(Ni-Mo)基太阳吸热涂层中MoC生成机理的研究

绘制了Ｍｏ－Ｃ－Ｈ２Ｏ系的电位－ｐＨ图,研究和分析了（Ｎｉ－Ｍｏ）基太阳吸热涂层中ＭｏＣ的生成机理。研究表明,无论是否在镀液中添加含Ｃ物质,（Ｎｉ－Ｍｏ）基吸热涂层中癖存在ＭｏＣ相。     

生活锅炉停炉保养

对各种停炉保养方法进行了比较，推荐优先选用TH－901缓释剂半干法保护方法。     

内展翅片换热器应用初探

内展翅片换热器是针对气（汽）－－液换热过程的各顶热阻的特点，在管内轴向胀接波纺形片来强化换热的，有效的提高整体换热效率，并且可以承受高压而不发生翅片脱落现象。面对日益紧缺的水资源，它的应用将带来巨大的社会效益和经济效益。     

多元醇二元体系固－固相变贮热的研究

用ＤＳＣ法研究季戊四醇－新戊二醇（ＰＥ－ＮＰＧ），三羟甲基乙烷－新戊二醇（ＰＧ－ＮＰＧ），季戊四醇－２－氨基２－甲基１，３丙二醇（ＰＥ－ＡＭＰ），三羟甲基乙烷－２－氨基２－甲基１，３丙二醇（ＰＧ－ＡＭＰ）和三羟甲基氨基甲烷－新戊二醇（ＴＡＭ－ＮＰＧ）五个多元醇二元体系的固一固相变。这些二元固体溶液的转变温度和转变热与其组成有依赖关系。研究结果可以指导选择贮热材料的组成。     

类 p-i-n 结构 n~ (μc-Si : H)/p(poly-Si)/p~ (poly-Si)薄膜太阳电池的热平衡态特性数值分析

通过应用Ｓｃｈａｒｆｅｔｅｒ－Ｇｕｍｍｅｌ解法，数值求解Ｐｏｉｓｓｏｎ方程，对热平衡态ｎ＋（μｃ－Ｓｉ∶Ｈ）／ｐ（ｐｏｌｙ－Ｓｉ）／ｐ＋（ｐｏｌｙ－Ｓｉ）薄膜太阳电池进行计算机数值模拟。说明类ｐ－ｉ－ｎ结构设计使电池获得了较高的短路电流ＪＳＣ，而中间层ｐ（ｐｏｌｙ－Ｓｉ）的掺杂有利于提高电池的短波量子效率特性，还讨论了ｎ＋（μｃ－Ｓｉ∶Ｈ）和ｐ＋（ｐｏｌｙ－Ｓｉ）等层厚度对光生载流子收集的影响。     

亚克力滤袋在聚丙烯装置中的应用

F－301是一种聚丙烯装置的一袋式过滤器,介质为丙烯加聚合物流体。本文重点介绍了GORE－TEX薄膜的基本结构及其特性,并对GORE－TEX 薄膜／静电聚丙烯酸抗毡（也称亚克力）滤袋在F－301上的应用效果及经济效益情况作了较详尽的介绍,得出了GROE－TEX薄膜／抗静电聚丙烯酸毡滤袋可以在聚丙烯装置推广使用的结论。     

粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄与颅内－外动脉狭窄的关系

目的探讨肾动脉粥样硬化性狭窄（ARAS）与颅内－外动脉狭窄的关系。方法对３０４例疑为颅内－外动脉狭窄的患者行颅内－外动脉造影,同时作双侧肾动脉造影,了解颅内－外动脉和ARAS情况,对临床资料和ARAS的关系进行统计分析。结果３０４例患者中颅内－外动脉狭窄１８６例,ARAS９０例（患病率２９．６％）。１８６例颅内－外动脉狭窄患者合并ARAS７７例,罹患率４１．４％（７７／１８６）。单纯ARAS患者１３例,患病率１１．０％（１３／１１８）。ARAS在颅内－外动脉狭窄病变组中的罹患率明显高于无颅内－外血管病变组,两组间差异具有统计学意义（P＜０．０５）。在颅内－外动脉狭窄组中,中－重度或多支颅内－外动脉狭窄者ARAS发病率高。结论对有颅内－外动脉狭窄病变的患者造影后,应常规行肾动脉造影,以便早期发现ARAS。     

卡特彼勒柴油机系列型谱

13000系列机型直列4缸、6缸机转速2600r／min功率65－135kw（8？－181HP）21．IL系列机型直列4缸、6缸机转速2450－2800r／min功率63－261kw（85－350HP）33200系列机型V型8缸机转速1500－2800r／min功率柴油机乃一280kw（100－375HP）柴油发电机组135－200kw（125－200kV43300系列机型直列4缸、6缸机转速1500－2200r／min功率柴油机63－265kw（85－355HP）气体燃料发动机对一164kw（42－220HP）柴油发电机组180－250kk（180－275kVA）气体燃料发电机组85－150kw（88－156kVA）51．7L系列机型直列6缸机转速1800－2100r／min功率205…     

温室空气-土壤换热系统的数值模拟

该文用FLUENT5.4软件对空气－土壤换热器（SHESS）进行三维动态模拟计算。研究了换热器进出口温度随时间的变化、温度和压力在换热器中的分布。,要用双排管布置，可以保证所有管内的流量均匀分布；采用压头150Pa的排风扇可以保证管内空气流速在最佳范围之内。空气－土壤换热器在华南地区冬季气温回暖期间对温室有明显的降温效果。     

太阳能光热电站有关消防设计问题的探讨

  目的  为太阳光热发电站不同于常规发电厂的系统,制定安全可靠、经济合理的消防设施设计标准,以保障电站的建设和安全运行。  方法  利用现行的国家规范、标准,对太阳能光热电站采用的熔融盐、导热油的特性及其系统设备、建（构）筑物耐火等级进行分析判别;对电站采用的辅助燃料系统和消防给水的有关特殊消防设计问题进行分析探讨。  结果  分析判别固态单体熔融盐火灾危险性为甲类、熔融态熔融盐火灾危险性为戊类,导热油火灾危险性为丙类,熔融盐、导热油系统建（构）筑物的火灾危险性为二级,根据火灾危险性等级提出具体的消防防火措施。  结论  对电站采用熔融盐、导热油的火灾危险性类别分析判别结果符合现行的国家规范、标准,为太阳能光热电站工程的消防设计提供借鉴。     

Thermal chemical enhancement and influence of fluid flow in transesterification of palm oil

This paper presents a model describing the effect of mixing intensity, temperature, and hydrodynamic behavior of transesterification process in a batch continuously stirred tank reactors (CSTR) by using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and optimization by ASPEN PLUS. The effect of varying temperature from 50, 60 to 65°C and impeller speed ranging from 150, 350 to 700 revolutions per minute (rpm) were investigated using CFD within ANSYS Fluent 12.1. It was found that the mixing efficiency varies with impeller speed from 150 to 350 rpm for maximum biodiesel (BD) yield. Also, the concentration of BD is higher near the impeller due to high turbulence dissipation rate in the zone near the impellers. It was observed that high reactor temperature results in an increased rate of BD production. The optimal BD production was achieved at 60°C. The optimization shows that the BD purity as high as 96.7% was obtained with the molar ratio of methanol to palm oil of 6:1, catalyst amount 1.0 wt%, a reaction temperature of 333 K, and a reaction time of 100 min. The model results were validated against published literature data and good correlation between model results and experimental data was observed. The model can potentially be used as a tool for design and optimization of a batch CSTR in BD production.     

Effects of synthetic oil nanofluids and absorber geometries on the exergetic performance of the parabolic trough collector

The parabolic trough collector is 1 of the most deployed solar concentrating collectors in the world. In this research, the commercially available LS‐2 collector has been modeled using the engineering equation solver. The developed model is validated using the experimental results of the Sandia National Laboratory, LS‐2 collector test. The study presents a comparison of the exergetic performance of 4 different absorber tube geometry configurations: conventional absorber tube, longitudinal finned tube, absorber tube with twisted tape insert, and converging‐diverging absorber tube. The system is analyzed to observe the nature of exergy losses and exergy destruction for the various design configurations with the use of Therminol VP‐1 and Al₂O₃‐Therminol VP‐1 nanofluids. The results show that the biggest cause of reduced useful work is because of the destructed exergy from the sun to the absorber. While the optical errors account for a higher percentage of exergy losses. The converging‐diverging absorber geometry produced the best exergetic enhancement of 0.65% with the use of Therminol VP‐1 and 0.73% with the use of Al₂O₃/Therminol VP‐1 nanofluid.     

Simulation and experimental study of the NOx reduction by unburned H2 in TWC for a hydrogen engine

The unburned H₂ can be used to reduce NO emission in conventional TWC (three-way catalyst) for a hydrogen internal combustion engine when it works at equivalence ratio marginally higher than the stoichiometric ratio. To explore the effects and feasibility of this reaction, a Perfectly Stirred Reactor simulation model of TWC has been built with simplified mechanisms. Experiments on a 2.3 L turbocharged hydrogen engine are used to verify the conclusion. It shows that rising initial temperature accelerates the reduction of NO and the maximum reaction rate occurs at 400 °C temperature. The conversion efficiency of NO remains approximately 0 when temperatures below 300 °C. The efficiency reaches a peak value of approximately 98% with 400 °C and declines gradually. The unburned H₂ to NO mixing ratio greater than 1.5 in TWC guarantees 100% NO conversion efficiency. The experiments indicate that the NOx concentration decreases from 2056 ppm to 41 ppm at the stoichiometric ratio after the treatment of TWC and NOx reaches 0 ppm with a rich ratio. Results also demonstrate that the suitable reaction temperatures for TWC locate in the range of 400 °C–500 °C. Therefore, if the temperature and the mixing ratio are appropriate, it can achieve zero emissions with NOx reduction by unburned H₂ in conventional TWC for a hydrogen engine.     

Nanofluids with encapsulated tin nanoparticles for advanced heat transfer and thermal energy storage

Novel high‐temperature heat transfer fluids (HTFs) with incorporated phase change nanomaterials were synthesized and tested for heat transfer and thermal energy storage. The advanced thermal properties were achieved by preparing a nanofluid consisting of core/shell silica encapsulated tin (Sn/SiO₂) nanoparticles dispersed in a synthetic HTF Therminol 66 (TH66) at loadings up to 5 vol%. Tin nanoparticles were synthesized by modified polyole reduction method followed by sol–gel silica encapsulation process. The measured increase in thermal conductivity of the nanofluid (~13% at 5 vol%) was in agreement with Maxwell's effective medium theory. Latent heat of phase change during melting of Sn core added ~11% increase to the volumetric thermal energy storage of the nanofluid when cycled in between 100°C and 270°C. The value could be further improved if thermal cycling is conducted in a narrower temperature range. The experimental results demonstrated dual functionality of the engineered nanofluids as desired for Concentrated Solar Power systems. Viscosity and stability of the nanofluids as well as thermal stability of core/shell nanomaterials) were investigated in a wide temperature range to obtain a perspective on any additional pumping power requirements for the nanofluid over the base fluid. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Performance analysis of a hybrid solar thermoelectric generator

In this paper, a theoretical model is developed to investigate the performance of the hybrid solar thermoelectric generator (HSTEG) system, which is designed without (B-HSTEG) and with an evacuated glass tube (V-HSTEG). The heat loss, power output, thermal efficiency, and electrical efficiency of the B-HSTEG/V-HSTEG system are evaluated by analyzing the design parameters such as geometric solar concentration ratio, thermoelectric figure of merit, and cold-side inlet fluid temperature. The performance of the B-HSTEG is compared with the V-HSTEG system using two heat transfer fluids: water and Therminol VP-1. The maximum electrical efficiency of the B-HSTEG and V-HSTEG is estimated to be 12.2 and 15.6% (ZT = 3) with a corresponding thermal efficiency of about 61.9 and 60.3%, respectively. Overall, this paper provides a systematic performance analysis of HSTEG systems.     

LPG/柴油混合燃料在直喷式柴油机上的应用研究

采用带传统泵嘴供给系统的自然吸气、直喷柴油机，经改装燃用LPG／柴油混合燃料。通过与原柴油机的对比试验可知，LPG混合比为30％(L30)的混合燃料的滞燃期明显延长，最高燃烧压力和最大压力升高率降低，对应的曲轴转角滞后，最大燃烧放热率与原机基本相同，对应的曲轴转角滞后。在转速为2000r／min时，L30发动机的压力曲线出现双峰，近似于MK(modulated kinetics)燃烧。动力性与经济性与原机基本相同，燃烧噪声降低。碳烟和NOx排放大幅下降，CO略有降低，HC排放有所升高。     

Geochemical characteristics of the Yufuin outflow plume, Beppu hydrothermal system, Japan

Thermal water at Yufuin (Kyushu Island, Japan) is tapped through about 820 shallow wells and used mainly for hot-spring bathing purposes. Chemical and isotopic data for fluids from wells and fumaroles in Yufuin and Beppu indicate that the thermal activity at Yufuin represents a dilute, westward-flowing hydrothermal outflow plume from the Beppu hydrothermal system. Two other (eastward-flowing) outflow plumes have long been recognized at Beppu, but the Yufuin outflow plume is first recognized here. The Yufuin outflow plume is apparently a mixture of two end-member fluids: (1) deep high-temperature (250–300°C) fluid from the Beppu system having high chloride concentration (1400–1600 mg/L) and a δ¹⁸O value near −6.0%, and (2) meteoric water having low chloride concentration (≤7 mg/L) and a δ¹⁸O value near −9.2%.A permeable conduit for the vertical and lateral transport of deep fluid from the Beppu system is provided by the Yufuin Fault zone, which extends westward from the southern flank of Mt. Tsurumi volcano to the town of Yufuin. Stable isotope ratios and chloride concentrations for shallow groundwaters near the eastern end of the fault, at an elevation near 700 m, are consistent with those required for the low-chloride meteoric end-member of the Yufuin thermal waters. Recharge of this meteoric water, as well as mixing with the Beppu deep fluid, may occur along the Yufuin Fault. Enthalpy-chloride relations indicate additional conductive heating of the Yufuin waters, in the amount of 350–500 kJ/kg beyond that which can be accounted for by mixing between Beppu deep fluid and meteoric water. This could be a result of conductive heating with convection to a depth of 1–2 km. Estimates of the magnitude of the heat source for the Beppu hydrothermal system should take into account the heat being discharged at Yufuin.     

Exploration of critical hydrogen-mixing ratio of quenching methane/hydrogen mixture deflagration under effect of porous materials in barrier tube

To improve the safety of the methane/hydrogen mixture pipeline network, The experimental deflagration quenching behavior of porous materials on hydrogen mixed methane in barrier tubes was studied, the influence of the hydrogen mixing ratio on the quenching results of porous materials and the transient change of overpressure was discussed, the critical quenching hydrogen mixing ratio of porous materials was explored. Results show that the hydrogen mixing ratio has a significant effect on the quenching results of porous materials. According to the different quenching results of porous materials under different hydrogen mixing ratios, the successful quenching zone (φ<19%) and the quenching failure zone (φ ≥ 19%) can be divided. It can be determined that the critical quenching hydrogen mixing ratio is φ = 19%. The critical quenching speed is 33.0 m/s. When the porous material is coupled with hydrogen mixing, the pressure curve appears as a “multi-peak” phenomenon, and the maximum pressure peak is generated by the “multi-peak” game. If the hydrogen mixing ratio is greater than the critical quenching hydrogen mixing ratio, it may bring about the uncertainty of the maximum pressure peak and increase the unpredictability of the explosion hazard to the gas pipeline network. Therefore, reasonable hydrogen mixing is conducive to improving the safety of methane/hydrogen mixture pipeline network transportation. The research results could provide an important reference for the engineering application of methane/hydrogen mixture flame arrester design and the selection of safe hydrogen concentration.     

Optical properties of liquids for direct absorption solar thermal energy systems

A method for experimentally determining the extinction index of four liquids (water, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, and Therminol VP-1) commonly used in solar thermal energy applications was developed. In addition to the extinction index, we report the refractive indices available within the literature for these four fluids. The final value reported is the solar-weighted absorption coefficient for the fluids demonstrating each fluid’s baseline capacity for absorbing solar energy. Water is shown to be the best absorber of solar energy of the four fluids, but it is still a weak absorber, only absorbing 13% of the energy. These values represent the baseline potential for a fluid to be utilized in a direct absorption solar thermal collector.     

高压气体引射器的试验研究和仿真

以一个高压气体引射器试验台为基础，开展了一系列高压引射试验，研究高背压条件下引射器的工作特性。同时，利用计算流体力学方法对引射器引射，混合过程进行了详细的研究。系列试验表明引射系数对引射气流的压力变化不敏感，但高背压的确对引射气流和被引射气流在混合管内的混合，扩散和流动产生影响。数值仿真克服了试验设备的限制，并显示了引射流动的详细情况。数值仿真结果表明：在一定的工况下，总存在一个最佳面积比和最佳相对位置以对应最大引射系数(即使引射器达到最大工作效率)，而其物理表现为引射器喉管壁面压力最低。正是它们之间的内在关系决定了气体引射器的工作特性。