ZnO：Al透明导电膜的制备及其性能的研究

利用脉冲激光法制备了ＺｎＯ：Ａｌ透明导电膜。通过膜进行霍尔系数测量及ＳＥＭ、ＸＲＤ测试分析，详细研究了靶材中的化学配比（掺杂比）对膜的透光率和电阻率的影响。结果表明：掺杂比、氧分压强影响着膜的电学、光学性能和膜的结晶状况。从电学分析看出：掺杂比从０．７５％增至１．５％过程中，膜的载流子浓度、透光率（在波长大于５００ｎｍ的范围）和光隙能相应增大。在氧分压强为０Ｐａ（不充氧）、掺杂比为１．５％左右时沉     

氧分压强和基片温度对脉冲激光沉积的ZnO：Al膜性能的影响

利用脉冲激光法制备了ＺｎＯ：Ａｌ透明导电膜。通过对膜进行霍尔系数测量及ＳＥＭ、ＸＲＤ测试分析，详细研究了沉积时基片温度、氧分压强对膜的透光率和电阻率的影响。结果表明：基片温度、氧分压强影响着膜的电学、光学性能和膜的结晶状况。从电学分析看出：基片温度从２００℃升到３００℃过程中，膜的载流子浓度、透光率和光隙能相应增大。在氧分压强为０Ｐａ、基片温度为４００℃下沉积的膜，其电阻率具有较低值，且在可见光区     

无Co混合导电型陶瓷透氧膜的制备和性质研究

首次合成了Ｓｒ１０－ｎ／２ＢｉｎＦｅ２０Ｏｍ（ｎ＝２，４，６，８，１０等）系列氧化物透氧膜，它们具有较高的透氧能力，其中，样品ｎ＝１０在１１００Ｋ时的透氧率为０．９０ｍｌ（ＳＴＤ）／（ｃｍ２·ｍｉｎ），比Ｓｒ１－ｘＢｉｘＦｅＯ３高约两倍．Ｓｒ１－ｘＢｉｘＦｅＯ３（ｘ＝０．１，０．３，０．５）系列的透氧率随Ｂｉ含量增加而增大．通过两个系列氧化物的ＸＲＤ和化学组成的对比，发现Ｂｉ离子含量和晶格空位浓度对透氧能力大小起决定性作用．     

振动膜型真空计的特性

现己发明一种用来对１０－３～２０乇范围的压强进行连续测量的振动膜型真空计。测量压强的方法有两种。一种方法的依据是振动膜的振幅依赖于气体压强。用这种方法得到了下列特性：（１）在０．２乇时的应答时间为０．０６秒３（２）灵敏度对温度的依赖性在０．２毛时为０．０８％／℃、。在１０乇时为－ ０．２％／℃（３）在室温时的可重复性小于 ０．７％。另一种方法的依据是膜的共振频率依赖于气体压强。由此法得到的显著特性是灵敏度对气体种类的依赖性很小。例如,对空气和氦气的灵敏度的差在１０乇时为４％。     

离子束辅助沉积制备TiO_2-Nb_2O_5氧敏薄膜

采用离子束辅助沉积方法在Ａｌ２Ｏ３陶瓷衬底上制备了ＴｉＯ２Ｎｂ２Ｏ５氧敏薄膜。考察了薄膜组分比及退火温度对薄膜氧敏特性和结构的影响。电阻氧分压特性测试结果表明，纯Ｎｂ２Ｏ５薄膜的氧敏特性优于纯ＴｉＯ２薄膜；掺入少量的Ｔｉ可使Ｎｂ２Ｏ５薄膜的氧敏特性提高，以５ｍｏｌ％ＴｉＯ２掺杂的Ｎｂ２Ｏ５薄膜最佳；过量掺杂则使Ｎｂ２Ｏ５薄膜的氧敏特性明显变差。在５ｍｏｌ％ＴｉＯ２Ｎｂ２Ｏ５薄膜中再掺入少量的Ｐｔ（０３％０５％）可使其氧敏特性更好，而且其响应时间大大缩短。Ｘ射线衍射谱（ＸＲＤ）和Ｘ射线光电子谱（ＸＰＳ）分析表明，在退火后的ＴｉＯ２Ｎｂ２Ｏ５薄膜中Ｎｂ２Ｏ５为单斜（Ｍｆｏｒｍ）结晶相，而掺杂的Ｔｉ以非晶的ＴｉＯ２形式存在，即使在高达３４ｍｏｌ％ＴｉＯ２Ｎｂ２Ｏ５薄膜中也不例外。纯ＴｉＯ２膜为金红石结构。不同退火温度（９００１１０００Ｃ）对薄膜的氧敏特性和结构无明显影响。     

ZnO:Al透明导电膜的制备及其性能的研究

利用脉冲激光法制备了 Zn O:Al透明导电膜。通过对膜进行霍尔系数测量及SEM、XRD测试分析 ,详细研究了靶材中的化学配比 (掺杂比 )对膜的透光率和电阻率的影响。结果表明 :掺杂比、氧分压强影响着膜的电学、光学性能和膜的结晶状况。从电学分析看出 :掺杂比从0 .75%增至 1 .5%过程中 ,膜的载流子浓度、透光率 (在波长大于 50 0 nm的范围 )和光隙能相应增大。在氧分压强为 0 Pa(不充氧 )、掺杂比为 1 .5%左右时沉积的膜 ,其电阻率达到最小 ,其值为 7.1× 1 0 -4 Ω cm,且在可见光区其透光率超过了 90 %。     

类金刚石碳膜的红外特性研究

用射频等离子体方法分解甲烷，在Ｇｅ片上制备了类金刚石碳（ＤＬＣ）膜。该膜折射率在２左右，具有较好的增透作用。双面镀ＤＬＣ膜系统在红外透射比，随膜厚不同，其极大值在３．８－１０．６μｍ范围内，在１０．６μｍ处红外透射比达９４．５％。镀制在直径为１００ｍｍＧｅ基片上的ＤＬＣ／Ｇｅ／ＤＬＣ膜系，在１０．６μｍ处，膜片中心的红外透射比为９３．９％，距中心不同距离的５个点的红外透射比为９１．１％，该膜系具有     

掺杂BaCeO3和SrCeO3在氧,氢及水气气氛下的电导性能

掺杂碱土金属铈酸盐系统：ＭＣｅ１－ｘＲｘＯ３－ｘ／２（Ｍ＝Ｂａ，Ｓｒ；Ｒ＝Ｙｂ，Ｙ，Ｇｄ，Ｌａ；ｘ＝０．０１～０．１０）可由固相反应制得单相化合物，Ｘ射线衍射分析表明，掺杂元素及掺杂量对掺杂ＢａＣｅＯ３和ＳｒＣｅＯ３的晶体结构影响不大。用复数阻抗谱研究了在氧、氢、水气气氛下的电导性能。在各种气氛下ＭＣｅ０．９５Ｙｂ０．０５Ｏ２．９７５（Ｍ＝Ｂａ，Ｓｒ）的电导率最大。根据测试结果，结合缺陷化学理论讨     

硼掺杂的γ-Al_2O_3催化膜的制备及其热稳定性的研究

在勃姆石Ａ１ＯＯＨ溶胶中引入一定量的Ｈ２ＢＯ３溶液,经不同温度的热处理,制成不同硼掺杂含量的无支撑的γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化膜．用ＸＲＤ、ＢＥＴ分别对膜的晶相和膜的微孔结构,包括比表面积、孔径和孔容进行了研究,结果发现：随着硼含量的增加,在低温下,膜的比表面积和孔容都不断增加,而对孔径的影响不大;经１２００℃处理后,未掺杂硼的膜的比表面积,孔径和孔容分别为 ５．４ｍ２／ｇ, ４９ｎｍ和 ０．０６３ｃｍ３／ｇ,而经掺杂 １６％摩尔硼的膜的比表面积,孔径和孔容分别为 ３５ｍ２／ｇ, １３ｎｍ和 ０．２２５ｃｍ２／ｇ,这说明硼的掺杂对 γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３膜的热稳定性有很好的改善作用．     

CoNiP高密度磁记录介质性能的研究

用化学镀法制取了ＣｏＮｉＰ磁性合金薄膜，测定了膜厚和成分对磁性能的影响，结果表明：随膜厚的增加，平行于膜面的矫顽力Ｈｃ（／／）和垂直于膜面的矫顽力Ｈｃ（┴）下降，当膜厚大于０．２μｍ时，趋于平缓，ＣｏＮｉＰ合金中钴的含量从１０．５３％到７４．３７％变化时，其Ｈｃ（／／）和Ｈｃ（┴）分别由０．３和５．１增加到９３．４和１０８．９ＫＡ／ｍ。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Friction Stir Processing Strategies for Uniform Distribution of Reinforcement in a Surface Composite

Friction stir processing (FSP) is an important technique for preparing surface composites. Fabricating defect-free surface composites with uniform particle distribution by FSP is a challenging task. In this study, silicon carbide particles reinforced AA5083 alloy surface composites was fabricated using different FSP strategies including variation in process parameters, dual-tool processing and tool offset overlapping. Material flow of the processed material with reinforcement particles demonstrated that the distribution of particles was influenced by the stirring action of the probe as well as the extrusion of the plasticized material due to the movement of the tool. Process parameters, particularly rotational speed, showed a dominant influence on the distribution of silicon carbide particles.