单壁纳米碳管/纳米铝基复合材料的增强效果

用半连续氢电弧法和活性氢等离子蒸发法分别制备出单壁纳米碳管(SWNTs)和纳米A1粉体，然后用提纯后的SWNTs和纳米A1粉体制备出SWNTs含量(质量分数)分别为0、2．5％、5．0％、7．5％和10.0％的单壁纳米碳管／纳米铝基块体复合材料．SWNTs对高强度纳米A1基体具有显著的增强作用，当SWNTs含量小于5．0％时，材料的硬度随着SWNTs含量的提高线性上升．其中5％SWNTs和纳米A1的复合增强效果最好，其硬度可达2.89GPa，大约是粗晶A1(0．15GPa)的20倍．当SWNTs含量超过5．0％时，增强效果开始缓慢的下降．讨论了单壁纳米碳管增强纳米铝基复合材料的强化机制．     

新型纳米Al2O3强化铜基复合材料的制备及其摩擦学性能

纳米复合材料是目前的研究热点,采用热压烧结法制备了纳米Al2O3颗粒强化铜基复合材料。采用阿基米德排水法测试了复合材料的致密度,采用硬度计测试其硬度,采用表面三维形貌仪测量其磨损体积并观察磨痕的三维形貌;采用摩擦磨损试验机研究了复合材料的摩擦磨损性能并分析其磨损机制;采用扫描电镜及能谱仪观察复合材料磨损前后的表面形貌、分析磨痕的化学成分;研究了工艺参数及Al2O3含量对复合材料性能的影响。结果表明:复合材料的最佳热压制备工艺为热压温度900℃,热压压力27.5 MPa,保温时间2 h,所得铜基复合材料的相对致密度达99.03%;随Al2O3含量增加,复合材料的硬度增加,耐磨性先升高后降低;Al2O3含量为2%时,复合材料磨损量最少,相对耐磨性为3.13,硬度较纯铜提高了35.5%;随Al2O3含量的增加,铜基复合材料的磨损机制从以黏着磨损为主转变为以磨粒磨损为主。     

6vol%纳米B_4C_P/2009Al复合材料的颗粒分布特征及性能

采用三维高效混料机混料、多级真空热压和热挤压制备了增强体含量为6vol%的纳米B_4C_P(n-B_4C_P,50nm)/2009Al复合材料,研究复合材料中n-B_4C_P分布、形成机制以及对n-B_4C_P/2009Al复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明:当混料球料比为5∶1时,复合粉末经过30h混料后,纳米B_4C_P基本均匀分布于Al合金颗粒表面;热压态复合材料中n-B_4C_P偏聚在基体晶界处,经过热挤压后,复合材料中的n-B_4C_P呈弥散均匀分布。热挤压过程中,基体合金的塑性流动对分布于晶界处的纳米B_4C_P形成剪切作用力,断裂的纳米B_4C_P团聚体沿着剪切应力方向发生重新分布是实现n-B_4C_P均匀分布的主要机制。经过495℃保温1h后水淬,175℃人工时效16h后,增强体含量为6vol%n-B_4C_P/2009Al复合材料硬度比基体合金提高了36.4%,抗拉强度和屈服强度分别提高10.9%和26.2%。n-B_4C_P/2009Al复合材料的拉伸断口表现出韧性断裂和脆性断裂混合特征。     

纳米SiC陶瓷颗粒增强35CrMo基复合材料的工艺及耐磨损性能研究EI北大核心

为了提高钻具的耐磨性,采用热压法制备了纳米SiC陶瓷颗粒增强35CrMo基复合材料。采用OPM和SEM分析了所得SiC/35CrMo复合材料的金相组织和显微结构,测试了SiC/35CrMo复合材料的密度、硬度及摩擦磨损性能。结果表明:纳米SiC陶瓷颗粒可以显著提高35CrMo基体材料的硬度及耐磨损性能;在SiC陶瓷颗粒质量分数为2%,压强为80MPa,热压温度为1050℃,保温2h的热压条件下,所得SiC/35CrMo复合材料的硬度比热轧态35CrMo提高了15.4%,其在油润滑介质中与套管常用钢J55对偶盘连续摩擦300次后的体积磨损率仅为0.025%。     

NiAl(Co)-TiC纳米复合材料的制备及力学性能

将Ni,Ai,Co,Ti,C各元素，按Ni50Al45C05 10%TiC和Ni50Al45Co5 20%TiC名义成分配比混合，在高能球磨机内进行机械合金化（MA），纳米晶粉末经过热压（HP）和热等静压（HIP）处理，制备出晶粒大小为80－250nm原位内生TiC颗粒，晶粒为100－350nm NiAl(Co)基体的块体复合材料，其室温屈服强度达1394－1660MPa,具有12％－13％压缩形变，NiAl(Co)-20%TiC纳米晶复合材料，在700℃压缩形变至30％时，表面光滑没有裂纹，在1100℃下，高温屈服强度为136MPa，是铸态纯NiAl的4倍。     

热压温度对纳米粘土增强炭/炭复合材料结构和性能的影响

采用热压与致密化工艺分别在1 000、1 100、1 200和1 300℃下制备出纳米粘土增强一维炭/炭复合材料(C/C)。利用XRD、激光拉曼光谱等研究纳米粘土的热转变规律,利用体密度、导热率、抗弯强度及模量等数据研究纳米粘土的热转变对C/C复合材料的影响。采用场发射扫描电镜分析试样微观形貌。结果表明,热压温度对纳米粘土增强C/C复合材料的结构和性能影响显著。1 200℃热压制备的C/C复合材料抗弯强度最大为230.1 MPa,模量最大为87.3 GPa。C/C复合材料中的纳米粘土1 200℃热压转变成莫来石、方石英、无序粘土、有序炭及无序炭。这些组分均匀分散在基体中,可改善基体炭结构以及基体炭和炭纤维的界面,提高复合材料的力学性能;1 300℃热压时纳米粘土中的Si O2与基体炭发生碳热还原反应,破坏了基体结构,导致材料的抗弯强度和模量降低,而反应产物Si C提高了材料的导热率。     

纳米Cu-Al2O3复合材料的烧结法制备研究

研究了纳米Al2O3陶瓷颗粒增强铜基复合材料制备技术.选用纳米级Al2O3陶瓷颗粒作为增强相,采用超声波增强化学镀的方法完成对纳米Al2O3陶瓷颗粒金属铜包覆,热压烧结成纳米Al2O3陶瓷颗粒增强铜基复合材料,开采用XRD、TEM等分析测试技术对其组织性能进行研究.     

SiC和SiO2纳米颗粒弥散强化铜基复合材料的制备和性能研究

采用粉末冶金法制备了不同含量的纳米SiC和SiO2颗粒增强的Cu基复合材料．研究了增强相含量对铜基复合材料性能的影响，比较了n-SiC和n-SiO2对铜的增强效果。结果表明，n-SiO2和n-SiC颗粒较少含量较少时在基体中分布较为均匀，团聚较少；随着复合材料中n-SiC和n-SiO2质量分数的增加，材料的密度降低，电阻率升高，而硬度先升高后降低；两种复合材料的软化温度都达到700℃以上，远远高于纯铜的软化温度（15012），提高了材料的热稳定性；颗粒含量相同时，n-SiC的对铜基体的增强效果要优于n-SiO2。     

晶内/晶间复合型Al2O3/Ni纳米金属陶瓷显微结构和力学性能的研究

采用非均相沉淀法和热压工艺制备了Al2O3/Ni纳米金属陶瓷.在1450℃热压γ-Al2O3/Ni复合粉体得到相对密度＞98%的金属陶瓷.结果表明,Ni颗粒均匀分布在基体中,其中＜100nm的Ni颗粒位于Al2O3晶内,100～300nm的分布在晶界,形成了晶内/晶界复合型纳米金属陶瓷.同单相Al2O3相比,Al2O3/Ni金属陶瓷的三点抗弯强度和断裂韧性分别增加了26%和79%分析了纳米金属陶瓷的增强增韧机制.     

自生法制备纳米-微米颗粒增强B4C基复合材料

采用原位自生法设计并制备了一种新型纳米-微米颗粒增强B4C基复合材料:Al2O3-TiB2/B4C.理论计算和实验证明,可在相对较低的温度(1950℃)下成功实现预期的原位反应,得到完全致密化的复合材料.复合材料中生成细小均匀的微米级Al2O3和TiB2颗粒增强相,并在B4C晶粒内部形成Al2O3纳米颗粒增强相,得到晶间/晶内复合增强的组织结构.复合材料具有优异的综合力学性能,维氏硬度值达到28.8GPa,断裂韧性高达8.27 MPam1/2,耐磨性能大幅提高,K IC3/4*HV1/2达到26,是一种很有发展潜力的复合材料.还探讨了该种纳米-微米颗粒增强复合材料的韧化机制.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.