机械力化学效应对煤矸石水泥性能的影响

从充分发挥煤矸石潜在活性的观点出发,通过机械力化学作用对煅烧后煤矸石的活性进行进一步激发.将粉磨后不同细度煤矸石以不同掺量与熟料、石膏配置复合水泥,测定其3d、28d强度,标准稠度用水量和凝结时间.结果表明,经高能球磨后的煤矸石,其20%掺量的水泥胶砂强度可达53.8MPa,掺量为40%的水泥胶砂强度达到44.1MPa;煤矸石越细,标准稠度用水量越大,凝结时间越短.     

高吸水树脂自养护剂对水泥胶砂性能的影响

为提高水泥胶砂的养护质量,将高吸水树脂材料自养护剂掺入不同水泥胶砂中,研究自养护剂对标准稠度水泥用水量、凝结时间的影响,分析水泥胶砂的力学性能及干缩性能,揭示自养护剂的养护机理。结果表明：自养护剂前期会吸收大量水分,增加了水泥的标准稠度用水,后期在水泥中缓慢释放水分参与水泥的水化,延长水泥的凝结时间。自养护剂的掺入前期会降低水泥胶砂的抗压、抗折强度,水泥型号越高这种影响越小。后期会提高上述强度,当自养护剂掺量为水泥质量的0.2%时,强度达到最大。自养护剂的掺入为试件内部水泥水化提供了水分,可降低水泥胶砂的干缩量,提高水泥胶砂干缩性能。     

石灰石粉对水泥性能的影响

以比表面积为413 m2/kg、521 m2/kg、846 m2/kg、1241m2/kg的石灰石粉和32.5级复合硅酸盐水泥为研究对象,将不同细度的石灰石粉以0%、5%、10%、15%、20%、30%的比例等质量取代P.C32.5水泥,对比研究了石灰石粉对P.C32.5水泥凝结时间、标准稠度、需水比以及砂浆强度的影响。结果表明:掺加石灰石粉可以降低水泥的标准稠度需水量,石灰石粉的比表面积越大,水泥的需水量比越小;石灰石粉对水泥的凝结时间影响较小;对水泥胶砂的早期强度影响较大;石灰石粉的颗粒越小,对水泥的性能越有利。依据试验结果,石灰石粉做混合材时,可将其掺量放宽到20%。     

粉磨时间对煤气化渣复合胶凝材料的性能影响研究

将煤气化渣粉磨后以20%的掺量配制煤气化渣复合胶凝材料,研究粉磨时间对煤气化渣复合胶凝材料细度、标准稠度用水量、凝结时间、复合胶凝材料砂浆力学特性以及干缩特性的影响。结果表明,复合胶凝材料的细度、标准稠度用水量、凝结时间、复合胶凝材料砂浆力学特性及干缩特性随煤气化渣粉磨时间的延长有明显变化,当粉磨时间达到70 min时,其各项性能均达到最优。煤气化渣复合胶凝材料可达到PC32.5水泥的强度标准,干缩特性低于PC32.5水泥砂浆。     

粉磨时间对煤气化渣复合胶凝材料的性能影响研究

将煤气化渣粉磨后以20%的掺量配制煤气化渣复合胶凝材料,研究粉磨时间对煤气化渣复合胶凝材料细度、标准稠度用水量、凝结时间、复合胶凝材料砂浆力学特性以及干缩特性的影响。结果表明,复合胶凝材料的细度、标准稠度用水量、凝结时间、复合胶凝材料砂浆力学特性及干缩特性随煤气化渣粉磨时间的延长有明显变化,当粉磨时间达到70 min时,其各项性能均达到最优。煤气化渣复合胶凝材料可达到PC32.5水泥的强度标准,干缩特性低于PC32.5水泥砂浆。     

颗粒细度及形貌对高贝利特-硫铝酸盐水泥性能的影响

利用循环流化床固硫灰替代部分原材料,制备以硫铝酸钙、硅酸二钙为主要矿物的高贝利特-硫铝酸盐水泥熟料,然后通过激光粒度分析仪和扫描电镜研究熟料的颗粒细度及形貌对其性能的影响。结果显示:利用振动磨粉磨的高贝利特-硫铝酸盐水泥颗粒组成中<3μm细粉颗粒含量增多,凝结时间变短,需水量增加,相应地早期胶砂干缩率随之减小;其早期线性膨胀率与3～10μm范围内的颗粒含量呈正相关关系,后期的线性膨胀率随着30～60μm内的颗粒含量增加而增大;3d强度随着10～30μm范围内的颗粒含量增加而增大,而10～30μm范围内的颗粒含量对28d强度的发展起主要作用;利用球磨机粉磨的以多角形颗粒为主的高贝利特-硫铝酸盐水泥表现出标准稠度用水量高、凝结时间短、线性膨胀率和胶砂干缩率大的特点。     

球磨及立磨矿渣微粉颗粒特征及性能研究

用扫描电镜和激光粒度分析仪研究了球磨和立磨生产的矿渣微粉颗粒形貌和颗粒群分布。结果表明，球磨与立磨矿渣微粉颗粒形貌差别不大；矿渣微粉d50与比表面积有较好的相关性，两种产品均符合RRB分布，立磨矿渣微粉粒度分布范围较窄；立磨矿渣微粉的掺入对水泥标准稠度用水量、胶砂流动度和凝结时间的影响比球磨矿渣微粉大；掺立磨矿渣微粉的水泥各龄期强度均比掺球磨矿渣微粉的水泥低，立磨生产时矿渣微粉比表面积控制在400m^2／kg左右可能较为合理。     

湿拌砂浆的工作性能影响因素正交试验研究

本文通过正交试验研究了砂的细度模数、胶砂比、重钙粉掺量对砂浆稠度、28 d抗压强度、14 d拉伸粘结强度、保水率的影响。根据极差分析得出影响各性能的最佳因素水平，并综合砂浆性能、成本，获得最优组合为BbAbCa，即胶砂比为1∶4，细度模数2.6的砂，重钙粉掺量为20%。试验还得出，在水胶比不变的情况下，胶砂比极大地影响了砂浆的稠度，胶砂比越低稠度越小；重钙粉掺量主要影响砂浆强度，因其在胶凝体系中主要起填充作用。保水率和14 d拉伸粘结强度具有较强的相关性，表现为保水率越大，14 d拉伸粘结强度越大。     

优化粉磨对矿渣水泥性能的影响

研究不同粉磨方式,尤其优化粉磨对矿渣水泥性能的影响。结果表明：粉磨方式、矿渣掺量以及矿渣熟料粉比表面积会影响矿渣水泥的标准稠度用水量、凝结时间和胶砂强度;优化粉磨矿渣水泥的3d和28d强度分别与矿渣熟料粉比表面积及矿渣掺量有关;与传统42.5强度等级的复合水泥相比,优化粉磨矿渣水泥的熟料用量可降低约40%,大幅度降低水泥的碳排放量。     

硼酸对硫铝酸盐基复合胶凝材料性能的影响

本文研究了不同硼酸掺量下的硫铝酸盐基复合胶凝材料的标准稠度用水量和凝结时间及安定性,抗压、抗折强度变化规律,并利用XRD和SEM测试方法对复合胶凝材料的水化机理进行分析。结果表明：硼酸的掺入不影响胶凝材料的安定性,但使标准稠度用水量增加,且标准稠度用水量与硼酸掺量成反比;硼酸掺量越大,初、终凝时间延长越明显;当硼酸掺量为0.20%(质量分数)时,硫铝酸盐水泥占比高的试验组早期强度提高,且后期强度不倒缩;硼酸可使钙矾石的形态更粗壮。掺加硼酸可使复合材料的干缩率降低,质量变化率呈下降趋势。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。