基于机器学习反馈的车辆自动路况识别

研究车辆路况自动识别的问题,提高识别的准确率和鲁棒性。针对车辆的路况自动识别系统极易受外界环境的影响,传统的基于PCA的路况识别方法在提取路况信息时无法避免恶劣天气等环境的影响,造成最终的识别不准确和鲁棒性不高的问题。为了克服这一难题,提出了基于机器学习的车辆路况自动识别系统。首先采用Haar小波特征提取方法,将受环境影响的路况图像中的有效特征准确提取并降维,然后利用支持向量机选择合适的特征参数,将特征参数输入到AdaBoost分类器中进行分类识别后就完成了最终的车辆路况自动识别,避免了传统方法自动识别受恶劣环境影响的问题。实验证明,这种方法能够有效克服外界环境的影响,准确完成车辆路况的自动识别,并且识别结果具有较好的鲁棒性和满意的效果。     

Combined quasi-static backward modeling and look-ahead fuzzy control of vehicles

Vehicle modeling can play an important role in vehicle power train design, control and energy management investigation. This paper presents a method for vehicle power train modeling. The key feature of the method is its presentation of the dynamic of vehicle based on the road information. This ability makes the method suitable for look-ahead energy management and fuel economy optimal control problems. With the aid of a road slope database, road geometry ahead of the vehicle is extracted. A fuzzy controller is developed that receives this information and controls the velocity of the vehicle with respect to its fuel consumption. In order to maintain the operation of the combustion engine near its efficient region, the fuzzy controller commands a continuously variable transmission. Simulations are carried out using real road data. The results are presented and discussed.     

高速公路自动收费系统日常维护

近年来,随着高速公路通车里程的快速增长,其在路网中的重要性日益突出。在这种情况下,采用非现金方式支付通行费,利用先进的电子手段,使车辆不需要停车就能收取通行费的系统就成为迫切的需要。针对目前的现状,采用车载识别卡与收费车道自动车辆识别系统,通过无线电波实现车辆自动识别和数据交换,并由计算机系统控制指挥车辆通行。利用计算机系统控制的高速公路自动收费系统,有效的提高了收费效率,但对于高速公路自动化收费系统的维护也提出了更高的要求。     

基于物联网的智能交通流探测技术研究

为更好地分析和统计动态交通流以获得道路交通信息,将物联网技术与智能交通系统相结合,提出一种基于物联网的智能交通探>A}}系统ITFDS(Intelligent Transportation Flow Detection System Based on Internet of Things).ITFDS通过车载传感器节点获取原始交通参数并进行初次融合,汇聚点作为信息收集、分发与数据二次融合的中心节点,物联网中心控制机房则负责系统数据的统计与管理。仿真实验证明,ITFDS能有效、即时地获得道路交通流量值并将其发送至各车辆,作为车辆选择行进线路的依据。     

基于EMD分解的车辆振动识别

启动的车辆都将产生一定程度的微振动信息。这些微振动信息与发动机转速，车辆结构相关，对于给定的车辆，具有独特性。激光测振仪的应用，使得运用微振动信息实现远距离非接触式车辆目标自动识别变得可能。文中主要研究车辆的微振动特性，利用经验模态分解（EMD）提取车辆振动的特征函数。实验证明，该方式能有效的运用于车辆识别中。     

Data Mining for Vehicle Telemetry

This article presents a data mining methodology for driving-condition monitoring via CAN-bus data that is based on the general data mining process. The approach is applicable to many driving condition problems, and the example of road type classification without the use of location information is investigated. Location information from Global Positioning Satellites and related map data are often not available (for business reasons), or cannot represent the full dynamics of road conditions. In this work, Controller Area Network (CAN)-bus signals are used instead as inputs to models produced by machine learning algorithms. Road type classification is formulated as two related labeling problems: Road Type (A, B, C, and Motorway) and Carriageway Type (Single or Dual). An investigation is presented into preprocessing steps required prior to applying machine learning algorithms, that is, signal selection, feature extraction, and feature selection. The selection methods used include principal components analysis (PCA) and mutual information (MI), which are used to determine the relevance and redundancy of extracted features and are performed in various combinations. Finally, because there is an inherent bias toward certain road and carriageway labelings, the issue of class imbalance in classification is explained and investigated. A system is produced, which is demonstrated to successfully ascertain road type from CAN-bus data, and it is shown that the classification correlates well with input signals such as vehicle speed, steering wheel angle, and suspension height.     

基于DenseNet和ResNet融合的发动机孔探图像分类研究

孔探是检测发动机内部损伤最重要的手段之一.为了解决发动机孔探检查中孔探人员主要依靠经验对损伤进行界定的问题,研究了基于DenseNet和ResNet融合的新型单通道网络结构,实现对发动机部件的分类,为后期孔探缺陷自动识别建立基础.通过对某大修厂孔探数据和自建数据进行处理,完成了孔探图像分类数据集的构建;训练新型的49层网络模型,在自建数据集测试集上测试的准确率和平均召回率分别为96.0％ 和95.9％,有较好的泛化能力,可以有效的对发动机部件进行分类.     

基于Mel子带参数化特征的自动鸟鸣识别

针对自然复杂声学环境下基于鸟鸣的物种分类问题,提出了一种基于Mel子带参数化特征的鸟鸣自动识别方法。采用高斯混合模型（GMM）拟合连续声学监测数据分帧后的对数能量分布,选取高似然率的数据帧组成候选声音事件完成自动分段。在谱图域对相应片段采用Mel带通滤波器组滤波处理,然后基于自回归模型（AR）分别建模各个子带输出的随时间变化的能量序列,得到能够描述不同种类鸟鸣信号时频特性的参数化特征。最后利用支持向量机（SVM）分类器进行分类识别。基于野外自然环境11种鸟鸣信号开展了自动分段与识别实验,所提方法针对各类鸟鸣的查准率、查全率以及F1度量均不低于89%,明显优于现有基于纹理特征的方法,更适用于野外鸟类连续声学监测领域的自动数据分析需求。     

An intelligent fault diagnosis system for newly assembled transmission

Newly assembled automobile transmission has its particular failure characteristic, strict quality testing working procedure on the assembly line is important for quality of automobile transmission. In this paper, we introduce a new automatic fault detection method for automobile transmission. A fault diagnosis expert system for newly assembled transmission is presented, related method of knowledge representation, feature extraction and fault classification is given. Order spectrum analysis method is used to analyze vibratory signal of automobile transmission. After initial feature vectors set are obtained, improved genetic search strategy is used to select fault features, so as to reduce the dimension of feature vector set. Selected feature vector sets are inputted into the BP neural network for fault identification and classification of the newly assembled automobile transmission. A large number of data are collected from industrial site and analyzed, proposed algorithm is verified to be effective and exact.     

基于三维重建的交通流量检测算法

在智能交通系统中 ,道路交通流量信息实时、有效的检测是交通信息系统的关键环节 .固定相机的视频图象检测法具有诸多优点 ,为此 ,提出了一个基于知识的视频图象交通流量检测系统 ,其中 ,车辆的分割和识别是视频检测法的核心 .根据车辆具有较大的运动惯性等运动规律 ,在短时间隔内 ,可以近似认为车辆运动为刚体匀速直线运动 .在这一条件下 ,将刚体上的运动点重投影到道路平面 ,则重投速度与该点的空间位置到路面的高度具有固定的比例关系 .运动特征采用具有较好定位精度的边缘特征 ,并拟合为直线进行运动跟踪匹配 .在识别过程中 ,先假定车辆的模型及其高度 ,然后再根据重投影速度 ,重建车辆的三维空间结构 ,进行基于知识规则的假设校验 .试验结果表明 ,该方法可以较好地解决车辆视频检测中的遮挡、粘连、阴影等情况     

公路交通管理中行驶车辆自动识别技术研究

文本比较了国内外主要的行驶车辆车型自动识别与车牌自动识别技术的特点,分析了我国机动车管理的实际情况,提出了行驶车辆自动识别技术的发展趋势。     

Semisupervised Local Fusion Approach for Mine Detection in SONAR Data

In this paper, we propose a novel approach for automatic mine detection in SOund NAvigation and Ranging (SONAR) data. The proposed framework relies on possibilistic‐based fusion method to classify SONAR instances as mine or mine‐like object. The proposed semisupervised algorithm minimizes some objective function, which combines context identification, multi‐algorithm fusion criteria, and a semisupervised learning term. The optimization aims to learn contexts as compact clusters in subspaces of the high‐dimensional feature space via possibilistic semisupervised learning and feature discrimination. The semisupervised clustering component assigns degree of typicality to each data sample to identify and reduce the influence of noise points and outliers. Then, the approach yields optimal fusion parameters for each context. The experiments on synthetic data sets and standard SONAR data set show that our semisupervised local fusion outperforms individual classifiers and unsupervised local fusion.     

基于改进稀疏栈式编码的车型识别

为了提高稀疏栈式编码对车型识别确率,提出了一种基于改进稀疏栈式编码的车型识别方法。使用逐层无监督方法来训练网络结构,并从大量的无标记的数据集中学习得到特征字典,在稀疏栈式编码的基础上引入卷积和池化模块,把学习得到的特征字典作为卷积核,通过对含有车辆的图像进行卷积和池化操作获得图像的特征图;最后通过使用softmax分类器在少量标签数据集上进行有监督的微调。在BIT-Vehicle数据集上的实验结果表明,改进后的算法优于传统稀疏栈式编码算法,在标注较少的数据集中,识别的准确率优于神经网络算法。     

Vehicle color recognition based on smooth modulation neural network with multi-scale feature fusion

Vehicle Color Recognition (VCR) plays a vital role in intelligent traffic management and criminal investigation assistance. However, the existing vehicle color datasets only cover 13 classes, which can not meet the current actual demand. Besides, although lots of efforts are devoted to VCR, they suffer from the problem of class imbalance in datasets. To address these challenges, in this paper, we propose a novel VCR method based on Smooth Modulation Neural Network with Multi-Scale Feature Fusion (SMNN-MSFF). Specifically, to construct the benchmark of model training and evaluation, we first present a new VCR dataset with 24 vehicle classes, Vehicle Color-24, consisting of 10091 vehicle images from a 100-hour urban road surveillance video. Then, to tackle the problem of long-tail distribution and improve the recognition performance, we propose the SMNN-MSFF model with multi-scale feature fusion and smooth modulation. The former aims to extract feature information from local to global, and the latter could increase the loss of the images of tail class instances for training with class-imbalance. Finally, comprehensive experimental evaluation on Vehicle Color-24 and previously three representative datasets demonstrate that our proposed SMNN-MSFF outperformed state-of-the-art VCR methods. And extensive ablation studies also demonstrate that each module of our method is effective, especially, the smooth modulation efficiently help feature learning of the minority or tail classes. Vehicle Color-24 and the code of SMNN-MSFF are publicly available and can contact the author to obtain.     

基于改进的卷积神经网络LeNet-5的车型识别方法*

针对现有车型识别算法的耗时长、特征提取复杂、识别率低等问题,本文引入了基于深度学习的卷积神经网络(Convolutional Neural Network CNN)方法。此方法具有鲁棒性好,泛化能力强,识别度高等优点,因而被广泛使用于图像识别领域。在对公路中的4种主要车型(大巴车,面包车,轿车,卡车)的分类实验中,我们运用改进后的卷积神经网络LeNet-5,使车型训练、测试结果均达到了98%以上。另外,本文还研究了改进网络中的Dropout层对车型识别效果的影响。与传统算法相比,经过本文改进后的卷积神经网络LeNet-5,在减少检测时间和提高识别率等方面都有了显著提高,在车型识别上具有明显的优势。     

基于步行GPS轨迹的路网提取方法

准确提取和及时更新路网信息,对于道路规划和车辆导航等方面至关重要。目前,基于GPS轨迹的路网提取方法一般是从浮动车或出租车的GPS轨迹中挖掘城市主干路网。然而,现有方法忽略了小路的自动提取,它对于抗震救灾、小区导航或乡村游览等场合非常重要。因此,本文提出基于步行GPS轨迹的路网提取方法,分为数据预处理、道路中心线生成和路网精度评价3个部分。其中,先后采用轨迹点聚类、聚类点分割和中心线拟合等方法生成道路中心线。通过自行采集的步行GPS数据进行实验,结果表明,本文方法能够准确提取路网,覆盖率可达96.21%,而误检率仅3.26%;并且能够提取小路和更新路网。     

道路线形特征自动分类方法

为了可持续性地更新道路信息数据库,利用车载全球卫星定位系统(GPS)产生的大量路径跟踪轨迹信息,快速捕捉道路信息变化,提出一个基于LVQ-Boosting的道路线形识别模型。该模型以学习向量量化（LVQ）为基础分类器,采用改进的Boosting算法进行网络集成,进一步提高LVQ的泛化能力,从而获得一个使用弱分类算法却具有强分类性能的分类器。该模型以GPS定位点坐标、速度和道路水平曲率为基本识别特征和输入变量,以道路线形特征为输出变量,实现自动识别道路线形特征,快速分组道路特征类型的目的。实验结果表明,该方法具有较高的道路线形的识别效率和精度。     

基于变换步长的车辆压线声信号包络提取算法

车辆经过减速带时与其在路面正常行驶时的声信号波形明显不同,其特征参数的提取对车辆数量、速度、类型等的自动判断至关重要,声信号包络曲线对其特征参数的提取相比原始信号有诸多优势,但传统包络提取算法在此类交通领域声信号包络提取方面存在毛刺多、特征参数难以真正体现信号性质和特征的问题。为解决此问题,结合车辆经过减速带时的声信号特点,提出一种基于变换步长的车辆压线声信号包络提取算法。该算法通过设置不同步长遍历信号,以每个步长内的最大值点绘制曲线并与原信号波形对比,以轮廓清晰度和特征点提取误差值为判断依据实现声信号包络的有效提取。实验结果表明,在相同采样点数条件下,所提算法比传统包络提取算法提取的包络曲线轮廓更清晰、毛刺少,且特征参数提取误差小。     

交通监控场景下的相机标定与车辆速度测量

针对交通监控场景中对车辆速度测量的需求,提出了一种相机标定方法和车辆速度测量方案。首先,通过深度学习YOLO检测算法和光流跟踪算法对图像中的车辆目标进行检测和跟踪,根据获得的轨迹集合使用级联霍夫变换计算出道路方向上的消失点,从而检测出道路上的标志线。之后根据消失点和标志线,使用试探焦距思想完成相机标定任务。最后通过计算多帧之间瞬时速度的平均值来实现车辆速度的测量。通过真实交通监控场景的实验结果表明,这种基于消失点的自动相机标定方法具有较好的稳定性和较高的标定精度,能够满足车辆速度测量和实际工程应用的需求。     

基于遗传算法的SAR图像自动道路提取

为了有效地进行SAR图像道路目标自动提取,提出了一种基于遗传算法的SAR图像道路目标自动提取方法。该方法首先通过Frost滤波器去相干斑;然后利用乘性Duda线特征检测算子进行线特征检测,接着利用Radon变换进行线基元提取,再利用遗传算法进行线基元连接;最后利用蛇模型调整道路位置并进行道路鉴别。在星载和机载SAR图像上进行的实验以及性能定量评估结果证明了该方法的有效性。