ASA在百草枯诱导小麦幼苗活性氧代谢及膜脂过氧化中的作用

用0．05％ASA预处理能明显降低百草枯诱导小麦幼苗超氧阴离子自由基（O2-）的含量及膜脂过氧化的程度,提高超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的活性,降低脂氧合酶（LOX）和酸性磷酸酯酶的活性。说明ASA可降低活性氧伤害,减轻膜脂过氧化的程度。     

盐胁迫下苯丙烯酸对黄瓜幼苗生理特性的影响

以特选山东密刺黄瓜品种为材料,研究了盐胁迫下,苯丙烯酸对黄瓜幼苗生理特性的影响及其施用的最佳时期和最适浓度。结果表明,苯丙烯酸能够相对提高盐分胁迫条件下黄瓜幼苗叶片的相对含水量和叶绿素含量,降低叶片细胞的质膜透性,缓解对细胞膜的伤害,抑制膜质过氧化产物丙二醛的积累,同时提高幼苗体内超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶等细胞保护酶的活性,从而提高黄瓜对盐胁迫的适应性。两叶一心期为苯丙烯酸的最佳处理时期,50μmol.L-1苯丙烯酸为最适处理浓度。     

葡聚六糖对黄瓜幼苗活性氧代谢的影响

葡聚六糖是一种新型寡糖类抗病诱导剂,它能激活植物的防卫系统。采用10mg.L-1的葡聚六糖处理黄瓜幼苗后,叶片中H2O2含量明显增加,过氧化物酶(POD)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性上升,过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性明显下降,而丙二醛(MDA)含量变化不大。这些结果表明,活性氧积累与葡聚六糖诱导的抗病作用密切相关。     

不同年代水稻品种齐穗后叶片保护酶活性及膜脂过氧化作用比较分析

以辽宁省20世纪70年代以来有代表性的4个水稻主栽品种和新育成的水稻超高产品种为试材，比较分析齐穗后叶片中保护酶活性的变化，结果表明：随品种更替叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性增加，膜脂过氧化产物MDA含量减少，这种趋势在倒3叶上尤为突出。表明超高产品种清除活性氧的能力增强，尤其是下位功能叶片，且在籽粒灌浆的中后期更为显。     

钙对低氧胁迫下黄瓜幼苗根系碳水化合物代谢的影响

以对低氧敏感的中农8号黄瓜品种为材料,研究了钙对低氧胁迫下幼苗根系淀粉、蔗糖、果糖、葡萄糖含量及蔗糖合酶(SS)、蔗糖转化酶(INV)、磷酸蔗糖合成酶(SPS)和葡萄糖激酶(GK)活性的影响。结果表明:与通气对照相比,低氧胁迫处理后幼苗根系淀粉含量降低,蔗糖和果糖含量增加,SS和GK活性增加,INV活性降低,胁迫初期SPS活性增加,后期降低;低氧胁迫下营养液加钙处理缓解了低氧胁迫对幼苗生长的抑制作用,根系SS、SPS、INV和GK活性增加,蔗糖和果糖含量显著高于单纯低氧胁迫处理,葡萄糖含量低于单纯低氧胁迫处理;而低氧胁迫下营养液缺钙处理加重了低氧胁迫对黄瓜幼苗的伤害。表明在低氧胁迫下,钙参与了调节黄瓜幼苗根系碳水化合物代谢,对提高幼苗低氧胁迫的适应性起着重要的作用。     

酸雨对黄棕壤的致酸作用与对小麦幼苗膜脂过氧化水平的影响

通过模拟酸雨淋洗土壤,造成了土壤酸化和盐基流失。将小麦幼苗栽培于由酸雨致酸的土壤上,导致小麦幼苗的膜脂过氧化水平提高。其中致酸土壤对根系膜脂过氧化水平的影响大于对叶片膜脂过氧化水平的影响。     

硅对小麦生长及其抗氧化酶系统的影响

本文研究了基施硅营养对小麦分蘖期的生长状况、叶片类脂脂肪酸组成及抗氧化酶系统的影响。结果显示 ,施硅促进了小麦的生长 ;降低了膜脂过氧化程度 ,提高了叶片类脂脂肪酸的不饱和度。但施硅处理对超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶 (APX)活性没有影响 ,却使过氧化物酶 (POD)与过氧化氢酶 (CAT )活性下降 ,暗示POD和CAT具备在较低活力水平上高效清除H2 O2 等强氧化剂的可能性。     

水分亏缺下ASA提高小麦幼苗抗旱性的机理研究

以二叶一心期小麦幼苗为试材在自然干旱条件下用５．０×１０－４ＡＳＡ处理,结果表明：随着水分亏缺天数的增加,ＡＳＡ可明显降低超氧阴离子自由基（Ｏ２）的含量;提高超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）和过氧化物酶（ＰＯＤ）的活性;降低脂氧合酶（ＬＯＸ）、酸性磷酯酶和过氧化氢酶活性;降低了膜脂过氧化主要产物丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）的含量,同时使过氧化氢（Ｈ２Ｏ２）的含量有所增加。ＡＳＡ使膜结构与功能在水分亏缺下得到保护,从而提高了小麦的抗旱性。     

氮素形态对小麦生长中后期保护酶等生理特性的影响

在水培条件下,探究了氮素形态对小麦营养生殖并进生长时期保护酶的影响。结果表明:铵、硝态氮单供和混合供应对小麦保护酶活性影响不同。在铵、硝态氮混合供应下,叶片SOD、CAT,根系SOD活性最高,同时叶片、根系可溶性蛋白含量最大,根系活力和根系表面K3Fe(CN)6还原活性最高,但MDA含量最高;单供硝态氮时叶片POD活性最高,根系MDA含量最高;单供铵态氮时根系POD、CAT活性最高。单供尿素时叶片仅CAT活性高于铵和硝态氮混合供给,但同时叶片MDA含量也高于铵和硝态氮混合供给。叶片以SOD、CAT和POD为主清除自由基,而根系以SOD和POD为主清除自由基。铵和硝态氮混合供给下,小麦成熟后,地上部干重,籽粒产量最大,根冠比最小。     

表高油菜素内酯浸种对玉米幼苗某些生理特性的影响

用表高油菜素酯浸种的结果表明：玉米品种铁单10号幼苗的根系活力,根干重,叶面积,地上部干重,充实度,超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）,过氧化物酶（POD）,过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性,叶绿素含量和光合速率都有所提高。     

Redox proteomics identification of 4‐hydroxynonenal‐modified brain proteins in Alzheimer's disease: Role of lipid peroxidation in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis

Numerous studies have shown that neuronal lipids are highly susceptible to oxidative stress including in those brain areas directly involved in the neurodegenerative process of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Lipid peroxidation directly damages membranes and also generates a number of secondary biologically active products (toxic aldehydes)that are capable of easily attacking lipids, proteins, and DNA. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated regionally increased brain lipid peroxidation in patients with AD; however, extensive studies on specific targets of lipid peroxidation‐induced damage are still missing. The present study represents a further step in understanding the relationship between oxidative modification of protein and neuronal death associated with AD. We used a proteomics approach to determine specific targets of lipid peroxidation in AD brain, both in hippocampus and inferior parietal lobule, by coupling immunochemical detection of 4‐hydroxynonenal‐bound proteins with 2‐D polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and MS analysis. We identified 4‐hydroxynonenal‐bound proteins in the hippocampus and inferior parietal lobule brain regions of subjects with AD. The identified proteins play different biological functions including energy metabolism, antioxidant system, and structural proteins, thus impairing multiple molecular pathways. Our results provide further evidence for the role of lipid peroxidation in the pathogenesis of AD.     

不同品种桑树抗寒特性的研究

在桑树休眠期间，对不同品种桑树的游离氨基酸、膜脂脂肪酸组分及质膜透性进行测定。对其茎组织进行解剖，并做了田间冻枯调查，结果表明桑树休眠初期及发芽前的游离氨基酸含量高，深休眠期相对稳定，而椤等北方品种高于南方品种。１１月至翌年１月冷冻处理的枝条电解质外渗率大，品种间抗寒能力差异很大，同期桑树耐寒性品种间则无明显差异，椤膜质非饱和脂肪酸高于荷叶白１０．３７％，而椤的冻枯率及髓／茎值分别低于茶叶白３３％     

不同浓度NaCl处理对番茄果实生长、产量和品质的影响

番茄定植栽培在营养液槽中,采用不同浓度的NaCl进行盐胁迫处理试验。结果表明:盐胁迫抑制番茄植株株高和茎粗的生长,降低果实的横径与纵径长度;降低番茄的单株产量和单果重;但0.08mol.L-1和0.16mol.L-1 NaCl处理可以提高番茄果实中Vc、可溶性固形物及有机酸的含量,0.16mo.lL-1 NaCl处理可以提高番茄果实中可溶性糖的含量,盐胁迫处理使番茄的糖酸比降低。     

Fibroblast protein profile analysis highlights the role of oxidative stress and vitamin K recycling in the pathogenesis of pseudoxanthoma elasticum

Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) is a genetic disorder associated to mutations in the ABCC6 gene; however, the pathogenetic mechanisms leading to elastic fibre calcifications and to clinical manifestations are still unknown. Dermal fibroblasts, directly involved in the production of the extracellular milieu, have been isolated from healthy subjects and from patients affected by PXE, cultured in vitro and characterized for their ability to produce reactive oxygen species, for structural and functional properties of their cell membranes, for changes in their protein profile. Data demonstrate that oxidative stress has profound and endurable consequences on PXE fibroblast phenotype being responsible for: reduced levels of global DNA methylation, increased amount of carbonylated proteins and of lipid peroxidation products, altered structural properties of cell membranes, modified protein expression. Data shed new light on the pathogenetic pathways in PXE, by identifying a network of proteins affecting elastic fibre calcification through inefficient vitamin K recycling, and highlight the role of differentially expressed proteins as targets for validating the efficacy of future therapeutic strategies aiming to delay and/or revert the pathologic phenotype of PXE fibroblasts. Moreover, data open new perspectives for investigating PXE-like phenotypes in the absence of ABCC6 mutations.     

盐胁迫下葡萄光合特性的研究

对葡萄(8804品系)扦插苗进行不同程度的盐处理(0.2%,0.4%,0.6%),在一定时期对叶片的光合特性和叶绿素含量进行测定,结果表明:葡萄的净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Tr)的变化规律与叶绿素a、b的含量变化规律基本一致,即在处理前期都持续下降,中期出现一段时间稳定甚至上升,后期又开始下降;细胞间CO2浓度(C i)前期几乎不变,后期则迅速下降。类胡萝卜素含量的变化幅度较小。     

Solving the Subset-Sum problem by P systems with active membranes

We present the first membrance computing solution to the Subset-Sum problem using a family of deterministic P systems with active membranes. We do not use priority among rules, membrane dissolution nor cooperation; it suffices to control the electrical charges of the membranes and to introduce some counters. The number of steps of any computation is of the linear order (but it is necessary a polynomial-time of precomputed resources).