年产8万吨有机气体提纯及充装改造项目

<正>该项目位于河南省濮阳市范县产业集聚区濮王产业园,由濮阳市华勋工业气体有限公司投资建设,年产8万吨有机气体提纯及充装改造项目(建设5万t/a液化气分离及提纯装置、3万t/a烯烃分离装置)。工艺技术:以液化石油气为原料,液化石油气-加热-催化-精馏分离-冷凝-回流-分馏-储存罐。主要设备:提纯装置、反应塔、加热炉、容器、机泵、冷换     

上海石化70万t乙烯改造工程通过竣工验收

2004年11月26日，上海石化70万t／a乙烯改造工程顺利通过竣工验收。年产70万t的乙烯改造工程是上海石化原30万t/a乙烯装置扩产改造到40万t/a后的第二轮改造，是上海石化四期工程建设的主体工程，主要分70万t／a乙烯装置改扩建和配套新建两部分，由7套工艺装置及配套设施组成。项目总体设计批准概算投资为46．8亿元，工程竣工决算实际完成投资37.9亿元。     

简讯

燕化公司化学品事业部现有2套苯酚丙酮生产装置,其产品在国内市场占有率达20％以上。2002年苯酚丙酮产品的实际生产能力已达8万t以上。 燕化公司16万t/a苯酚丙酮装置扩能改造项目日前正式启动。化学品事业部苯酚丙酮装置由8万t/a扩大到16万t/a,扩能技术改造项目是燕     

我厂过磷酸钙扩产措施简析

论述了太化集团公司磷肥厂过磷酸钙生产线的主要改造内容。产量由原20万t/a提高到32万t/a,费用约为新建项目的10％,取得了增产50％以上的效果。使整个生产流程顺畅,生产状况良好,环境污染得到有效控制。     

烧碱工艺改造中的供电和整流系统

介绍了江苏梅兰化工股份有限公司在烧碱工艺改造中的供电和整流系统的设计、特点及施工情况。该公司的这次改造,使其烧碱生产能力先由5万t/a烧碱增到10万t/a,再增到12万t/a。     

15万t/a转鼓复合肥装置改造总结

通过对阳煤丰喜肥业(集团)有限责任公司15万t/a转鼓复合肥装置的改造,总结转鼓复合肥设计及生产中的注意事项,包括原料配料系统、筛分设备、除尘设备、包膜滚筒、冷却设备存在的问题及改造措施。改造后,颗粒强度由12 N提高到20 N,订单量由4万~5万t/a提高至12万t/a,年节约费用298.76万元。     

工程建设项目信息

·山西晋城发展甲醇产业,当前正在建设的甲醇项目有兰化集团的150万t/a、沁水天和化工公司12万t/a、天脊高平化工公司7万t/a、晋丰化工公司6万t/a。·由云南解化集团有限公司投资9.7亿元,建设生产能力为15万t/a的二甲醚生产装置,计划2007年投产。·江苏新苏化纤有限公司在新苏建15万t/a聚脂项目,由中国寰球工程公司承担总承包。·大庆石化80万t/a乙烯装置改造工程由中国寰球工程公司承担初步设计和详细设计。·中石油独山子石化分公司和中国石化工程建设公司合作将在独山子建设1000万t/a炼油及120万t/a乙烯改扩建工程,由中国石化工程建设公…     

焦炉煤气配半水煤气生产合成氨扩能改造

分析了山西丰喜华瑞煤化工公司焦炉煤气配半水煤气生产合成氨18-30项目生产工艺流程,结合周边焦化厂富余焦炉煤气的实际供应情况,对原工艺流程进行优化,改造方案为:增加变压吸附提氢工序、强化甲烷转化工艺条件、增加部分设备等。通过改造,可使合成氨生产能力由18万t/a提高到24万t/a、尿素生产能力由30万t/a提高到40万t/a,取得较好的经济效益和社会效益。     

生产建设

韩国LG化学将投资7600万美元对宁波ABS装置进行扩能改造，产能将由目前的33万t／a增至48万t／a，工程于2006年第二季度完成。目前中国对ABS需求强劲，增长速度达到8．7％，而世界平均增长速度为5％。     

普利斯二代乙氧基化装置扩能改造设计

提出了普利斯二代乙氧基化装置扩能改造设计方案,装置生产能力由5.2万t/a提高到7.5万t/a,综合能耗由51.3 kg Eo/t降至43.6 kg Eo/t,节约费用85.51元/t。     

Wide angle X-ray diffraction study of the solid-phase chlorinated poly(ethylene)

Series of samples of solid-phase chlorinated poly(ethylene) (CPE) have been studied by using both the methods of wide angle X-ray diffraction analysis (WAXD) and optical microscopy. Some basic crystallographic characteristics of CPE of 1.27 to 56.09 chlorine content were determined. The increase of chlorine content in the product was found to result in a relatively weak increase of the parameter a for melt-crystallized samples, whereas the parameter c values of the cold-sintered samples decreased. The crystallite sizes in the [110] and [020] directions for the melt-crystallized samples increased to the higher extent up to, approximately, 10% chlorine content, as compared to those of CPE available as powder or pellets. The degree of crystallinity was reduced as the chlorine content increased, but, even with 56% chlorine introduced, the polymer had a crystalline-amorphous structure. The optical micrographs showed that, up to 40% Cl, CPE had crystalline structure dominated by the formation of spherolites whereas, at higher chlorine content, structures of the lower order of crystallinity were formed. These observed changes were predominantly determined by the defects in the PE crystals, resulting from the inclusion of a certain fraction of chloromethylene groups therein.     

1-chlorobutadiene–butadiene rubber. IV. Increasing the hydroxyl group content in the rubber

The hydroxyl group content in 1-chlorobutadiene–butadiene rubber (CB–BR) was increased by the following two methods: (1) heating of the CB–BR latex to hydrolyze the unstable chlorine in CB–BR and (2) introduction of hydroxyl by the Menschutkin-type reaction between 2-dimethylaminoethanol (DMAE) and the chlorine in CB–BR. By heating the latex at 70°C for 12 hr, 55% chlorine was hydrolyzed to result in a marked increase in hydroxyl group content in CB–BR, i.e., at least 55% chlorine is situated in the CB units of the 1,4-configuration. Heat-treated CB–BR was found to contain a small amount of conjugated triene structure by UV spectroscopy, which indicates that elimination of some unstable chlorine as hydrogen chloride occurs during latex heating. By reaction with DMAE, 44% chlorine was converted into hydroxyl in toluene at 27°C. CB–BR compounded with DMAE does not suffer from gelation by milling on an open roll. Thus, by these methods, high molecular weight butadiene rubber having various concentrations of hydroxyl groups is obtained.     

Synthesis,crosslinking, and characterization of energetic polymers through the azidification of glycidyl ether prepolymers

Low‐molecular‐weight atactic poly(propylene oxide) and poly(epichlorohydrin) (PECH) were chlorinated on average up to 4.42 chlorine atoms per repeat unit. A study of the products showed that chlorine substitution preferentially occurred on already chlorinated repeat units, yielding chlorine ‐rich and chlorine ‐poor sequences. As the extent of chlorine substitution increased, the glass‐transition temperature of the polymers markedly increased, and their solubility in most of the organic solvents drastically decreased. The chlorinated polymers were azidified with NaN₃ in dimethyl sulfoxide solutions. An analysis showed that azide groups replaced 99.8–99.9% of the initially present chlorine atoms. As the azide content of the samples increased, initially opaque polymers become dark brown, and their solubility increased in water but decreased in organic solvents. Samples with approximately four or more azide groups per repeat unit were only soluble in dimethyl sulfoxide and water. The standard enthalpy of formation of the polymers became increasingly positive as the azide content increased. The enthalpy of formation of a sample with 4.42 N₃/repeat unit was 6929 kJ/repeat unit, whereas this value was only 103 kJ/mol for classical GAP. An azidified sample from PECH (4.42 N₃/repeat unit) was crosslinked with a commercial triisocyanide into a rubbery product. The density and ultimate tensile strength of the rubbery product were 1.44 g/cm³ and 4.84 MPa, and it swelled about 10% at 20°C in water.© 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91:3785–3790, 2004     

工艺条件对丙酮高选择性一氯化反应的影响

采用填料塔作为氯化反应器,在塔内全回流的丙酮与氯气进行反应,实现了丙酮的高选择性一氯化。研究了水量及气速对一氯化选择性反应的影响。结果表明：水与丙酮体积比为１∶１５０时,产物中一氯丙酮的含量达到最大值;尽量低的通氯速率对避免重复氯化反应有利,在１７ｇ／ｈＣｌ２的条件下,所得产品中一氯丙酮的质量分数高达９３．８５％。另外,反应速度随氯气气速的增大而增大     

含PVC混合塑料水热反应中的氯迁移特性

聚氯乙烯(PVC)的大量使用导致城市生活垃圾(MSW)中的氯含量相对较高。水热反应将氯尤其是有机氯高效脱除是实现垃圾无害化处理和资源化利用的前提。MSW中塑料组分复杂，有机氯主要来源于PVC，研究影响PVC水热脱氯中氯迁移特性的因素具有重要意义。选取两种型号(HB-65和S-65)的PVC和聚乙烯(PE)、聚丙烯(PP)、聚苯乙烯(PS)、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)作为原料，研究了PVC自身性能和水热条件对氯脱除的影响规律，考察了塑料混合水热过程中的氯迁移特征。结果表明，PVC自身性能是影响水热脱氯内在因素，水热条件如水热温度、保温时间和反应物浓度是外在因素。塑料因不同的热膨胀性在混合水热过程中存在协同效应，添加PP和ABS使PVCHB-65脱氯率分别下降了71.66%和70.96%，使PVCS-65脱氯率分别下降了19.05%和18.15%；添加PE和PS使PVCHB-65脱氯率分别下降了71.06%和43.06%，使PVCS-65脱氯率分别升高了8.20%和46.70%。     

秸秆烘焙过程氯、硫释放及AAEMs迁徙转化特性研究

利用固定床管式炉研究了玉米秆中氯、硫、碱及碱土金属（AAEMs）在不同烘焙温度下的释放和迁徙转化规律。研究发现氯、硫的释放率随烘焙温度升高呈递增趋势，在220~300℃范围内氯和硫的释放率分别为10%~40%和27%~60%。烘焙后样品中氯的绝对含量相比原样有所增加，并且以碱金属氯化物形式存在的无机氯占比减少，有机氯占比增加；硫的绝对含量显著降低，烘焙后可达到Ⅰ级成型燃料中硫含量要求。AAEMs在烘焙过程中释放率均较低，但赋存形态发生一定变化，主要表现为水溶性AAEMs含量降低，有机结合态AAEMs含量增加，此外盐酸酸溶性和不溶性Ca、Mg的占比也有一定程度增加。     

Release and transformation characteristics of chlorine,sulfur and AAEMs during cornstalk torrefaction

A fixed-bed tube furnace was used to study the release and migration and transformation of chlorine, sulfur, alkali and alkaline earth metals (AAEMs) in corn stalks at different baking temperatures. It was found that the release ratios of chlorine and sulfur, which increased continuously with temperature in the range of 220—300℃, were 10%—40% and 27%—60%, respectively. However, the absolute content of chlorine increased after torrefaction with the decreased ratio of alkali metal chloride and increased ratio of organochlorine (C—Cl). The absolute content of sulfur decreased significantly after torrefaction, meeting the sulfur requirement of commercial biomass pellets. In addition, the proportion of acid-soluble and insoluble Ca and Mg in hydrochloric acid also increased to a certain extent.     

顺丁橡胶的氯化及其氯含量的控制

以次氯酸叔丁酯为氯化剂,氯乙酸为活性氯原子的引入剂,在甲酸存在下合成了既含有活性氯原子又含有惰性氯原子的氯化顺丁橡胶（CBR）。用傅里叶变换红外光谱法、核磁共振法对CBR进行了表征和定量计算。结果表明,CBR的凝胶质量分数低于1％,氯化效率大于90％;氯乙酸既是活性氯原子的引入剂,又是次氯酸叔丁酯的氯离子加成到顺丁橡胶（BR）双键上的促进剂;提高有机酸强度可增加次氯酸叔丁酯对BR的氯化效率;羧基和氯原子是以离子加成机理、等摩尔量加成到BR的双键上,且CBR的惰性氯原子含量和活性氯原子含量可控。     

PAN/AN-co-ADMH共混纤维的氯化漂洗处理

采用聚丙烯腈(PAN)与丙烯腈(AN)/3-烯丙基-5,5-二甲基乙内酰脲(ADMH)共聚物共混湿法纺丝制备了PAN/AN-co-ADMH共混纤维,用质量分数1%的次氯酸钠溶液对共混纤维进行了漂洗处理,探讨了氯漂条件对共混纤维氯含量的影响,考察了氯漂处理后的共混纤维的耐洗涤性及再生性。结果表明:随漂洗液温度升高和氯化漂洗时间增加,共混纤维中氯含量增加;漂洗时间继续增加,纤维氯含量增势变缓;纤维氯含量随洗涤次数或漂洗次数增加均减少。     

模糊控制技术在纸浆漂白过程中的应用

针对漂白过程干扰因素多、大滞后的特点 ,采用模糊控制技术研究并开发了氯气流量模糊控制器来修正氯气流量设定值 ;应用该控制器不仅使白度提高了 2 .2 % ,而且使得每吨浆可以节约氯气 2 .3 9kg