改性粉煤灰处理含磷废水的研究

采用浓硫酸固相反应法对粉煤灰进行改性用于含磷废水的净化,考察了pH值,吸附剂用量,磷初始浓度,反应时间对净化过程的影响。通过实验发现溶液pH值在4-10范围内对磷的吸附过程影响不显著,改性粉煤灰可以在较宽的pH值范围内进行脱磷处理;随着粉煤灰加入量的增加和初始溶液中磷酸根浓度的降低,磷的净化率逐渐增加。对于含磷50 mg/L的溶液,当粉煤灰的投加量为1.5%时,磷的吸附效率可达99.66%,净化后水中含磷量为0.17 mg/L。改性粉煤灰对水中磷的净化过程速度较快,5 min可达到最大净化率。改性粉煤灰对磷的吸附等温线符合Freudlich方程。     

用硫酸改性粉煤灰处理含磷废水的研究

以硫酸对粉煤灰进行改性用于含磷废水的净化,考察了pH值,吸附剂用量,磷初始浓度,反应时间、反应温度对净化过程的影响。通过实验发现溶液pH值在8~11范围内对磷的吸附过程影响不显著,改性粉煤灰可以在较宽的pH值范围内进行脱磷处理;随着粉煤灰加入量的增加和初始溶液中磷酸根浓度的降低,磷的净化率逐渐增加。对于含磷<80 mg/L的溶液,当粉煤灰的投加量为3%时,反应温度40℃,磷的吸附效率可达97.6%。改性粉煤灰对水中磷的净化过程速度较快,30~40 min可达到最大净化率。     

改性粉煤灰净化污水处理厂含磷废水

采用改性粉煤灰对污水处理厂一沉池含磷废水进行净化,考察了pH值、吸附剂用量,反应时间和反应温度对净化过程的影响.通过实验发现改性粉煤灰净化含磷废水过程中适宜的pH值为7.0;磷的净化率随着粉煤灰加入量的增加而逐渐增加,对于质量浓度为3.55 mg/L的一沉池含磷废水,当粉煤灰的投加量为0.1×10-2 g/mL时,磷的...     

硫酸亚铁改性粉煤灰去除水中低浓度磷的特性研究

研究以粉煤灰为原料、以硫酸亚盐为改性剂制得改性吸磷剂,研究其除磷性能,为制备低成本高效的水体除磷剂提供技术支持。实验结果表明:对于处理50mL的浓度为1mg/L的含磷废水,改性粉煤灰的最优实验条件:吸附剂投加量为5g,吸附时间为40min,溶液的pH值为7。此时,磷的去除率可达90%以上,并且去除率随着初始磷浓度的增加而下降。与天然粉煤灰相比,改性粉煤灰的除磷率从32.4%增加到89.7%,增大了57.3%。     

改性粉煤灰去除水中磷及吸附机理研究

粉煤灰用适量亚铁离子改性后对磷的吸附能力有较大改善.温度是影响吸附效果的重要因素.含磷50mg/L的溶液投加改性粉煤灰的量为100:2.5、100:3.5时磷的吸附效率达98%、99%以上.根据粉煤灰改性前后的表面带电(ζ电位)变化,结合改性粉煤灰吸附磷前后的红外光谱,认为改性粉煤灰对磷酸根离子的吸附属离子交换吸附.     

改性粉煤灰处理含磷废水研究

粉煤灰用适量亚铁离子改性后对磷的吸附能力有明显改善。温度是影响吸附效果的重要因素，温度升高有利于粉煤灰对磷酸根的吸附。含磷50mg／L的溶液投加改性粉煤灰的量为2．5％，3．5％时磷的吸附效率达98％、99％以上，溶液含磷量降至1mg／L、0．5mg／L以下。     

粉煤灰镧改性吸附水中磷的性能研究

将粉煤灰与碳酸钾混合后焙烧,再浸渍硝酸镧,制备出镧改性粉煤灰(La-FA)。通过多种手段对La-FA进行了表征,并研究了其对含磷废水的吸附性能。结果表明：La-FA表面形成许多孔隙,具有更多吸附位点和羟基官能团,硅和铝含量的增加。La-FA零点电位的pH值为5.8。当水中磷的质量浓度为30 mg/L、温度为20℃、pH为4.1时,投加2 g/L的La-FA且吸附时间为20 min时,磷去除率可达98%,吸附量为24.13 mg/g。La-FA对磷的吸附过程可分为三个阶段,符合Langmuir等温吸附模型和拟二级吸附动力学模型。吸附过程是自发进行的,且为吸热反应,吸附机理为离子交换。     

粉煤灰对甲基橙的吸附研究

研究了粉煤灰对甲基橙的吸附性能,探讨了各种处理条件对吸附效果的影响。结果表明:对于80mL初始浓度为6.4mg·L-1的甲基橙模拟废水,采用10g·L-1粉煤灰对其进行吸附处理,当pH=3～5时,于20℃下恒温振荡1.5h,其去除率可达99.5%。     

改性火山石对氟离子的吸附性能研究

选用盐酸改性天然火山石作为吸附剂,研究了其对水中氟离子的去除性能,探究吸附时间、改性火山石投加量和溶液pH值对氟离子吸附效果的影响。结果表明,盐酸改性提高了火山石对氟离子的吸附能力。改性火山石对含氟废水的处理时间较短,120min即可达到平衡;吸附剂投加量为8g·L-1时,氟离子的吸附去除率达到最大,为82.4%;溶液pH为4～7的范围内,对氟离子的吸附去除率达到75%以上。正交实验结果发现,当吸附时间为60min,改性火山石投加量为8g·L-1,溶液pH为4时,对氟离子的吸附效果较好。改性火山石吸附氟离子的过程更符合Langmuir模型,吸附过程更接近单层吸附,吸附容量可达0.91mg·g-1,吸附动力学符合Lagergren二级动力学方程,吸附速率快。     

改性活性炭对饮用水中氟离子的静态吸附研究

饮用水中的氟含量超标严重危害人体健康,如何有效减少饮用水中氟含量,使之达到饮用水标准显得尤为重要。通过不同浓度酸改性的粉末和颗粒活性炭制备改性活性炭,并对饮用水中F-的静态吸附进行研究,发现3mol·L-1浓度的酸改性的粉末活性炭,活化时间5h时吸附效果最佳。F-的静态吸附最佳吸附工艺:F-初始浓度14.0mg·L-1,改性活性炭投加量6g·L-1,吸附时间40min,pH值为3,并且改性活性炭吸附F-是以物理吸附为主的单分子层吸附过程。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。