Wavelet transforms for detecting microcalcifications in mammograms

Clusters of fine, granular microcalcifications in mammograms may be an early sign of disease. Individual grains are difficult to detect and segment due to size and shape variability and because the background mammogram texture is typically inhomogeneous. The authors develop a 2-stage method based on wavelet transforms for detecting and segmenting calcifications. The first stage is based on an undecimated wavelet transform, which is simply the conventional filter bank implementation without downsampling, so that the low-low (LL), low-high (LH), high-low (HL), and high-high (HH) sub-bands remain at full size. Detection takes place in HH and the combination LH+HL. Four octaves are computed with 2 inter-octave voices for finer scale resolution. By appropriate selection of the wavelet basis the detection of microcalcifications in the relevant size range can be nearly optimized. In fact, the filters which transform the input image into HH and LH+HL are closely related to prewhitening matched filters for detecting Gaussian objects (idealized microcalcifications) in 2 common forms of Markov (background) noise. The second stage is designed to overcome the limitations of the simplistic Gaussian assumption and provides an accurate segmentation of calcification boundaries. Detected pixel sites in HH and LH+HL are dilated then weighted before computing the inverse wavelet transform. Individual microcalcifications are greatly enhanced in the output image, to the point where straightforward thresholding can be applied to segment them. FROG curves are computed from tests using a freely distributed database of digitized mammograms.     

低对比度目标探测技术

为了提高联合变换相关器对复杂背景下的低对比度目标的识别能力,提出了小波变换与灰度拉伸以及Canny算法相结合的物面滤波新方法,并设计了新物面处理滤波器.通过计算机模拟和光学实验证明,该方法可以准确地提取目标特征,有效地降低噪声并最终获得明亮的相关峰,成功解决了低对比度复杂背景目标的识别问题.     

复杂光照条件下的多姿状鲁棒性人脸识别方法

为改善复杂光照条件下的多姿状鲁棒性人脸识别的效果,提出了小波变换与LBP的多姿状鲁棒性人脸识别方法。通过二维离散小波变换对人脸图像进行二级小波分解提取到低频特征信息分量,并以重构初始图像的方式实现降噪滤波处理,滤除低频光照分量后完成复杂光照补偿;继续分解复杂光照补偿后的图像,采用LBP算子对子图像的鲁棒性部分纹理特征进行描述后,提取出人脸图像各子图像的直方图特征并连接,得到人脸LBP纹理特征,通过统计法运算该特征距离,并通过K近邻分类器实现人脸特征分类识别。以Yale-B与AR人脸库为测试对象,结果表明,所研究方法对复杂光照鲁棒性较强,识别人脸的准确率与效率较高,整体识别效果较好。     

基于Contourlet变换的红外弱小目标检测方法

介绍了存在背景干扰和噪声情况下的红外图像中弱小目标的检测问题,提出一种基于Contourlet变换的检测算法。首先对图像进行Contourlet变换,利用Contourlet分解后子图像的特性抑制背景和去噪声,最终实现对目标的检测。通过在含有随机目标的红外序列图像中的实验,并与小波变换进行比较,证明了算法的有效性。     

高斯拉普拉斯算子在联合相关变换器中的应用

提出将高斯拉普拉斯算子应用在光电联合相关变换器中进行谱面图像的增强处理.光电混合联合变换器可实现对目标的实时探测、识别及自动定位,但由于实际中采集到的图像的对比度较低,且存在大量背景噪音,影响了目标的识别率.根据高斯拉普拉斯变换对高斯噪声不敏感的特性,结合了自适应阈值、边界跟踪和细化技术,对图像噪声进行滤波的同时,对图像进行了增强处理,这样最大限度地保留了光谱图像的细节信息,提高了光电联合相关系统的目标识别率.     

Image denoising based on gaussian/bilateral filter and its method noise thresholding

The Gaussian filter is a local and linear filter that smoothes the whole image irrespective of its edges or details, whereas the bilateral filter is also a local but non-linear, considers both gray level similarities and geometric closeness of the neighboring pixels without smoothing edges. The extension of bilateral filter: multi-resolution bilateral filter, where bilateral filter is applied to approximation subbands of an image decomposed and after each level of wavelet reconstruction. The application of bilateral filter on the approximation subband results in loss of some image details, whereas that after each level of wavelet reconstruction flattens the gray levels thereby resulting in a cartoon-like appearance. To tackle these issues, it is proposed to use the blend of Gaussian/bilateral filter and its method noise thresholding using wavelets. In Gaussian noise scenarios, the performance of proposed methods is compared with existing denoising methods and found that, it has inferior performance compared to Bayesian least squares estimate using Gaussian Scale mixture and superior/comparable performance to that of wavelet thresholding, bilateral filter, multi-resolution bilateral filter, NL-means and Kernel based methods. Further, proposed methods have the advantage of less computational time compared to other methods except wavelet thresholding, bilateral filter.     

Robust rotation-invariant texture classification: wavelet, Gaborfilter and GMRF based schemes

Three novel feature extraction schemes for texture classification are proposed. The schemes employ the wavelet transform, a circularly symmetric Gabor filter or a Gaussian Markov random field with a circular neighbour set to achieve rotation-invariant texture classification. The schemes are shown to give a high level of classification accuracy compared to most existing schemes, using both fewer features (four) and a smaller area of analysis (16×16). Furthermore, unlike most existing schemes, the proposed schemes are shown to be rotation invariant demonstrate a high level of robustness noise. The performances of the three schemes are compared, indicating that the wavelet-based approach is the most accurate, exhibits the best noise performance and has the lowest computational complexity     

结合光谱和尺度特征的高分辨率图像边缘检测算法

高分辨率遥感图像具有高度细节化的多尺度表达能力,在有效表达地物边缘信息的同时,目标内部几何细节常以噪声的形式出现.提出将光谱相异性和小波变换相结合的边缘特征检测算法,克服了小波变换导致的边缘变形,并能够有效抑制噪声.根据光谱角原理定义归一化光谱相异性模型,并与二进小波变换结合,同时利用梯度方向余弦值对各个波段的梯度幅值加权,最后根据向量场模型计算多光谱图像的梯度幅值和梯度方向,细化后获取由细到粗的多层次边缘特征.实验结果与小波变换和传统检测算子的检测结果相比,表明该算法利用光谱相异性信息增强边缘响应强度,保证了所有尺度下获取的边缘轮廓不失真,边缘点定位准确;加权处理突出了多波段梯度主方向信息,也有效抑制了高分辨率图像上目标内部精细几何细节形成的噪声.     

基于匹配滤波和离散分数阶傅里叶变换的水下动目标LFM回波联合检测

匹配滤波器是高斯白噪声背景下LFM回波的最优检测器,并且根据匹配滤波器输出的峰值位置可以获得目标距离的估计.有色混响噪声背景以及目标径向速度造成的回波和样本失配都将导致匹配滤波器检测性能和测距精度下降.结合匹配滤波的定位特性和分数阶傅里叶变换对LFM信号的聚焦特性,该文提出基于匹配滤波和离散分数阶傅里叶变换的联合检测方法.仿真结果表明联合检测方法性能优于单匹配滤波器,并且可以获得目标径向速度的近似估计.     

多尺度下低对比度红外热图像增强技术

对红外热图像进行增强时，常采用基于直方图的图像灰度线性或非线性变换技术以及中值滤波方法，使图像的目标与背景之间的灰度差别放大并且滤除噪声，从而达到增强图像的目的，其缺点是灰度变换技术易放大噪声而中值滤波方法只能滤除高斯白噪声。由于梯度反映了图像灰度之间的差异，而根据二进小波变换可以建立红外热图像的梯度矢量图，通过增强红外热图像梯度的幅度，可以有效地增强图像对比度。根据脉冲噪声和高斯白噪声的多尺度下小波变换特性，抑制噪声点的梯度且增加目标的梯度幅度，能达到既增强图像又抑制多种噪声的目的。     

粒子滤波在目标跟踪算法中的应用研究

针对非高斯、强噪声背景下的高机动目标实施跟踪时,卡尔曼滤波、扩展卡尔曼滤波等算法将出现滤波精度下降甚至发散现象。粒子滤波方法作为一种基于贝叶斯估计的非线性滤波算法,在处理非高斯非线性时变系统的参数估计和状态滤波问题方面有独到的优势。以目标跟踪问题为背景,将粒子滤波与卡尔曼滤波算法进行了对比研究。     

Robust techniques for abandoned and removed object detection based on Markov random field

This paper presents a novel framework for detecting abandoned objects by introducing a fully-automatic GrabCut object segmentation. GrabCut seed initialization is treated as a background (BG) modelling problem that focuses only on unhanded objects and objects that become immobile. The BG distribution is constructed with dual Gaussian mixtures that are comprised of high and low learning rate models. We propose a primitive BG model-based removed object validation and Haar feature-based cascade classifier for still-people detection once a candidate for a released object has been detected. Our system can obtain more robust and accurate results for real environments based on evaluations of realistic scenes from CAVIAR, PETS2006, CDnet 2014, and our own datasets.     

一种混合噪声图像的自适应滤除方法

基于小波变换的阈值去噪方法仅适用于去除高斯白噪声,对于脉冲噪声得不到好的去噪效果,正交小波变换由于缺乏平移不变性,在去噪过程中会产生人为的振荡现象,使图像边缘失真,甚至图像模糊,提出了基于平稳小波域自适应阈值算法同中值滤波相结合的去噪方法,该方法能有效地滤除图像中的高斯白噪声和脉冲噪声组成的混合噪声,并验证了该方法的有效性。     

基于DFRFT水下动目标LFM回波检测算法

匹配滤波器作为高斯白噪声背景下线性调频信号的最优检测器,在水下声信号处理中得到了广泛的应用。根据匹配滤波器输出峰值位置可以获得目标距离的估计,但运动目标径向速度造成的回波和样本失配将导致匹配滤波器检测性能下降。利用分数阶傅里叶变换对线性调频信号的聚焦特性,提出了应用离散分数阶傅里叶变换的水下运动目标线性调频回波检测算法。仿真测试表明,该算法对于混响噪声背景下径向速度未知动目标的线性调频回波具有良好的检测性能。     

一种基于高斯混合模型的运动目标检测改进算法

在运动目标检测方法的研究中提出一种基于高斯混合模型的运动目标检测的改进算法。首先利用颜色信息对背景建立高斯混合模型;其次在模型更新阶段．为了模型的自适应性和尽量逼近真实信号量,在传统学习率基础上提出一种加权思想,即对均值与方差分别给出一个不同的加权值。最后应用中值滤波及物体空间连通性进行后处理。实验结果表明,与传统高斯混合模型方法相比,改进的方法能更加有效地检测出运动目标,具有较好的鲁棒性。     

基于图像局部特征的红外小目标检测与跟踪算法

基于红外序列图像中小目标的典型特征,提出了一种新的红外小目标检测与跟踪算法.利用图像小目标的微分几何特性,计算图像的最小法向曲率,并以此为阈值,获得小目标的候选对象.之后利用多幅图像之间目标的相关性,在时间尺度上基于Kalman滤波算法,实现对目标噪声的过滤并实现目标的跟踪.最后对算法的有效性进行了验证.     

面向目标检测的稀疏表示方法研究进展

目标检测作为图像理解的一个基础而重要的课题深受国内外学者的重视,在军事和民用中具有广泛应用.应用背景的多样性和复杂性使得传统目标检测算法难以克服复杂背景、噪声干扰、光照变化以及非刚体形变、遮挡、弱特征、尺度、视角和姿态变化等因素的影响.近些年来发展起来的稀疏表示方法为图像处理及目标检测研究提供了新的思路,本文概述了稀疏表示基本概念和理论研究进展,综述了稀疏表示方法在目标特征学习、目标分类器和滤波器设计以及多源信息融合目标检测等目标检测领域中的国内外重要研究进展,并展望了稀疏表示方法在目标检测领域的发展方向.     

基于Deslauriers-Dubuc(4,2)小波的提升方案图像去噪方法

提升小波具有结构简单、运算量低、原位运算、节省缓存空间，逆变换通过结构翻转得到等诸多易于实现的特点。将基于Deslaufiers-Dubuc（4，2）小波的提升方案应用于图像的去躁处理中，能快速有效去除信号中的高斯白噪声等。将提升方案与中值滤波相结合，可同时滤除图像中的高斯白噪声和脉冲噪声等。     

离散小波变换在医学图像中的应用

本文以三维医学体数据作为研究对象,充分利用离散小波变换,对其进行多分辨率分解,把三维医学体数据分解成三个不同方向上的子医学体数据。实验结果表明,三维医学体数据经过离散小波变换后被分割成八个子频带,其主要能量和特征集中在低频子带系数中,可以用来提取特征向量构造零水印。     

基于中值滤波和小波变换图像降噪的新算法

针对小波变换去噪方法仅适用于去除高斯白噪声,对于脉冲噪声得不到良好的降噪效果的问题,文中构造了一个新的小波阈值函数,并对中值滤波进行了改进,将此两者方法相结合进行图像去噪。仿真实验结果表明,新算法能够有效去除高斯白噪声和脉冲噪声,而且去噪后图像的峰值信噪比和均方误差都较单一算法得到改善,从而证明了该方法的有效性。