考虑运动状态时全井段钻柱疲劳裂纹扩展寿命计算研究

旋转钻进中钻柱既自转又反转,当其通过弯曲段或大间歇环空段时,偏心反转引起较大的弯曲应力,在复合载荷作用下常造成钻柱疲劳损伤。因此,钻柱疲劳寿命预测对钻柱的合理使用及损伤评估有重要价值。本文以全井段钻柱为研究对象,考虑了其进动与反进动状态,通过摩阻/扭矩分析确定了其轴向载荷及扭矩,并运用动力学观点分析了钻柱在不同井眼环空下的弯曲应力,由此计算出了全井段钻柱的合成应力,并结合Paris公式得出了钻柱疲劳寿命的计算方法。最后,编写了计算全井段钻柱受力和疲劳裂纹扩展寿命的计算机软件。算例表明,该方法能客观地反映井身结构、钻具组合及钻柱运动状态对钻柱疲劳裂纹扩展寿命的影响。     

弹塑性变形对螺栓应力和轴力分布的影响

为了解决液压机用锯齿形螺纹在啮合螺纹段第一扣牙根处的疲劳断裂问题,采用非线性有限元数值模拟方法,以ANSYS软件为工具,考虑螺栓和螺母材料的弹塑性,研究了不同轴力作用下啮合螺纹段的应力和变形规律.给出不同轴力下螺栓啮合螺纹段中轴力和牙根峰值等效应力沿螺母高度的非线性分布规律,得出螺母螺纹约70%塑性变形可使螺栓牙根峰值等效应力和牙间轴力趋于均匀分布的结论,为大型螺栓连接结构的弹塑性设计提供了有益指导.     

压弯组合应力下高强钢焊接板表面裂纹疲劳寿命计算

潜艇上浮下潜运动使得其耐压壳承受交变的外压载荷。潜艇耐压壳的疲劳热点为锥一柱过渡结构连接焊缝焊趾处，该处所受的应力特征为压弯组合应力。压弯组合应力下表面裂纹应力强度因子及其疲劳寿命的计算尚无报道。弄清楚压弯组合应力作用下带表面裂纹焊接板试件的疲劳特性对潜艇等结构的疲劳研究是必要的。文中提出用成一定角度的对接焊板试件和轴向加载获得压弯组合应力来模拟潜艇耐压壳锥一柱焊接结合区的应力特征的实验方法。用980高强钢作试件，研究焊趾处预制表面裂缝，并在压弯组合应力为特征的疲劳载荷作用下表面裂纹的疲劳行为。给出高强钢焊趾表面裂纹在压弯组合应力下应力强度因子及其疲劳寿命计算式。该结果可供海洋平台、压力容器及管道的某些受力特征为压弯组合应力的重要结构的疲劳设计时参考。     

多轴载荷下的无限寿命疲劳设计方法与设计数据

本文论述了多轴载荷下的无限寿命疲劳设计方法。提供了对称循环和非对称循环下的弯扭复合疲劳设计公式和三轴应力疲劳设计公式。并出了弯扭复合应力下的试验数据和疲劳设计数据。     

基于损伤力学的某飞机构件冲击疲劳寿命预估

某飞机起落系统中某重要构件在飞机往复起落中承受循环冲击载荷作用,需对该构件的冲击疲劳强度进行分析。损伤力学方法对冲击疲劳问题来说是一种新的分析方法。首先分析构件在静载荷作用下的细节应力,判明疲劳危险点,接着分析得到危险点在冲击载荷作用下的应力响应。然后构建冲击型损伤演化方程,并识别其中的材质参数,提出将应力响应视为载荷谱的应力应变场—损伤场解耦处理方式,发展了损伤力学—有限元法,使其可用于预估构件冲击疲劳裂纹萌生寿命。而后应用该方法对构件在冲击疲劳载荷与非冲击疲劳载荷作用下的疲劳裂纹萌生寿命进行预估,得到寿命预估结果,进而比较得到冲击疲劳载荷作用下和非冲击疲劳载荷作用下构件寿命的当量关系,为该构件的等效疲劳试验提供重要参考依据。     

无缝钢管疲劳断裂分离新工艺及实验研究

针对传统的金属管材分离技术存在生产效率低、能耗高以及浪费原材料等问题，采用了一种新的管材分离方法，利用偏心加载工艺和应力集中效应促使管材表面环状V形槽底尖端处快速萌生疲劳裂纹并控制疲劳裂纹的稳定扩展。描述了管材的偏心循环加载疲劳断裂分离装置的工作原理，推导出了疲劳加载下管材V形槽根部裂纹是否起裂的判断公式。设计了线性递减、多层阶梯递减、1/4凸弧递减和1/4凹弧递减四种实验控制曲线，针对304不锈钢管材进行实验研究，实现了管材的精密分离。实验结果表明，利用V形槽的应力集中效应，在偏心加载力的持续作用下，加载频率采用多层阶梯递减控制曲线由高到低地逐渐降低加载频率，能够保证管材V形槽根部裂纹的快速萌生和稳定扩展，并可实现管材快速断裂，获得良好的断面质量。     

载荷形式对疲劳寿命预测方法的影响

用力学分析方法解析了多种载荷条件下试件断面上各点应力分布规律,并根据这个分布规律由现有的大量旋转弯曲疲劳寿命实验数据推算同样材料的其他载荷形式下的疲劳寿命。同时,在旋转弯曲载荷条件下,通过建立试件表面应力应变与名义应力应变关系式,如何得出在单向拉压圆形试件名义与应力与旋转弯曲圆形试件表面应力相等时,通过试件断面上的应力梯度值和材料的静拉伸强度值,可以简便地预测出材料任何尺寸大小、一定应力水平下的疲     

Optimisation Method for Determination of Crack Tip Position Based on Gauss-Newton Iterative Technique

In the digital image correlation research of fatigue crack growth rate,the accuracy of the crack tip position determines the accuracy of the calculation of the stress intensity factor,thereby affecting the life prediction.This paper proposes a Gauss-Newton iteration method for solving the crack tip position.The conventional linear fitting method provides an iterative initial solution for this method,and the preconditioned conjugate gradient method is used to solve the ill-conditioned matrix.A noise-added artificial displacement field is used to verify the feasibility of the method,which shows that all parameters can be solved with satisfactory results.The actual stress intensity factor solution case shows that the stress intensity factor value obtained by the method in this paper is very close to the finite element result,and the relative error between the two is only-0.621％;The Williams coefficient obtained by this method can also better define the contour of the plastic zone at the crack tip,and the maximum relative error with the test plastic zone area is-11.29％.The relative error between the contour of the plastic zone defined by the conventional method and the area of the experimental plastic zone reached a maximum of 26.05％.The crack tip coordinates,stress intensity factors,and plastic zone contour changes in the loading and unloading phases are explored.The results show that the crack tip change during the loading process is faster than the change during the unloading process;the stress intensity factor during the unloading process under the same load condition is larger than that during the loading process;under the same load,the theoretical plastic zone during the unloading process is higher than that during the loading process.     

特殊扣套管接头的应力及密封特性分析

以特殊扣螺纹接头为分析对象 ,采用非线性有限元素法 ,分析了套管接头在上扣扭矩、轴向拉伸和内部压力作用下的受力特性。获得了这种特殊扣套管接头密封段、台肩面、螺纹啮合扣面以及管体的应力分布。结果表明 ,采用过盈配合来模拟上扣扭矩的方法具有较好精度。套管接头的薄弱区域在啮合螺纹承载面根部 ,该区域具有显著的应力集中。密封面接触压力随套管内部压力的增大而增大 ,轴向拉力对其影响很小 ,在本文的设计载荷作用下可以保证良好的密封特性     

双面受载齿轮弯曲疲劳设计方法研究

对现行的齿轮弯曲疲劳设计方法进行了研究，发现现行的方法如果采用按GB／T3480-1983齿轮弯曲疲劳实验方法，得出的数据进行齿轮的弯曲疲劳设计，只适用于齿轮单面受栽的情况。为了解决这一问题，从疲劳损伤的基本理论出发，结合GB／T3480—1983齿轮弯曲疲劳实验方法，推导出了求解齿轮双面受栽弯曲疲劳应力的修正方法和相应的计算公式，对原有的方法进行了补充。     

超高压管式反应器端部结构应力场的数值模拟

基于大型通用有限元软件ANSYS,对发生疲劳断裂的超高压管式反应器的端部结构进行数值模拟,分析了其在过盈套合、自增强处理以及服役期间开停工循环载荷三种工况下的局部应力场.结果表明:三种工况下,端部结构在过盈套合边缘局部范围内均存在较高的轴向拉应力,且大于环向应力;局部轴向应力随套合过盈量和自增强压力的增加而增大;半径过盈量为0.05 mm时,开停工循环载荷下的局部轴向平均应力最大值可达86.71 MPa,轴向交变应力幅值最大值达到62.2 MPa,裂纹垂直于轴向扩展的推动力较大.模拟分析结果对端部结构失效破坏原因的分析及其设计改进有一定的指导意义.     

双台阶钻柱螺纹联接弹塑性接触特性数值仿真

建立了双台阶钻柱螺纹接头有限元模型，采用弹塑性接触有限元混合法开发了钻柱螺纹接触特性分析程序，并对双台阶钻柱联接螺纹进行了应力应变分析，求得联接状态下由预紧力以及轴向力、内外压力、弯矩和扭矩所引起的螺纹联接部位的位移场和应力场，为评价其承载性能及密封性能提供了一种数值方法。     

圆螺纹套管接头的抗压缩极限载荷分析

采用非线性有限元方法，以API8牙圆螺纹套管接头为研究对象，在标准锥度公差条件下，模拟套管接头的上扣过程，计算分析上扣过程中内、外螺纹导向面和承载面上的应力分布，并对套管接头在压缩工况下的承载极限进行分析，得到套管接头在压缩载荷下的失效形式，失效载荷，并提出相应的失效判据。     

Loosening Evaluation of Bolted Joints Modified by Fine Particle Bombardment under Transverse Cyclic Loading

ABSTRACT

The objective of this article is to evaluate the loosening behavior of bolted joints modified by fine particle bombardment (FPB) under transverse cyclic loading. FPB treatment was conducted to thread surfaces of both the bolt and the nut. Self-loosening experiments were then performed on the bolted joint with high, medium, and low preload using a fatigue testing machine. The test results show that fretting wear occurs at the thread surface under transverse cyclic loading, which leads to gradual self-loosening of bolted joints without the rotation of the nut. FPB treatment alleviates thread wear by increasing the surface hardness and reducing the friction coefficient between threads, thereby improving the anti-loosening ability of bolted joints. After FPB treatment, the bolted joints with a lower preload exhibited a greater relative improvement in anti-loosening ability than those at a higher preload.     

扭曲管换热器管板的有限元分析

采用有限元分析软件ANSYS,对扭曲管换热器的管板在三种工况下的应力进行计算,分析了扭曲管轴向刚度削弱系数对管板应力强度及扭曲管轴向应力的影响。结果表明,扭曲管的轴向变形补偿能力优于普通直管,可以降低在温差载荷作用下管板中的应力,但会提高压力作用下的管板应力。在压力载荷作用下,扭曲管上的平均应力大小与普通直管差别不大,但扭曲管的轴向应力在管子横截面上的分布不均匀,局部的轴向应力远远高于平均应力水平,因此扭曲管抗疲劳和应力腐蚀开裂的能力不如直管。不同厚度的管板受扭曲管管束轴向刚度的影响不同,当管板厚度较小时,扭曲管管束轴向刚度的影响较大。     

多轴随机应变加载下铝合金缺口件有限元分析及寿命预测

在应变控制下对7075-T7451铝合金实心棒带U型环状缺口试件进行拉—扭比例、非比例恒幅和随机加载疲劳试验。查明名义剪切应力最大值与轴向应力最大值的下降规律,并用两者最先开始下降时的循环数比值来评估裂纹萌生寿命。利用弹塑性有限元法分析不同加载条件下试件缺口根部的循环应力、应变响应。基于有限元计算得到的应力、应变结果,采用拉伸型多轴疲劳损伤模型预测随机加载条件下缺口试件的疲劳裂纹萌生寿命,计算结果与试验得到的寿命比较吻合。     

Numerical studies on crack growth in a steel tubular T-joint

The results of a numerical investigation on fatigue crack growth of an offshore tubular T-joint under the action of axial, in-plane and out-of-plane bending loads are presented in this paper. Extensive stress analysis has been carried out to determine the location of the hot spot stress along the brace—chord intersection for each load case. Semi-elliptical cracks with varying crack lengths and crack depths were introduced at the hot spot location by means of line spring elements for stress intensity factor evaluation. The line springs were properly constrained to prevent the problem of crack surface penetration. The stress intensity factors obtained are then used in a crack growth law for life estimation.     

Fatigue strength and fracture behaviour of CHS-to-RHS T-joints subjected to out-of-plane bending

The fatigue behaviour of six different hollow section T-joints subjected to out-of-plane bending moment was investigated experimentally using scaled steel models. The joints had circular brace members and rectangular chord members. Hot spot stresses and the stress concentration factors (SCFs) were determined experimentally. Fatigue testing was carried out under constant amplitude loading in air. The test results have been statistically evaluated, and show that the experimental SCF values for circular-to-rectangular (CHS-to-RHS) hollow section joints were found to be below those of circular-to-circular (CHS-to-CHS) hollow section joints. The fatigue strength, referred to experimental hot spot stress, was in reasonably good agreement with referred fatigue design codes for tubular joints.     

Fretting Fatigue Life Estimation of Al 7075-T6 Using Plain Fatigue Test

Fretting fatigue occurs in many engineering applications. Fretting fatigue life is estimated by experiment, which is tedious and requires special equipment and instrumentation. In this study, we attempt to introduce a method for estimation of fretting fatigue life from plain fatigue (normal fatigue without fretting) experiments. The method employs the critical distance theory for estimation of fretting fatigue life of Al7075-T6 under rotary bending loading. The approach uses the Fatemi-Socie parameter (FSP) as a multiaxial criterion to account for the stress multiaxiality on focus path. A comparison between the predictions of the new approach with the experimental results shows that the approach is quite accurate for low stress or high cycle fatigue regimes but for high stresses it is slightly conservative. This method considers only elastic behavior for materials and two characteristic diagrams that are obtained simply by testing two simple notched specimens under plain fatigue conditions. The method is therefore an applicable approach that can be used in the context of finite fretting fatigue life estimation with no need for fretting fatigue tests.     

螺纹封头结构式超高压容器防止疲劳失效的措施

超高压容器在结构上存在局部不连续 ,因而引起应力集中。由于频繁的和开、停操作 ,造成工作压力和载荷的变化而引起交变循环应力 ,对于单层套螺纹封头结构的超高压容器 ,根据现有容器疲劳失效的情况 ,容器疲劳破坏的部位一般都在筒体与螺塞的螺纹联接处 ,在该截面处的峰值应力也最大。所以我们着重分析筒体在螺纹连接处的受力情况 ,通过改善容器结构来降低应力集中 ,从而提高疲劳寿命。