刚度、轻质和能量吸收特性好等优异性能,被视为下一代高超声速飞行器热防护结构极具潜力的材料。高速铣削是高温合金蜂窝芯零件成型过程中重要的减材制造工艺,在蜂窝芯材料高速铣削时,蜂窝芯材料面内刚度低且高温合金塑性好,较小的切削力就会使蜂窝壁产生较大的塑性变形,导致蜂窝芯加工精度较低、加工损伤难以控制,对后续焊接、装配等工序产生不利影响。基于有限元仿真对蜂窝壁切削材料去除机理进行了深入研究,探索了铣削参数、刀具类型和铣削方式对铣削过程中铣削力和加工损伤的影响。研究结果表明,蜂窝壁切入角是影响蜂窝芯材料切削加工过程中瞬时应力分布和成屑机理的关键性因素。得到了铣削参数、刀具类型和铣削方式对高温合金蜂窝芯加工过程中加工损伤的影响规律。对于铣削参数,过大的进给量会导致芯格变形等加工损伤,降低切削速度会提高微小毛刺等加工损伤发生的频率;本文采用的三种刀具的对比结果表明,立式铣刀加工质量最好。插铣方式会产生明显的轴向冲击,而侧铣方式可以有效避免轴向冲击。研究成果为高温合金蜂窝芯低损伤高性能加工提供了理论依据和工艺技术储备。     

SiC颗粒增强铝基复合材料高速铣削工艺研究

从颗粒增强金属基复合材料的应用和切削加工现状出发 ,针对SiC颗粒增强铝基复合材料的高速切削加工性能进行了试验分析。通过铣削试验 ,研究了铣削速度对铣削力、加工表面粗糙度、表面形貌以及刀具磨损的影响 ,分析了该材料的高速切削机理 ,并获得了能够保证对其进行高效高精度加工的合理工艺参数。     

Analysis model of parameters affecting cutting performance in high-speed machining

Further progress in green cutting applications depends on the innovativeness of machine tools, advances in tool development, and, especially, more complex tool and cutting technologies. Therefore, this study analyzes the factors influencing high-speed cutting performance. Grey relational analysis and the Taguchi method are then incorporated in the experimental plan with high-speed milling of AISI H13 tool steel. Experimental results indicate that the contributions of tool grinding precision, geometric angle, and cutting conditions to the multiple quality characteristics of high-speed milling for AISI H13 tool steel are 11.75, 9.80, and 73.11 %, respectively. For rough machining, tool life and metal removal volume are the primary evaluation indicators and cutting parameters should be prioritized, especially cutting speed and feed per tooth. In finish machining, workpiece surface roughness is the primary evaluation indicator. Besides the selection of cutting parameters, the design and grinding of endmill are critical factors, especially the design and grinding of relief angles.     

On the machining characteristics of H13 tool steel in different hardness states in ball end milling

This paper investigates and compares the machining characteristics of AISI H13 tool steel in hardness states of 41 and 20 HRC in the ball end milling process. The machining characteristics are illustrated through three types of process outputs from the milling experiments: the milling force, the chip form, and the surface roughness. Characteristic differences in these process outputs are shown to reflect the hardness effect of the tool steel on the ball end milling process. The mechanistic phenomena of the milling process are revealed by the six shearing and ploughing cutting constants extracted from the milling forces. The experimental results show that all the cutting constants of the softer tool steel are greater than those of the hard steel, indicating that higher cutting and frictional energies are required in the chip shearing as well as in the nose ploughing processes of the softer tool steel. The higher cutting energy is also attested by the more severely deformed, shorter, and thicker chips of the softer steel. Surface roughness of the hard steel is shown to be considerably better than that of the soft steel at all cutting speeds and feed rates and is independent of cutting speed, whereas the surface roughness of the softer steel is significantly improved with increasing cutting speed.     

高速切削加工关键技术及发展方向

高速切削加工技术作为先进实用的制造技术,正成为切削加工的主流,具有强大的生命力和广阔的应用前景.以高切削速度、高进给速度、高加工精度和优良的加工表面质量为主要特征的高速切削加工技术具有不同于传统切削加工技术的加工机理和应用优势.主要介绍高速切削加工的优越性、关键技术、高速切削机理及现状,展望高速切削加工技术未来的发展方向.     

Experimental Study on Cutting Forces and Surface Integrity in High-Speed Side Milling of Ti-6Al-4V Titanium Alloy

This article is concerned with the cutting forces and surface integrity in high-speed side milling of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy. The experiments were conducted with coated carbide cutting tools under dry cutting conditions. The effects of cutting parameters on the cutting forces, tool wear and surface integrity (including surface roughness, microhardness and microstructure beneath the machined surface) were investigated. The velocity effects are focused on in the present study. The experimental results show that the cutting forces in three directions increase with cutting speed, feed per tooth and depth of cut (DoC). The widths of flank wear VB increases rapidly with the increasing cutting speed. The surface roughness initially decreases and presents a minimum value at the cutting speed 200 m/min, and then increases with the cutting speed. The microstructure beneath the machined surfaces had minimal or no obvious plastic deformation under the present milling conditions. Work hardening leads to an increment in micro-hardness on the top surface. Furthermore, the hardness of machined surface decreases with the increase of cutting speed and feed per tooth due to thermal softening effects. The results indicated that the cutting speed 200 m/min could be considered as a critical value at which both relatively low cutting forces and improved surface quality can be obtained.