稀土Ce2O3掺杂TiO2薄膜的结构和光学特性

采用真空热蒸发法在玻璃、单晶硅衬底上制备Ce2O3掺杂TiO2薄膜，研究热处理和Ce2O3掺杂对薄膜性能的影响。结果显示，热处理可明显改善薄膜的结构和光学性能，Ce2O3掺杂可降低薄膜晶型转化温度。TiO2薄膜（玻璃衬底）经600℃热处理由锐钛矿转为金红石结构；当掺Ce2O3含量为5at％时热处理温度为500℃薄膜就已开始发生晶型转变。薄膜表面颗粒较均匀，存在程度不同的孔洞和颗粒聚集现象；掺Ce2O3后薄膜表面致密度明显增强。薄膜（玻璃衬底）的光学带隙从3．74eV降至3．60eV。     

Ag衬底层对FePt薄膜结构和性能的影响

采用磁控溅射方法在自然氧化的单晶Si(100)衬底上制备了双层结构的FePt-X/Ag(X=Ag或Pt)薄膜.以20nm厚的Ag做衬底,可以制备出易磁化轴垂直基片的FePt合金薄膜;Ag在FePt薄膜中优先团聚,不利于控制FePt晶粒的长大,调整Pt的含量可以控制热处理过程中FePt薄膜的晶粒尺度;通过XRD、TEM、VSM对薄膜样品的结构、晶粒尺寸的观察和磁性检测,我们认为FePt合金薄膜有序化转变的最佳热处理温度在400℃;经过500℃热处理,薄膜软硬磁耦合较好,晶粒尺寸约为100nm,有最大的矫顽力1.04×106A/m.     

热处理对溶胶-凝胶TiO2薄膜的晶相转变和性能影响

以钛酸丁酯（TPOT）为有机醇盐前驱体，采用溶胶－凝胶技术制备了TiO2溶胶。为测量方便起见，分别制备了凝胶粉体和薄膜，并对样品进行了不同温度的热处理。X射线衍射（XRD）、椭偏仪和紫外－可见光谱（UV－vis)的测量表明：随热处理温度的升高，TiO2的结构由非晶到锐钛矿再到金红石相转变，400℃为锐钛矿相，600℃开始出现金红石相，800℃完全转变为金红石相；晶粒尺寸随热处理温度的升高而逐渐增大，锐钛矿结构的晶粒尺寸范围是2.5-5.5nm，金红石结构的晶粒尺寸范围是5.9-6.8nm；TiO2薄膜的折射率随热处理温度的升高而增大，同时薄膜厚度降低；禁带宽度随热处理温度的升高而增大，同时薄膜厚度降低；禁带宽度随热处理温度升高而变窄，锐钛矿结构的禁带宽度为3.45eV，而金红石结构的禁带宽度为3.30eV。     

硅基氧化铱薄膜的脉冲激光沉积及其微观结构研究

采用脉冲激光沉积技术，在Si（100）基片上制备了高致密的氧化铱（IrO2）薄膜，研究了不同沉积温度对薄膜结构的影响。利用X射线衍射（XRD）、拉曼光谱、扫描电镜（SEM）和原子力显微镜（AFM）对制备的IrO2薄膜进行了表征。结果表明：在20Pa氧分压，250℃～500℃范围内，得到的薄膜为多晶的IrO2物相，其晶粒尺寸和粗糙度随着沉积温度的升高而增加；所得到的IrO2薄膜表面粗糙度低，厚度均匀，与基片结合良好。     

直流溅射沉积氧化镍薄膜及结构表征

采用直流溅射并结合热处理工艺制备氧化镍薄膜,利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDX)考察退火温度对薄膜结构、形貌和组成的影响,并通过恒流充放电技术初步考察薄膜的电化学性能.研究结果表明,在400℃～500℃退火温度下制备了表面光滑、结构致密的NiO薄膜;随着退火温度的升高,薄膜的晶粒尺寸逐渐增大,晶形趋于完整;其中,500℃下退火2 h获得的NiO薄膜具有良好的电化学循环稳定性,有望成为高性能的全固态薄膜镡电池阳极材料.     

真空热处理对TbDyFe薄膜结构和磁学性能的影响

采用磁控溅射制备TbDyFe非晶薄膜,系统研究了不同温度和时间真空热处理对薄膜结构与磁学性能的影响.当热处理温度高于450℃时,薄膜中有磁致伸缩的RFe2结晶相形成.热处理使Tb0.28Dy0.72Fe2薄膜的易磁化方向从垂直于膜面向平行于膜面转变,并显著提高膜面内饱和磁化强度.450℃真空热处理60min后Tb0.29Dy0.71Fe1.8薄膜饱和磁化强度较高、矫顽力低,更容易在低场下磁化,适于低场下作为磁致伸缩薄膜应用.     

锡基氧化物薄膜的制备及结构表征

采用直流反应溅射并结合热处理工艺制备锡基氧化物薄膜（SnOx，1≤x≤2），利用扫描电镜（SEM）、能谱仪（EDX）、x射线衍射仪（XRD）考察退火温度对薄膜表面形貌、组成和结构的影响，并通过恒流充放电初步考察薄膜的电化学性能。研究结果表明，在400-600℃退火温度下制备的SnOx薄膜表面光滑、结构致密；随着退火温度的升高，薄膜中SnO的含量逐渐减少，SnO2的含量逐渐增加，薄膜的晶粒尺寸增大，大小为30-50nm；600℃退火2h获得的SnOx薄膜具有良好的电化学循环稳定性，有望成为高性能的全固态薄膜锂电池阳极材料。     

WO3薄膜退火热处理工艺的研究

采用真空镀膜工艺在微晶玻璃衬底上沉积了WO3薄膜,WO3薄膜从300～600℃分别进行了退火热处理,随着退火热处理温度的不同,WO3薄膜从晶粒尺寸上以及晶相上都发生了较大的变化,并用SEM、XRD等手段进行了分析,随着退火热处理温度的升高,WO3晶粒逐渐增大,并实现了从非晶向晶态的转变,最终得到了六方结构并且是在[100]方向上择优取向的WO3薄膜,获得了稳定性较好的工艺条件,为进一步开发研制WO3气敏元件提供了技术基础.     

WO3薄膜退火热处理工艺的研究

采用真空镀膜工艺在微晶玻璃衬底上沉积了WO3薄膜,WO3薄膜从300～600℃分别进行了退火热处理,随着退火热处理温度的不同,WO3薄膜从晶粒尺寸上以及晶相上都发生了较大的变化,并用SEM、XRD等手段进行了分析,随着退火热处理温度的升高,WO3晶粒逐渐增大,并实现了从非晶向晶态的转变,最终得到了六方结构并且是在[100]方向上择优取向的WO3薄膜,获得了稳定性较好的工艺条件,为进一步开发研制WO3气敏元件提供了技术基础.     

退火温度对TiO2薄膜结构和表面形貌的影响

研究了退火温度对中频交流反应磁控溅射技术制备的TiO2薄膜结构和表面形貌的影响。利用X射线衍射 仪和原子力显微镜，检测了TiO2薄膜的晶体结构和表面形貌。实验结果显示：沉积态TiO2薄膜为非晶态；低温（700℃以下）退火后，TiO2薄膜出现锐钛矿相，晶粒长大不明显；高温退火（900℃以上）后，薄膜转变为金红石相，晶粒由柱状转变为棱状，并迅速长大至微米量级。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.