FL对辐射所致小鼠多脏器损伤的防护作用

采用6.0Gy^60Coγ射线一次全身照射BALB/C小鼠，分别于照前和照后不同时间给予FL或与其他细胞因子G-CSF、IL-11和EPO联合应用，观察其对小鼠外周血细胞计数的影响，以及使用这些细胞因子后受照小鼠心、肝、肾、肺、脾、胸等脏器的组织病理学改变。结果表明，在照前2h给予FL，能加速小鼠外周血细胞尤其是白细胞的恢复，并可减轻照射所致小鼠心、肝、肾、肺、脾、胸腺等脏器的损伤。     

18FDG-PET/CT评价顺铂联合吲哚美辛及其衍生物对Lewis肺癌治疗效果的实验研究

为评价吲哚美辛及其衍生物组胺吲哚美辛对鼠Lewis肺癌的治疗效果,建立40只Lewis肺癌昆明小鼠腋下移植瘤模型,并随机分为四组:顺铂(DDP)治疗组、顺铂+吲哚美辛(DDP+Indomethacin IN)治疗组、顺铂+组胺-吲哚美辛(DDP+His-IN)治疗组及生理盐水对照组。各组小鼠于治疗前后各行PET/CT显像及取眼眶血0.2 mL,留取肿瘤组织进行组织学检测。结果显示,治疗后不同治疗组与生理盐水对照组比较靶本比均有显著性差异(P<0.05),各组治疗后TNF-α含量均升高,以DDP+His-IN组更为显著;抑瘤率未见明显差异(P>0.05)。表明IN、His-IN与DDP联合用药抗肿瘤效果好,尤其DDP与His-IN联合应用抗肿瘤效果更佳;另外,T/B比值变化能较早反映化疗药物的抗肿瘤效果。     

rhG-CSF用于外照射急性放射病治疗的研究现状

重组人粒细胞刺激因子是一种有效的促进造血系统恢复的细胞因子,可用于外照射急性放射病的临床救治。本文介绍重组人粒细胞刺激因子的作用机理、临床应用指征,以及该因子与其他细胞因子联合应用的研究现状;介绍了其用于治疗辐射事故病人的应用情况。     

细胞因子组合对受照射脐带血AC133+细胞周期和早期凋亡的影响

采用免疫标记法,使用流式细胞仪测定受到2.5Gy 6 MV-X射线照射的脐带血AC133+细胞加细胞因子组合(IL-3+FL+SCF)在培养不同天数后的细胞周期及早期凋亡情况的变化.结果表明,新鲜分离的未受照的脐带血AC133+细胞在无细胞因子的短期液体培养体系中培养2天,99%的细胞处于G0/G1期;受照的脐带血AC133+细胞加细胞因子组合(IL-3+FL+SCF)培养不同天数后,脐带血AC133+细胞迅速进入增殖循环,在照后第3天,有近50%的细胞进入S期.脐带血AC133+细胞受照后不加细胞因子,培养48小时后,镜下观察到细胞全部死亡;加细胞因子组合(IL-3+FL+SCF)培养48小时后,有(38.0±6.8)%的受照的脐带血AC133+细胞被"救活",且随着培养时间的延长,被"救活"的AC133+细胞又出现了增殖.因此,可认为细胞因子组合(IL-3+FL+SCF)对受照的脐带血AC133+细胞具有保护作用.     

一种辐射防护中药组方对小鼠脾脏辐射损伤的保护作用

探讨由黄芪、刺五加、山药、葡萄籽及酸枣仁提取物混合组成的一种辐射防护中药组方(简称防辐组方)对辐射损伤小鼠脾脏的影响及保护作用。实验小鼠随机分为5组：对照组、模型组、防辐组方低，中，高剂量组(500 mg/kg、1 000 mg/kg、2 000 mg/kg)。6.5 Gy ⁶⁰Co γ射线一次性全身照射建立辐射损伤模型。观察各组小鼠脾脏系数、脾脏组织病理学形态、Caspase-3,Caspase-9及细胞色素C活性、凋亡相关蛋白Bax、Bcl-2及P53蛋白表达、脾脏T淋巴亚群CD4⁺、CD8⁺百分比、CD4⁺/CD8⁺比值及各组脾脏细胞DNA损伤程度等指标的变化情况。实验结果显示：与模型组比较，给药组小鼠的体重及脾脏系数均有所增高。其中，中剂量组和高剂量组增高最为显著(p<0.01或p<0.05)；给药组小鼠脾脏中的CD4⁺、CD8⁺百分比、CD4⁺/CD8⁺比值及Bcl-2...     

DHEA联合γ射线对食管癌EC109细胞移植裸鼠的抑瘤与抗辐射作用

观察DHEA(17aα-D-高炔雌二醇-3-乙酯)联合137Csγ射线辐照对EC109移植小鼠肿瘤的抑制作用及放疗后对荷瘤小鼠造血系统的防护作用。将接种食管癌细胞系EC109的裸鼠按照处理方式的不同分为对照组、单照组、DHEA组和DHEA联合辐照组,给药组连续给药9 d,12 d后分别检测肿瘤抑制率、外周血细胞数、骨髓有核细胞数等指标。结果表明,DHEA组抑瘤率明显高于对照组,DHEA联合辐照组的瘤重分别低于单照组和对照组,具有统计学差异(p<0.01)。DHEA联合辐照组的红细胞、血红蛋白均高于对照组及单照组,差异有统计学意义(p<0.05)。提示DHEA联合γ射线辐照对食管癌移植小鼠肿瘤具有显著的协同抗瘤效果,DHEA对辐照后荷瘤小鼠造血系统具有一定的防护作用。     

烟酰胺和Carbogen增敏89Sr治疗对小鼠骨髓毒性作用影响

将小鼠分成5组正常组(阴性对照组)、89Sr组(阳性对照组)、89Sr+烟酰胺(Nicotinamide)组(89Sr+N)、89Sr+Carbogen组(89Sr+C)和89Sr+Nicotinamide+Carbogen组(89Sr+N+C).按分组注射烟酰胺和/或吸入气体Carbogen,两对照组注射相同体积生理盐水89SrCl.采用尾静脉"弹丸"注射,体积为200μL含有放射性活度为7400 kBq.阴性对照组注射相同体积生理盐水.于注射后第1、2、3、4、6、8、15、20、30、60、90天批量处死小鼠进行骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核测定.结果显示各台疗组微核频率随观察时间呈双峰,各组双峰出现时间范围第1峰在第2-4天,第2峰在第10m14天.阴性对照和阳性对照组微核产生频率比较有显著性差异,P＜0.01(F=15.517).其余各组(89Sr+N+C、a9Sr、a9Sr+N和89Sr+C)间相比较无显著性差异,P＞0.05.不同品系(昆明系小鼠、NIH小鼠、BALB/c和Fl小鼠)小鼠各组间微核产生频率强度无差异,P＞0.05.表明增敏各组与89Sr组之间微核产生平均频率没有统计学差异,提示增敏剂的应用未增加骨髓毒性.     

血清受体酪氨酸激酶AXL可作为电离辐射剂量估算的生物指标

为探讨血清AXL是否可作为电离辐射剂量估算的生物指标,本文研究了急性照射后不同时间点血清AXL浓度变化与电离吸收剂量的相关性,并分析了不同时间点AXL基线表达的稳定性。采用雄性C57BL/6小鼠为辐照对象,分3个时间点采样,每个时间点随机选取100只小鼠,再随机分为5组,每组20只:其中对照组1组,辐照组4组。辐照组小鼠接受60Co一次性照射,受照剂量分别为1、3、5和7 Gy,于照射前和照射后24、48、72 h留存血清样本,血清AXL浓度经定量细胞因子芯片检测与分析。结果表明,未照射小鼠AXL表达基线稳定,正常值范围为(186.6±44.20)pg/m L;辐照后24、48和72 h,血清AXL含量随吸收剂量增大而减少,且血清AXL含量ln值与吸收剂量呈线性相关,血清可作为电离辐射剂量估算的生物指标。     

低剂量辐射对小鼠肠道损伤的影响

采用3种不同低剂量(L组0.04 Gy/d、M组0.12 Gy/d、H组0.2 Gy/d)辐射对3组Balb/c小鼠进行连续5天的照射(分别累积照射0.2、0.6、1.0 Gy),设立对照组(NC),照射结束后测定小鼠体重、外周血象、脏器指数、小肠组织中丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、免疫细胞因子(IL-1β、IL-2、IL-6、TNF-α)、DNA损伤、细胞凋亡等指标的变化。通过比较不同低剂量辐射下小鼠肠道损伤指标的变化,以探讨低剂量辐射小鼠肠道损伤最佳照射剂量,为低剂量辐射小鼠肠道损伤模型的建立提供科学依据。结果表明,连续照射5天后,各照射组相比于对照组,小鼠体重、脏器指数均有不同程度下降(脾脏指数L组p＜0.05、M、H组p＜0.01);小肠组织中MDA含量明显升高(L组p＜0.05、M、H组p＜0.01);SOD含量有不同程度下降;TNF-α、IL-2、IL-1β和IL-6作为代表性促炎因子呈剂量依赖性升高(IL-1β:M、H组p＜0.05,IL-2:M组p＜0.05、H组p＜0.01,TNF-α:M、H组p＜0.05);M、H组有明显DNA损伤及细胞凋亡。通过以上结果得出本次低剂量辐射小鼠肠道损伤模型的最佳照射剂量及方法为0.12 Gy/d连续照射5天累积0.6 Gy。     

亚低温对急性辐射损伤小鼠保护效果

目的探讨亚低温干预对急性辐射损伤小鼠的保护效果。方法 40只雄性BALB/c小鼠随机分为4组,受照组均接受6 Gyγ射线单次全身照射,(亚低温+照射)组在照射前给予亚低温干预(28℃~30℃),(照射+亚低温)组照射后给予亚低温干预,动态观察各组小鼠体温、体重、外周血白细胞,照后28天解剖观察脏器与骨髓恢复情况。结果与单纯照射组相比,(亚低温+照射)组外周血白细胞数恢复时间提前1周,胸腺重量和系数增大,且差异显著;(照射+亚低温)组外周血白细胞数恢复时间提前4天。结论亚低温对6 Gy单次全身照射小鼠有一定的辐射损伤保护作用。     

Identification of radiation treatment of wheat （Triticum aestivum. L）and rice （Oryza sativa. L） samples using thermoluminescence of contaminating minerals

Food irradiation is gaining popularity worldwide and this technology is important to improve quality and reduce the post harvest losses of food. Because of the rapid commercialization of irradiated foods throughout the world, compliance of different regulations relating to use of technology in different countries and demand of consumers for clear labelling of irradiated foods, there is need for the development of analytical methods to detect radiation treatment of food. Among several methods studied so far, thermoluminescence （TL） is an important method that can be used to find out the irradiation history of food that contain even a very minute amount of dust particles. In this study, the irradiated and unirradiated wheat and rice samples were analyzed using the TL method. The samples were purchased from the local market of Peshawar and irradiated to radiation doses of 0.5 and 1.0 kGy using Co-60 gamma irradiator at the Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture （NIFA）, Peshawar. The mineral contaminants were isolated by jet water, ultrasonic treatment, and density gradient. TL glow curves of the isolated minerals from irradiated and unirradiated samples were recorded between the temperature ranges of 50-500℃ using a TL reader. Generally, the glow curves for irradiated samples showed much higher TL intensities （TL1） than the unirradiated samples. The results were normalized by rerradiation of mineral samples to gamma-ray dose of 1.0 kGy followed by determination of the second glow curves （TL2）. The ratio of the area of first glow curve to that of second glow curve （TL1/TL2） was calculated for selected temperature intervals and compared with the recommended values for unirradiated and irradiated samples. Finally, the shapes of the glow curves for irradiated and unirradiated samples were also analyzed. On the basis of these results （comparison of TL-intensities, TL1/TL2 ratios and shapes of the glow curves）, all the irradiated and unirradiated samples of wheat and rice were unequivocally identified.     

有效探测面积大于1000 cm2的正比计数器测量系统性能测试

为对自制的活性面积高达1 000 cm²的大面积源进行表面发射率定值,同时作为现有2πα、2πβ表面发射率标准装置能力的扩充,研制了一套内置式大面积2π多丝正比计数器测量系统,并利用活性区直径为8 mm的²⁴¹Am点源及活性区面积为10 cm×15 cm的大面积²⁴¹Am和⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源对其进行计量学性能测试。结果表明：计数器内计数响应均匀性优于±0.4%,有效探测面积达1 400 cm²;所得²⁴¹Am源高压坪曲线的坪长为1 400 V,坪斜为0.27%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.87%;⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源高压坪曲线的坪长为300 V,坪斜为0.75%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.80%;10次测量重复性好于0.4%,8 h内短期稳定性好于0.3%,1 a内长期稳定性好于0.8%。     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

Interaction between uranium and humic acid (Ⅰ): Adsorption behaviors of U(Ⅵ) in soil humic acids

The adsorption behaviors of uranium on three soil humic acids (HAs), which were extracted from soils of different depths at the same site, were investigated under various experimental conditions. The adsorption results showed that U(Ⅵ) in solutions can be adsorbed by the three soil HAs, with the order of FHA (HA from 5 m depth of soil) ＞SHA (HA from the surface) ＞THA (HA from 10 m depth of soil) for adsorption efficiency in each desirable condition, and the adsorption reached equilibrium in about 240 min. Although the maximum adsorption efficiency was adsorption could be described with Langmiur isotherm or Freundlich isotherm equation. The L/S (liquid/solid, mL/g)ratio and pH were important factors influencing the adsorption in our adsorption system besides uranium concentration. The adsorption efficiency decreased with the increase of the L/S ratio and pH at the pH range of 2.0-3.0 for SHA and THA or 2.5 - 6.0 for FHA. However, no significant difference in adsorption of U(Ⅵ) was observed at the experimental temperature. All the results implied that humic substances have different characteristics in samples even collected at the same site.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.     

Investigations on landmine detection by BF3 detector

Experiments were carried out to investigate the possible use of neutron backscattering for the detection of polyethylene (PE) sample buried in the soil. In detection of landmine by neutrons, the neutron detector and its shield play an important role. In this paper, the effects of graphite, heavy water, polyethylene and boric acid moderators on the flux of back scattered neutrons were investigated. We have also experimentally verified the effect of BF3 detector shield and obtained good agreement with theory.     

Information for authors

<正>1.NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNIQUES(NST),a bimonthly journal,is devoted to all aspects of nuclear science and technology,theoretical or experimental.Its special interest lies in the subjects of synchrotron radiation science and technology;low energy accelerators,radiation technology and applications;radiochemistry,radiopharmaceuticals and nuclear medicine;nuclear electronics and instrumen-     

PLASMA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AUTHOR INDEX TO VOLUME 16(2014)

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