浅析海洋石油平台短节型多相流量计及其应用

近年来,海洋石油平台上短节型多相流量计的使用日趋广泛。多相流量计作为平台关键设备,在平台的油田开采原油过程中实时掌握油、气、水三相流量,对于油田管理、策略制定、调整方案都是重要一环。本课题将针对近期油田短节型多相流量计的原理和海上应用进行介绍和论述。     

一种新型气液两相质量流量计的探讨与研究

在现代勘探开发过程中,分离器广泛应用于各大油田,产量低、老井再开发已是各大油田的开发常态,针对分离器工艺占地面积大,施工成本高等问题,智能多相流量计应运而生。目前多相流量计正处于研究和试应用阶段,现提出一种新型气液两相流量计的构想。该气液两相质量流量计是一体型结构,具有体积小、重量轻、性价比高的优点,尤其适用于海上平台和陆地油井、天然气井、页岩气井、煤层气井的多相流测量。     

多相流测量中涡轮流量计的影响因子研究

阐述了涡轮流量计的工作原理和动态特性,建立了涡轮流量计的多相流测量模型,并在多相流模拟装置中进行了实验验证,得出了流体密度是涡轮流量计在测量多相流的流量时的影响因子,并且讨论了流体密度影响多相流的流量测量的规律.     

多相流测量中涡轮流量计的影响因素分析

阐述了涡轮流量计的工作原理和动态特性,建立了涡轮流量计的多相流测量模型,并在多相流模拟装置中进行了实验验证,得出了流体密度是涡轮流量计在测量多相流的流量时的影响因子,并且讨论了流体密度影响多相流的流量测量的规律。     

多相流测量中涡轮流量计的影响因子分析

阐述了涡轮流量计的工作原理和动态特性,建立了涡轮流量计的多相流测量模型,并在多相流模拟装置中进行了实验验证,得出了流体密度是涡轮流量计在测量多相流的流量时的影响因子,并且讨论了流体密度影响多相流的流量测量的规律。     

多相流计量综述

综述了国内外多相流计量技术研究的发展概况;将流量计分为三种不同类型,即部分分离的多相流流量计、均相化预处理的多相流流量计和无预处理的多相流量计;介绍了这三种流量计中具有鲜明代表性的多相流量计,对各流量计的原理及应用作了说明;介绍了多相流计量领域的关键技术,并对多相流计量技术应用中存在的问题和发展前景作了概述。     

海上含液天然气流量计开发

阐述在线多相流量计的开发原理和国内外低含液率气液两相流计量技术研究的主要技术路线.结合海上含液天然气流量计开发工作,全面系统地总结了流量计开发的技术路线和研究成果.详细介绍槽式孔板的单相流与两相流测量特性、基于双槽式孔板组合测量原理与软测量技术的流量计计量算法等内容,指出了需要进一步深入研究的方向.     

油气泡对电磁流量计影响径向仿真研究

电磁流量计开始应用于多相流流量测量,运用有限元软件Ansys对电磁流量计中存在非导电物体建立径向仿真模型,在径向截面上研究了流量计中含有非导电物质时流量计的响应特性,并以此分析了含水率不同对流量计信号的影响,为电磁流量计在多相流测量中提供一定的依据.     

一种新型的多相流量计在稠油计量中的成功应用

稠油具有"三高四低"的特点,即原油黏度高、酸值高、含硫高,胶质含量低、含蜡低、沥青质低、凝固点低,且黏滞阻力大,流动性差,计量分离异常的困难,而多相流量计的在线不分离计量技术与传统的测试分离器相比,具有明显的计量优势。从苏丹稠油油田的成功应用也充分的说明X-型多相流量计对稠油井的准确动态实时计量,为油田节约开发成本、调整油藏的管理和产能配置、优化生产过程提供了有效控制方案,同时也充分验证了这一新型计量技术与传统的分离器相比具有明显的技术优势和效果。     

科氏力质量流量计在油井计量中的应用

油井计量技术是油田现代化生产管理的基础,传统的油井计量装置有系统复杂,成本高,测量精度不稳定,维护不方便的缺点。科氏力质量流量计是利用科里奥利力效应制成的新型质量流量计,可以直接测量流体质量和流体密度。因此,科氏力质量流量计配合两相分离器量油在油田得到广泛应用。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Novel polyurethane coating technology through glycidyl carbamate chemistry

Glycidyl carbamate chemistry combines the excellent properties of polyurethanes with the crosslinking chemistry of epoxy resins. Glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional isocyanate oligomers and glycidol. The oligomers were formulated into coatings with several amine functional crosslinkers at varying stoichiometric ratios and cured at different temperatures. Properties such as solvent resistance, hardness, and impact resistance were dependent on the composition and cure conditions. Most coatings had an excellent combination of properties. Studies were carried out to determine the kinetics of the curing reaction of the glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers with multifunctional and model amines. Detailed kinetic analysis of the curing reactions was also undertaken. The results indicated that the glycidyl carbamate functional group is more reactive than a glycidyl ether group. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, on October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.