气幕防波堤消波性能数值模拟研究

该文将气液两相流看成是变密度单流体,以连续方程、雷诺平均方程和模型为控制方程,采用VOF方法追踪两相流界面,建立了气幕防波堤数值模型.基于Fluent软件平台,通过UDF在连续方程中添加附加质量源项实现了对气幕的数值模拟.数值计算得到的波浪透射系数同试验数据吻合较好.在此基础上讨论了入射波浪的周期和供气量等对气幕防波堤消波性能的影响.     

静水中气泡帷幕产生水平流的数值模拟研究

本文以变密度单流体的连续性方程、雷诺平均方程和k-ε方程为控制方程,采用VOF方法追踪空气和水的界面,通过在连续性方程中添加附加质量源,建立了静水中气泡帷幕的数学模型。数值模拟得到的静水中气泡帷幕产生水平流的特性与Bulson的试验结果吻合较好。通过对数值计算结果的分析得到不同供气量Q时气泡帷幕产生的水平流速度Vm,水平流厚度d等主要特征,对气幕防波堤的消波性能研究具有指导意义。     

基于动量源方法的黏性流数值波浪水槽

以N-S方程为控制方程,采用VOF方法追踪自由面,通过在动量方程中添加附加源项的方法,发展了黏性流数值造波和消波的方法。基于Fluent求解器,建立了同时具有造波和消波功能的二维数值波浪水槽。进行了数值模拟分析,表明了数值造波和消波的有效性,并成功地数值模拟了在黏性流理论框架中水波与两个垂直刚性薄板相互作用产生的驻波等现象。     

气幕式防波堤堤头护面块体防护措施研究

针对气幕式防波堤的消波原理及其影响因素已有很多的研究成果,但对气幕式防波堤堤头防护措施的研究还很少。在复杂的波浪条件下,有效的堤头防护措施可以加快施工进度,降低施工成本。气幕式防波堤工艺简单,移动性好,且可重复利用。针对气幕式防波堤对堤头的防护效果进行了物理模型试验研究,通过不同布置方案对比得到防护效果较好的布置形式,以供工程借鉴和参考。     

数值波流水池构造方法研究

该文在FLUENT软件平台下构造了二维数值波流水池.基于不可压缩流体RANS方程建立数学模型,使用VOF方法追踪自由面位置;将水池入口取为波浪与水流相遇并产生相互作用的起始位置,给定入射静水波和水流叠加的边界条件;在水池下游设置消波区,采用动量源项消波方法对波浪进行衰减,消除波浪在水池出口边界处的反射,生成了波浪和水流共存的稳定流场.针对不同水流流速剖面和波浪条件进行了数值模拟,并通过实验数据考核数值水池模型的准确性.对Thomas的实验数据进行数值仿真,得到了不同流速的均匀逆流对波高和波长的影响;针对剪切流,模拟了Kemp等的实验数据,计算不同波幅的波浪在非均匀顺流和逆流中的变形.结果显示,数值结果与实验数据吻合良好,表明了该数值波流水池模型能够较为准确地模拟波浪和定常水流的相互作用.     

基于Level-set方法的三维数值水池造波研究

该文以速度边界输入式造波为基础,提出了采用Level-set捕捉自由液面的创新方法,通过自主开发建立了三维数值波浪水池,同时利用有限差分法对URANS方程进行离散;为了避免来自有限边界处反射波的干扰,在靠近水池出口处采取网格衰减以及在动量方程中添加阻尼项进行消波处理,并讨论了两种方法的优劣性。将模拟得到的规则波与目标波进行对比,数值结果表明,阻尼消波吸收波能的效果更为显著。所建立的三维数值黏性水池能够迅速并持续产生稳定可靠的波浪,可为模拟预报不同海况下船舶的运动响应提供较为真实的波浪环境。     

水平斜插板透空式防波堤消波性能数值模拟

通过改进已有的防波堤模型，建立了一种新型水平斜板透空式防波堤模型。基于VOF方法建立了波浪与水平斜板防波堤相互作用的数值模型。经数值模拟研究了该新型水平斜板防波堤结构对波浪透射系数的影响，主要考虑了斜板角度、波陡、相对板间距、相对板宽和相对出水高度等因素对防波堤消波效果的影响。模拟结果显示:①水平斜插板透空式防波堤比水平板透空式防波堤的消波效果好。在斜插板作用下，随着斜板角度增大，透射系数逐渐增大，但增幅逐渐减小；②随着波陡增大，透射系数先减后增；③随着水平板间距增加，透射系数增大；④随着防波堤相对板宽的增大，透射系数逐渐减小；⑤随着防波堤出水高度增加，透射系数先减后增。结果表明，该新型结构防波堤的消波效果显著，可以很好地消减波浪，应用前景良好。     

T型透空式防波堤消波性能的理论分析

基于线性波浪理论,对T型透空式防波堤的消波性能进行了理论分析。在考虑水平板和竖直板厚度的条件下,通过特征函数展开法,给出流域内速度势的一般表达式,由速度势和速度的连续条件确定表达式中的待定系数,从而得到T型透空式防波堤对波浪的反射系数和透射系数随波数的变化关系,并对影响T型透空式防波堤消波性能的因素如水平板的潜深和竖直板高度等进行了计算和分析。计算结果与现有相关理论结果吻合良好;水平板的潜深和竖直板的高度对淹没和出水T型透空式防波堤的消波性能有较大影响。     

带异形块体海堤越浪的数值模拟

该文在FLUENT软件平台上，发展了数值消波-造波技术，通过在动量方程里添加多孔介质源项，建立了带有多孔介质模型的二维数值波浪水槽。应用该数值波浪水槽，数值模拟了在斜坡堤坡面上铺设异形块体情况下的越浪过程，给出了越浪量。为了率定异形块体的等效惯性阻力系数，进行了典型工况的物理模型实验，给出了在斜坡堤坡面上不同位置处铺设一层异形块体情况下多孔介质模型的等效阻力系数。     

两种多孔浮式结构水面消波性能的试验和数值模拟

相比于传统的防波堤,浮式防波堤具有施工简单且造价低等优点。其中多孔结构的设计因为其能有效减少波浪对结构的损耗且能维持消波性能而引起关注。该文通过结合物理试验和数值模拟方法,研究了在周期性波浪作用下,相同孔隙率的两种多孔结构的水面消波性能的差异。结果表明:多孔结构的水面消波性能并不只由其孔隙率决定,孔径小的多孔结构具有更优的消波效率。该研究成果可以为工程应用以及数模研究等提供试验数据和参考。     

Experimental study on wave-current structure around a pneumatic breakwater

A model of a pneumatic breakwater comprised of perforated pipes placed on a wave flume bottom and connected to a piston-type air compressor is installed in a wave flume. Ascending air bubbles form an aerial barrier which dissipates wave energy and reduces the height of transmitted waves. The model is exposed to regular waves with fixed parameters, and its properties are modified by changing the amount of air supplied to the pipes. Particle Image Velocimetry and Acoustic Doppler Velocimetry methods are employed to measure a wave-current velocity field in the close vicinity of a submerged aerial barrier used as a breakwater. The measurements are supported by free-surface elevation registration in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the pneumatic breakwater in damping waves and to identify processes responsible for wave energy dissipation. Basing on the measurements, the performance of the pneumatic breakwater in different wave conditions is analysed. The results indicate that the dissipation of energy inside a region of a turbulent flow induced by ascending air bubbles may be considered the main mechanism of wave energy attenuation by pneumatic breakwaters.     

Modelling of wave transmission through a pneumatic breakwater

A theoretical approach is derived to study interaction of linear water waves with an air bubble curtain used as a pneumatic breakwater. Modelling of wave transmission through an aerial barrier is a complex task due to a need to cover processes associated with wave-current interaction, effects of two-phase flows, wave damping, etc.. An initial boundary-value problem is solved by applying an efficient eigenfunction expansion method and a time-stepping procedure. The derived semi-analytical solution is used to study the effect of basic parameters of the model on wave dissipative properties of the pneumatic breakwater. Results show that wave damping by the breakwater is mainly affected by an air flow rate. The increased air discharge results in higher velocities of ascending bubbles and increases aerial barrier width. This leads to a substantial reduction of transmitted wave heights, especially for waves of intermediate length and short waves. In order to verify the applicability of the presented theoretical approach, laboratory experiments are conducted in a wave flume for different wave regimes and pneumatic breakwater characteristics. The analysis of a wave transmission coefficient calculated numerically and measured in the laboratory confirms that the derived model can be used for a certain range of wave conditions.     

WAVE DISSIPATING PERFORMANCE OF AIR BUBBLE BREAKWATERS WITH DIFFERENT LAYOUTS

The wave dissipating performance of air bubble breakwaters with different layouts is studied by experimental and numerical methods in this article. Based on the assumpation that the mixture of air and water is regarded as a variable density fluid, the mathematical model of the air bubble breakwater is built. The numerical simulation results are compared with the experimental data, which shows that the mathematical model is reasonable for the transmission coefficient Ct_m. The influencing factors are studied experimentally and numerically, including the incident wave height H_i, the incidentt wave period T, the air amount Q_m, the submerged pipe depth D and the single or double air discharging pipe structure. Some valuable conclusions are obtained for further research of the mechanism and practical applications of air bubble breakwaters.     

Time-domain hydrodynamic analysis of pontoon-plate floating breakwater

The hydrodynamic behaviors of a floating breakwater consisting of a rectangular pontoon and horizontal plates are studied theoretically. The fluid motion is idealized as two-dimensional linear potential flow. The motions of the floating breakwater are assumed to be two-dimensional in sway, heave, and roll. The solution to the fluid motion is derived by transforming the governing differential equation into the integral equation on the boundary in time domain with the Green’s function method. The motion equations of the floating breakwater are established and solved with the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method to obtain the displacement and velocity of the breakwater. The mooring forces are computed with the static method. The computational results of the wave transmission coefficient, the motion responses, and the mooring forces of the pontoon-plate floating breakwater are given. It is indicated that the relative width of the pontoon is an important factor influencing the wave transmission coefficient of the floating breakwater. The transmission coefficient decreases obviously as the relative width of the pontoon increases. The horizontal plates help to reduce the wave transmission over the floating breakwater. The motion responses and the mooring forces of the pontoon-plate floating breakwater are less than those of the pontoon floating breakwater. The mooring force at the offshore side is larger than that at the onshore side.     

波浪荷载对半圆型潜堤作用的数值分析

基于动量源数值造波原理,运用Fluent软件模拟了半圆型潜堤表面波压的分布及变化规律,采用π定理分析了波陡、水深及波长对半圆型潜堤表面波浪力的影响,并通过统计潜堤表面各点所受压力（最大波压力与最小波压力的差值）最大值的分布,给出了半圆型潜堤表面压力最大值出现的位置及概率.分析结果表明,在水深较深时,波陡的改变会使波压力在堤顶至背浪侧发生明显变化;水深波长比的改变,会引起半圆堤两侧波压力不同的变化;波压力的最大值一般发生在堤顶处及其偏向背浪侧附近;半圆堤面上的动波压力最大值主要出现在两侧堤脚附近,随着波高的增加,堤面上各点的动波压力由近似对称分布向两侧受力不同转变.     

规则波作用下潜堤透浪系数数值模拟

潜堤透浪系数是衡量潜堤削弱波浪能力的主要指标。基于Boussinesq型方程的MIKE21-BW模型建立波浪数值水槽,进行规则波作用下潜堤透浪系数的数值模拟。根据Dingemans物理模型试验结果对BW模型进行参数率定和验证,验证结果良好。在此基础上,进一步分析了影响潜堤透浪系数的无因次影响参数,包含相对淹没深度、波陡、相对堤顶宽度、斜坡堤坡度等,研究不同因素组合情况下潜堤透浪系数的变化规律。建立了规则波作用下潜堤透浪系数的计算式,应用MATLAB数学软件对式中的系数进行拟合,拟合式计算值与BW模型计算值相关系数为0.858,相关性较好。另外,将拟合式与杨正己公式进行比较,并分析数据的差异与原因。研究表明:MIKE21-BW模型可以进行规则波作用下潜堤透浪系数的数值模拟。     

基于SWASH模型的近岸波浪传播变形数值模拟

SWASH模型是一种新型的非静压时域波浪模拟。为了探讨SWASH模型对于解决近岸波浪传播变形问题的适用性,在对其控制方程、边界条件、数值解法等进行介绍的基础上,采用该模型分别模拟了正向规则波、斜向规则波和斜向不规则波入射条件下L形防波堤附近水域的波浪场和波生流场,并与物理试验结果进行对比。结果表明,SWASH模型较好地复演了波浪在近岸区域所发生的浅水变形、折射、破碎,以及堤前反射、堤内绕射等物理现象,波高沿断面的定量分布与试验结果吻合良好,同时较好地模拟了不同波况下防波堤附近水域的波生流场,说明该模型适用于复杂岸线和地形条件下波浪传播变形的数值模拟。     

Comparison of depth-averaged concentration and bed load flux sediment transport models of dam-break flow

This paper presents numerical simulations of dam-break flow over a movable bed. Two different mathematical models were compared: a fully coupled formulation of shallow water equations with erosion and deposition terms (a depth-averaged concentration flux model), and shallow water equations with a fully coupled Exner equation (a bed load flux model). Both models were discretized using the cell-centered finite volume method, and a second-order Godunov-type scheme was used to solve the equations. The numerical flux was calculated using a Harten, Lax, and van Leer approximate Riemann solver with the contact wave restored (HLLC). A novel slope source term treatment that considers the density change was introduced to the depth-averaged concentration flux model to obtain higher-order accuracy. A source term that accounts for the sediment flux was added to the bed load flux model to reflect the influence of sediment movement on the momentum of the water. In a one-dimensional test case, a sensitivity study on different model parameters was carried out. For the depth-averaged concentration flux model, Manning's coefficient and sediment porosity values showed an almost linear relationship with the bottom change, and for the bed load flux model, the sediment porosity was identified as the most sensitive parameter. The capabilities and limitations of both model concepts are demonstrated in a benchmark experimental test case dealing with dam-break flow over variable bed topography.     

V形贯底式防波堤上波浪作用力的解析研究

用解析方法计算V形贯底式防波堤在波浪绕射作用下周围流域任意点的速度势,研究波浪作用在V形贯底式防波堤上的波浪力。假定防波堤刚性、薄壁、不透浪、水深恒定。假想的圆柱面将整个流场划分为三个区域,分别在每个区域内将速度势用特征函数展开,然后在公共边界上按照速度连续,速度势连续的原则进行匹配,求得流域中任意一点的速度势和作用在V形贯底式防波堤上的总波力和总波力矩。数值结果给出了作用在防波堤上的波浪力随防波堤张角、入射波波长、入射角变化的曲线。结果表明:作用在V形贯底式防波堤上的波浪力与水深、防波堤的张角、入射波的波长等因素有关。