Graphene oxide effects on the properties of Al_2O_3-Cu/35W5Cr composite

Graphene oxide(GO) nanosheets were dispersed into premixed powders(Cu-0.4 wt% Al/35W5Cr) by wet grinding and vacuum freeze-drying process. The 0.3 wt% GO/Al_2O_3-Cu/35W5Cr and 0.5 wt%GO/Al_2O_3-Cu/35W5Cr composites, used for electrical contacts, were fabricated by vacuum hot-pressing sintering.The microstructure was analyzed by field emission scanning electron and transmission electron microscopy. In addition, the Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to investigate the structural changes of GO before and after sintering. The arc erosion behavior was investigated by the JF04 C electrical contact testing apparatus. Consequently, the Al_2O_3 nanoparticles were evenly dispersed in the matrix, causing dislocation tangles. GO was converted to reduced graphene oxide after sintering. A group of carbon atoms combined with Cr forming Cr_3C_2 in situ during sintering, which enhanced the interface bonding. Compared with the Al_2O_3-Cu/35W5Cr composite, the tensile strength of the two contact materials containing 0.3 wt% GO and 0.5 wt% GO was increased by 45% and 34%, respectively. Finally, pips and craters were present on the anode and cathode surfaces, respectively.Tungsten has undergone re-sintering during arcing and formed needle-like structures. Compared with Al_2O_3-Cu/35W5Cr, the GO/Al_2O_3-Cu35W5Cr composites have better welding resistance. The final mass transfer direction of the two composites was from the cathode to anode.     

Al_2O_3颗粒与 Al 合金固液界面的相互作用

本文采用定向凝固技术探讨了 Al_2O_3颗粒/Al-2.0Mg-4.5Cu 合金复合材料在凝固过程中颗粒与生长着的固液界面的相互作用,得出了胞晶或胞状树枝晶生长条件下颗粒的分布规律、机制以及 Al_2O_3颗粒在试样中的分布与氢、铈之间的联系。但未发现铈对颗粒主要沿晶界分布产生显著影响。     

Al_2O_(3P)/Al-Cu复合材料的二次加热组织演变

采用原位反应近液相线铸造方法制备Al2O3P/Al-Cu复合材料,对其进行二次加热,研究晶粒的形貌演变和长大规律。用光学显微镜观察组织结构,应用Image Pro Plus软件测量并统计出平均晶粒尺寸及合金液相体积分数,并与理论计算数值进行比较。结果表明,在590℃保温10~60 min后,不含Al2O3颗粒的Al-6.8%Cu基体合金平均晶粒尺寸为89~132μm,液相体积分数为14%~26.8%,而3.6 wt%Al2O3P/Al-6.8%Cu复合材料的平均晶粒尺寸为73~107μm,液相体积分数为11.6%~20.9%。说明Al2O3颗粒在合金的二次加热过程中对晶粒长大行为及液相体积分数的增长均有明显的抑制作用,从而为优化半固态组织提供了一种新思路。     

原位自生Al_2O_3-TiC_p/Al基复合材料的热力学分析

采用熔铸法制备了原位自生Al2O3-TiCp/Al基复合材料。借助差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱分析仪(EDS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)等测试技术,对Al-TiO2-C体系的热力学进行了详尽的分析,讨论了过量铝对Al-TiO2-C体系反应的影响。结果表明,通过控制反应温度等工艺参数完全可以获得原位自生Al2O3-TiCp/Al基复合材料,避免副产物Al3Ti和Al4C3的产生。Al-TiO2-C体系原位合成Al2O3-TiCp/Al基复合材料存在着复杂的化学反应。首先在无过量铝的情况下,Al与TiO2发生置换反应,生成了Al2O3和游离态[Ti],而后游离态[Ti]与C结合生成TiC;而存在过量铝的情况下,首先发生铝热反应生成Al3Ti,进而Al3Ti与C结合生成TiC。最终完全获得Al2O3-TiCp/Al复合材料。随着过量Al含量由0增加至70%,Al与TiO2反应生成Al2O3的反应起始温度不断降低。     

SiC_w／Al_2O_3－（Ti，W）C复相陶瓷的微观结构及其力学性能

本文对Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３（Ｔｉ，Ｗ）Ｃ和ＳｉＣｗ－Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３（Ｔｉ，Ｗ）Ｃ的力学性能进行了分析对比，研究了热压工艺、ＳｉＣ晶须含量、晶须分散效果和晶须／基体的复合情况等对Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３（Ｔｉ，Ｗ）Ｃ复相陶瓷力学性能的影响。从热膨胀系数失配角度分析和微观结构的观察证实，ＳｉＣ晶须及（Ｔｉ，Ｗ）Ｃ固溶体对改善Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３陶瓷力学性能的效果是显著的，ＳｉＣ_ｗ－Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３．（Ｔｉ，Ｗ）Ｃ陶瓷材料的增韧机制主要是裂纹偏转和裂纹桥接。     

Al2O3陶瓷上沉积金刚石薄膜的研究

以酒精为碳源，用热丝ＣＶＤ法对不同表面状态的Ａｌ２Ｏ３衬底进行了金刚石薄膜沉积的比较，用扫描电镜，喇曼光谱和Ｘ射线衍射等方法检测了沉积出的金刚石膜的质量，并讨论了它们对成核和生长的影响。     

多孔Al_2O_3陶瓷/Al_2O_3超微粉/环氧树脂新型复合材料的性能研究

以孔隙规则排列的Al2O3多孔陶瓷为骨架,制备了多孔Al2O3陶瓷/Al2O3超微粉/环氧树脂新型复合材料。研究了三维连通陶瓷骨架对复合材料力学性能和高温尺寸稳定性的影响。研究结果表明,新型复合材料具有更优越的室温和高温力学性能。当陶瓷骨架含量为16.8%时,其室温的抗弯强度、抗弯模量、抗压强度和抗压模量分别为115.5MPa、3.6GPa、170.2MPa、2.4GPa。在120℃压缩时,其抗压强度、抗压模量分别为47.8MPa、0.9GPa。新型复合材料具有良好的高温尺寸稳定性,在180℃尚未发现变形。     

硅衬底Al2O3∶Tb3+薄膜的制备及其发光性能

采用溶胶凝胶法在硅衬底上制备了Al₂O₃∶Tb³⁺薄膜; 并采用DTA-TG、XRD、SEM、AFM及光致发光光谱对其进行了一系列表征; 分析了Al₂O₃∶Tb³⁺薄膜的发光机理, 探讨了热处理温度和Tb³⁺掺杂浓度对发光性能的影响规律. 研究结果表明, 采用溶胶凝胶法制备工艺, 制备了高发光强度的Al₂O₃∶Tb³⁺薄膜, 薄膜的最佳激发波长为240nm, Tb³⁺的最佳掺杂浓度为5mol%(Tb₂O₃/Al₂O₃=5mol%), 在240nm光激发下, 最强的发射峰出现在544nm附近; 并且制备的Al₂O₃∶Tb³⁺薄膜表面致密、平整且无裂纹产生, 表面粗糙度约为1.3nm, 有利于硅基光电子器件的制备和应用.     

反应热压(Al2O3+TiB2+Al3Ti)/Al复合材料的低周疲劳行为

采用反应热压法以Al、B₂O₃、TiO₂粉和Al、B、TiO₂粉为原料制备了两种(Al₂O₃+TiB₂+Al₃Ti)/Al复合材料。后一种原料粉制备的复合材料从基体中析出了细小的Al₃Ti相。研究了应变控制原位生成复合材料的室温低周疲劳行为。结果表明,在应变幅较小时(ε_</em>t≤0.3%),不含Al₃Ti析出相的材料表现为循环稳定;而在应变幅较大时(ε_</em>t≥0.4%), 则表现为第一周的循环硬化和随后的循环软化。在所采用的应变幅下,含Al₃Ti析出相的材料均表现为循环稳定。疲劳裂纹萌生部位为Al₃Ti相断裂、Al₃Ti相与基体的界面开裂和基体中微裂纹。疲劳裂纹穿过基体,绕过Al₂O₃、TiB₂质点扩展。两种复合材料的疲劳寿命均符合Coffin-Manson公式。      

镍 -纳米氧化铝复合电镀液的制备及影响因素研究

性质均匀稳定的镍/纳米颗粒复合镀液是制备镍/纳米复合镀层的物质和工艺基础.在瓦特镀镍溶液中加入纳米Al2O3粉末,混合液静置10 h后,因颗粒沉淀而产生不同程度的分层,通过比色法研究了分散剂、分散形式、镀液pH值对纳米Al2O3粉末在镀液中均匀稳定分散的影响.结果表明,在镀液中加入适量的聚羧酸铵、柠檬酸三铵或十六烷基三甲基溴化铵分散剂,并通过超声分散,可得到稳定分散10 h以上的复合电镀液.原子力显微镜分析表明,复合镀液中纳米颗粒的平均尺寸为63 nm,略大于其原料颗粒的尺寸(40 nm),大部分的纳米颗粒在复合镀液中能实现高度分散.     

XRFA法测定玻璃工业用海砂中硅、铝和铁

通过实验证实在一定的含量范围内,用与海砂成份相类似的一个石英砂标样进行基体校正和归一化处理,可用现有的硅酸盐测定程序测定玻璃工业上用的海砂中的硅、铝和铁。其结果的精密度和准确度可与化学法媲美。     

Influence of particulate morphology on microstructure and tribological properties of cold sprayed A380/Al_2O_3 composite coatings

In this study, three kinds of A380/Al_2O_3 composite coatings were prepared by cold spray(CS) using spherical, irregular and spherical + irregular shaped Al_2O_3 particulates separately mixed in the original A380 alloy powders. The influence of Al_2O_3 particulates' morphology on the microstructural characteristics(i.e.retention of Al_2O_3 content in coatings, coating/matrix interfacial bonding, pore size distribution and morphology etc.) and wear performance of the coatings was investigated by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), X-ray computed tomography(XCT) and 3-D optical profilometry. Results indicated that the spherical Al_2O_3 shows obvious tamping effect during deposition process. As a result, the interface showed a wavy shape while the matrix and particulates were mechanical interlocked with much improved adhesion. In addition, the porosity of the coating was minimized and the pores exhibited curved spherical structure with reduced dimensions. The irregular Al_2O_3 particles predominantly displayed the embedding effect together with fragmentation of Al_2O_3 particulates. Consequently, poor coating/matrix interfacial bonding, high porosity and the formation of angular-shaped pores were resulted in the coating. Dry sliding wear tests results revealed that the wear resistance of the coating is directly related with the retained content of Al_2O_3 in the coating. The coating containing irregular Al_2O_3 particulates displayed superior wear performance with its wear rate one seventh of that of the pure A380 alloy coating. The coating containing both kinds of Al_2O_3 particulates showed mixed characteristics of above two kinds of Al_2O_3 composite coatings.     

掺杂 Al_2O_3对 Ba_2Ti_9O_(20)相形成的影响

本文研究了在BaO-TiO_2-SnO_2固相反应系统中掺杂 Al_2O_3对 Ba_2Ti_9O_(20)相形成的影响。实验结果表明,即使掺杂少量的 Al_2O_3,在反应过程中 Ba_2Ti_9O_(20)相也变得更容易形成。微观结构分析结果表明,Ba_2Ti_9O_(20)晶体结晶时,由于具有层状结构特征,往往会出现结构层间应力;这种应力会严重制约Ba_2Ti_9O_(20)晶体的形核和长大。掺杂少量 Al_2O_3后,能形成与 Ba_2Ti_9O_(20)晶体共生的 BaAl_2Ti_6O_(16)晶体;这种共生机制抑制了应力的发展。Al_2O_3改善了 Ba_2Ti_9O_(20)结晶的动力学条件,促进了 Ba_2Ti_9O_(20)相的形成。     

Al_2O_3-ZrO_2/W/Cr/Ni/Co金属陶瓷的断裂韧性

以Al2O3-ZrO2复合粉末、W、Cr、Ni、Co粉末为原料,采用热压烧结工艺制备了性能优良的Al2O3-ZrO2/W/Cr/Ni/Co金属陶瓷复合材料。通过SEM,EDS,XRD等手段分析其微观组织,单边梁开口法(SENB)测量其断裂韧性。实验结果表明在1320℃,20MPa条件下热压烧结制备的Al2O3-ZrO2/W/Cr/Ni/Co金属陶瓷的断裂韧性为7.16±0.4MPa.m1/2,硬度为83.3HRA,横向断裂强度为540MPa,相对致密度为97.4%;对维氏压痕下裂纹扩展进行了分析,其增韧机理为延性金属对裂纹的桥梁作用和氧化锆相变增韧,在裂纹通过时硬质相以沿晶断裂为主。     

氧化锆氧化铝复合材料的显微结构

本文研究了在 ZrO_2量为17～78mol%(15～75vol%)的 ZrO_2/Al_2O_3复合材料中 ZrO_2颗粒的分布、晶型以及 Al_2O_3与嵌在 Al_2O_3晶粒内呈球状的 ZrO_2晶界处所形成的反相畴界,并且研究了在该复合材料中形成裂纹时,裂纹两侧和顶端的 ZrO_2颗粒相变后沿相界形成微裂纹的情况。     

Biodegradable Zn–3Cu and Zn–3Cu–0.2Ti alloys with ultrahigh ductility and antibacterial ability for orthopedic applications

Zinc(Zn) and its alloys have been proposed as biodegradable implant materials due to their unique combination of biodegradability, biocompatibility, and biofunctionality. However, the insufficient mechanical properties of pure Zn greatly limit its clinical application. Here, we report on the microstructure, mechanical properties, friction and wear behavior, corrosion and degradation properties, hemocompatibility, and cytocompatibility of Zn–3 Cu and Zn–3 Cu–0.2 Ti alloys under three different conditions of as-cast(AC),hot-rolling(HR), and hot-rolling plus cold-rolling(HR + CR). The HR + CR Zn–3 Cu–0.2 Ti exhibited the best set of comprehensive properties among all the alloy samples, with yield strength of 211.0 MPa, ultimate strength of 271.1 MPa, and elongation of 72.1 %. Immersion tests of the Zn–3 Cu and Zn–3 Cu–0.2 Ti alloys in Hanks’ solution for 3 months indicated that the AC samples showed the lowest degradation rate,followed by the HR samples, and then the HR + CR samples, while the HR + CR Zn–3 Cu exhibited the highest degradation rate of 23.9 m/a. Friction and wear testing of the Zn–3 Cu and Zn–3 Cu–0.2 Ti alloys in Hanks’ solution indicated that the AC samples showed the highest wear resistance, followed by the HR samples, and then the HR + CR samples, while the AC Zn–3 Cu–0.2 Ti showed the highest wear resistance.The diluted extracts of HR + CR Zn–3 Cu and Zn–3 Cu–0.2 Ti at a concentration of ≤25 % exhibited noncytotoxicity. Furthermore, both the HR + CR Zn–3 Cu and Zn–3 Cu–0.2 Ti exhibited effective antibacterial properties against S. aureus.     

溶胶-凝胶法在3D-SiC陶瓷表面浸涂Al_2O_3薄膜的研究

以无机盐Al(NO_3)_3·9H_2O为先驱体、水为溶剂,加入不同浓度的胶溶剂HNO_3,采用溶胶-凝胶(Solgel)法制备了勃姆石(γ-AlOOH)溶胶.分别以溶液下降法和真空浸渍法在三维网络碳化硅陶瓷骨架(3D-SiC)表面浸涂γ-AlOOH溶胶,采用不同烧结制度在3D-SiC表面生成了Al_2O_3薄膜.采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、红外光谱仪(IR)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析了薄膜的物相和显微结构,并检测了薄膜的抗热震性.结果表明,采用真空浸渍法在3D-SiC表面浸涂加入浓度0.22mol/L HNO_3制备的γ-AlOOH溶胶能烧结形成致密平整的Al_2O_3薄膜.升高烧结温度,Al_2O_3晶粒长大,900℃时薄膜最致密且能观测到玻璃态显微结构.薄膜的抗热震性随烧结温度升高而提高.     

RO_x 对 Na_2O-Al_2O_3-P_2O_5系统玻璃结构和电导率的影响

四元磷酸盐玻璃的 Raman 光谱和 AlO_6丰度变化的研究表明,玻璃的离子电导率主要由活动离子 Na~ 的总数决定,Na_2O 含量越高,其电导率也越高;但是,玻璃结构对电导率也有一定影响。由 AlO_4四面体和(Al—O—P)~-基团构成结构网络的某些 Na_2O—Al_2O_3—P_2O_5玻璃有较高的离子电导率。当以 MgO 替代玻璃中的 Al_2O_3时,由于MgO 只起网络修饰体作用,电导率是单调下降的。以 SiO_2替代 Al_2O_3时,情况有所不同。由于 SiO_2可能兼起网络形成体和修饰体的作用,无疑使玻璃结构变得复杂了。只有在参与网络的 SiO_2达到相当量的情况下,才有希望提高玻璃的电导率。外加 SiO_2到 Na_2O—Al_2O_2—P_2O_5玻璃内,导致玻璃中的 Na~ 离子的相对量降低,所以其电导率总是下降的。     

掺杂Al2O3纳米粉对ZnO厚膜气敏传感器性能的影响

以ZnO纳米粉(平均粒径30 nm)和Al2O3纳米粉(平均粒径5 nm)为原料,利用传统的厚膜气敏传感器制备工艺制备了纯ZnO厚膜气敏传感器和掺杂Al2O3(掺杂量为2wt%和5wt%)的ZnO厚膜气敏传感器.对这三种厚膜传感器的本征电阻及对乙醇蒸汽的敏感特性进行了测试.结果表明:掺杂少量Al2O3纳米粉可明显降低ZnO气敏传感器的本征电阻,改善传感器的烧结性能,同时还可降低其最佳工作温度,提高器件对乙醇的灵敏度.结合厚膜气敏传感器的显微结构分析结果,对出现上述差异的原因进行了讨论.     

Effect of microstructural stability on fatigue crack growth behaviour of nanostructured Cu

Constant amplitude fatigue crack growth tests were carried out on commercial and high purity nanostructured copper processed by High Pressure Torsion (HPT). Due to strong grain refinement the HPT processed materials show higher tensile strength but also faster crack growth rates when compared to coarse grained material. Crack growth curves of nanostructured copper determined at different stress levels, however, showed that the occurrence of grain coarsening at low stress amplitudes leads to a retardation of crack growth in commercial and high purity HPT Cu. This effect was not observed for high purity HPT Cu with a bimodal microstructure. Crack propagation rates depend significantly on the coarsening phenomenon which on the other hand depends on the applied stress amplitude. A comparison of these results with cyclic deformation tests in the high cycle fatigue regime suggests that grain coarsening during crack growth depends more on the stored energy of the materials while a similar coarsening during cyclic deformation depends more on the activation enthalpy for annealing of defects.