钢筋混凝土直剪性能的几种加固方法研究

本文介绍钢筋混凝土直剪性能的几种加固方法和效果,加固方法包括垂直直剪面黏贴CFRP、与直剪面斜向黏贴CFRP、以及钢板锚固。研究发现,垂直直剪面黏贴CFRP,加固后钢筋混凝土的直剪承载力随CFRP加固率的增加而增大,提高范围为6%~34%。与直剪面斜向黏贴CFRP,加固钢筋混凝土最佳黏贴角度约70°,提高范围为28%~51%。钢板锚固通过改变直剪破坏面的位置达到加固目的,对于低配筋钢筋混凝土,直剪承载力提高约45.2%。     

CFRP加固混凝土直剪承载力提高机理

设计8个BR系列粗糙摩擦试件和5个DA系列销栓作用试件,获得外贴碳纤维增强聚合物(CFRP)加固钢筋混凝土直剪承载力中的分量。基于直剪分量模型给出各直剪分量随直剪相对位移的发展过程,揭示加固后混凝土直剪承载力提高的机理。研究表明,因粘结作用激发的直剪抗力分量显著增加是加固试件直剪承载力增大的主要原因。相比未加固试件,粘结作用分量占总直剪承载力百分比的提高幅度达152%~284%。而其他直剪分量(分别因骨料咬合作用、剪胀作用和销栓作用激发)提供的直剪抗力与未加固构件基本持平。     

高强钢筋和剪跨比对混凝土构件直剪性能的影响

配置高强钢筋是否可提高钢筋混凝土构件的直剪承载力,以及在何剪跨比范围内可能发生直剪破坏,目前的认识仍不清楚。设计8个配置HRB400和HRB500钢筋的Z形直剪试件,配筋率0.48%~1.10%,通过对比试验,研究钢筋种类对直剪性能的影响。设计4个牛腿形试件,剪跨比0.21,0.43,0.74和0.87,试验研究破坏形态转变规律及直剪破坏范围。结果表明,与配置HRB400钢筋相比,配置HRB500钢筋试件的直剪承载力可提高2%~8%;随着剪跨比的增大,试件的破坏形态经历了从直剪到斜压,最后到弯曲的转变;当剪跨比小于0.3时易发生直剪破坏。     

CFRP加固锈蚀钢筋混凝土短柱的抗震性能

为评估CFRP加固锈蚀钢筋混凝土短柱抗震性能的效果,选取1根未锈蚀钢筋混凝土短柱、2根锈蚀钢筋混凝土短柱和4根CFRP加固锈蚀钢筋混凝土短柱进行抗震性能试验研究,考察了CFRP加固量、细骨料类型对抗震加固效果的影响情况,建议了CFRP加固锈蚀钢筋混凝土短柱受剪承载力的实用计算公式。结果表明:钢筋锈蚀会降低短柱的抗震性能,锈蚀钢筋试件的受剪承载力、极限变形能力和累积滞回耗能较未锈蚀钢筋试件分别降低了7.8%、35.5%和42.2%;外包CFRP加固能将锈蚀钢筋试件的受剪承载力提高至未锈蚀钢筋试件的107.1%～109.1%,并显著改善短柱的延性和耗能能力;外包CFRP的层数由1层增至2层时,加固试件的受剪承载力提高较少,且试件达到峰值荷载时,CFRP的最大应变减少;在钢筋锈蚀前后和CFRP加固前后,混凝土短柱无量纲近极限滞回环的滞回规则大体相同。     

考虑箍筋与CFRP布相互作用的CFRP布加固RC梁受剪承载力细观研究

为揭示CFRP布加固RC梁剪切破坏机理，采用同时考虑混凝土材料细观非均质性、钢筋与混凝土相互作用、CFRP布与混凝土相互作用的数值模拟方法，建立CFRP布加固RC梁三维细观数值分析模型。分析了箍筋、CFRP布及其相互作用对梁剪切破坏的影响，建立了CFRP布加固RC梁截面名义抗剪强度修正计算式。研究表明：梁受剪承载力随配箍率(0%、0.2%、0.5%、0.8%)和配纤率(0%、0.066 8%、0.133 6%、0.267 2%)增大均有不同程度提高，但提高幅度随配箍率和配纤率增加而减小；箍筋应变和CFRP布应变均与主斜裂缝位置紧密相关，越靠近主斜裂缝位置的应变越大，且峰值应变随配箍率和配纤率增加而减小，当配纤率由0.066 8%增至0.267 2%时，CFRP布应变降低了45.9%,当配箍率由0.2%增至0.8%时，CFRP布应变减小了30.6%;箍筋和CFRP布之间存在不利相互作用，其对梁的剪切贡献不能简单叠加；建立的考虑配箍率、配纤率及其相互作用影响的CFRP布加固RC梁截面名义抗剪强度修正计算式计算值与试验值的误差小于20%,较为准确合理，可用于预测CFRP布加固RC梁的受剪承载...     

纤维增强复合材料满贴加固新疆杨木短柱轴心抗压试验研究

为研究纤维增强复合材料满贴加固新疆杨木柱的力学性能,对新疆杨木矩形截面短柱采用玄武岩纤维增强复合材料(BFRP)或碳纤维增强复合材料(CFRP)分别粘贴1层和2层进行加固,而后进行轴心抗压试验,对其承载力、荷载-应变曲线、纵向变形、横向变形等力学性能指标进行对比分析。试验结果表明:BFRP和CFRP满贴加固能够显著提高新疆杨木柱的轴心受压性能,承载力提高幅度中单层的介于71.3%~75%,双层的介于83.8%~86.9%;且BFRP满贴加固后木柱的抗压承载力较大,CFRP满贴加固后木柱的纵向变形能力较好,横向约束作用相对明显。     

预应力CFRP布加固低强度混凝土方柱的力学性能

为了研究预应力碳纤维增强复合材料(CFRP)布加固低强度混凝土轴心受压柱的力学性能,按截面配筋率不同设计制作了3组12根混凝土方形截面柱,混凝土强度均为C20,每组包括3根利用预应力CFRP布加固的混凝土柱和1根未加固的普通混凝土柱.通过对每组柱的静载试验,得到了试验柱极限承载力、轴向位移等试验数据,并利用有限元软件ANSYS建立了分析模型,对预应力CFRP布加固低强度混凝土柱进行了研究.结果表明:预应力CFRP布加固的混凝土柱在纵向受力钢筋屈服后,预应力CFRP布对混凝土的环向预压作用能够明显提高加固柱的极限承载力,且承载力提高幅度受截面配筋率及CFRP布张拉控制应力影响;对于配筋率较低的混凝土柱,利用预应力CFRP布加固后柱的承载力提高幅度随CFRP布预拉应力的提高而增大;同时能够明显提高混凝土的极限压应变,增大加固柱的轴向变形;采用预应力CFRP布加固技术能够使CFRP布较早地参与受力,充分发挥其高强度特性.     

截面预裂的RC构件直剪与斜剪承载力比较

钢筋混凝土构件截面中若存在与剪力方向平行的裂缝,则构件的直剪承载力显著降低。目前我国规范未进行直剪设计或验算,可能存在安全隐患。为说明此问题,进行了试验和分析研究。设计22个具有不同的贯通裂缝长度、直剪配筋率和直剪钢筋位置的Z形试件,得到了其直剪极限承载力。结果显示,直剪极限承载力随裂缝长度的增大而减小,但基本不受钢筋布置位置的影响。采用分析的方法并考虑可靠度近似一致,获得了与直剪面具有相同材料和几何特征但不同配箍率的构件斜剪极限承载力。在极限承载力和承载力设计值两个层面上,比较直剪和斜剪承载力。研究发现,若截面存在贯通裂缝、箍筋配筋率较大(大于0.18%)而直剪钢筋较少(小于0.60%)时,需要进行直剪承载力验算以保证设计安全。     

CFRP外贴加固混凝土梁斜截面力学性能及影响因素的试验研究

通过8根碳纤维布加固混凝土粱的抗剪试验,研究了碳纤维布加固方式、加同量、条带间距及粘贴层数对混凝土梁抗剪加固效果的影响.试验结果表明:外贴CFRP条带能有效提高试件的抗剪承载力,其破坏模式主要为CFRP布黏结失效破坏.承载力提高程度与加固方式、加固量、条带间距及枯贴层数密切相关.在受剪过程中,CFRP材料在混凝土梁裂缝发生之后开始发挥作用,而且CFRP条带的应变在斜截面上的分布不均匀.     

小剪跨比作用下CFRP抗剪加固梁的尺寸效应

研究了几何比例相同的大、小两种不同尺寸的外贴U形碳纤维增强复合条带材料(CFRP)抗剪加固钢筋混凝土梁在小剪跨比作用下的尺寸效应规律。研究结果表明,U形加固梁最终抗剪承载力的提高率与试验梁的尺寸有关,小尺寸梁优于大尺寸梁。同时,外贴U形CFRP条带的理论剪贡献值与实际剪贡献值存在差异,小尺寸梁的理论剪贡献值要小于实际剪贡献值,大尺寸梁则是相反的。另外,CFRP条带的剪力值随加载水平的增加而增加,大尺寸的增长速度要快于小尺寸的,且在任一相同加载水平下,大尺寸加固梁的CFRP条带剪力值高于小尺寸梁的。     

Punching shear strength of interior slab–column connections strengthened with carbon fiber reinforced polymer sheets

In this paper, punching shear strengthening of flat slabs using Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) sheets is studied. Fifteen specimens of reinforced concrete slabs were tested. Thirteen of them were strengthened by CFRP sheets and two specimens were kept as control specimens. Four of these strengthened specimens were tested under cyclic vertical loading. The width of CFRP sheets varied in different specimens. The CFRP sheets were located at the tension side of the slabs in two perpendicular directions. Vertical load was applied downward through a column stub using a hydraulic Jack. In all specimens, no rupture of CFRP sheets was observed. The test results showed that the use of CFRP sheet, in addition to steel reinforcing bars, as flexural reinforcement improves the punching shear strength of slabs. This improvement can be significant for the slabs made of high strength concrete and low steel reinforcement ratio. However, the improvement of punching shear strength due to FRP strengthening reduced under cyclic vertical loading. The test results were compared with the equations proposed by ACI 318 and BS 8110 Codes. The ACI Code underestimates the punching shear strength of slabs and this underestimation becomes more pronounced with the increase in the flexural reinforcement. The BS 8110 Code appropriately accounts for the effect of flexural reinforcement on punching shear strength of slabs. However, for the strengthened slabs, an equivalent reinforcement ratio should be used to include the effect of both steel and CFRP flexural reinforcement.     

地震荷载下加入钢纤维的钢筋混凝土柱的抗剪强度和性能

钢筋混凝土柱中使用钢纤维,可以帮助改善在地震激励作用下柱的抗破裂性。在性能试验中准备了8根构件,用于评估钢纤维对于钢筋混凝土柱的剪切强度和行为的加固作用。该项研究中采用的变量是钢纤维的体积分数(例如:0·0%,1·0%1·5%和2·0%)和抗剪钢筋的名义比率(例如0·26%和0·21%)。从试验结果可以看到,抗剪能力增加最大的达到了1·5%的钢纤维体积分数。为了预测这些柱子的最大抗剪强度,Hirosawa和Priestley提出了剪切强度计算公式,评价和应用了ACI318-99,AIJMB和NZS3101中的剪切强度公式。通过参数和退化的分析,对Priestley公式进了修正,包含了钢纤维加固的作用。最后,这个公被用于预测加入了钢纤维的钢筋混凝土柱的抗剪力。     

高强钢绞线网加固混凝土粘结性能试验研究

通过高强钢绞线网聚合物砂浆加固层与混凝土结构的剥离破坏试验,对加固层与混凝土界面的剥离破坏特征进行了研究。探讨了单侧加固、植筋加固及U型加固等不同的加固方式对加固层抗剪承载力及抗剪强度的影响。试验结果表明,采用U型加固等增加粘结面积的方式能有效提高加固层粘结面抗剪承载力,但同时会削弱加固层的抗剪强度,而在界面上植入抗剪钢筋后,能同时提高聚合物砂浆加固层的抗剪承载力及抗剪强度。根据试验结果,提出了最小植筋率的建议值。     

Tests on reinforced concrete beams strengthened in shear using near surface mounted CFRP and steel bars

This paper presents the experimental results obtained from testing four large scale reinforced concrete T-beams strengthened in shear using near surface mounted (NSM) carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) bars and conventional steel reinforcing bars. The experimental program studied the effects of the orientation of the NSM bars, their type and their anchorage into the flange concrete. The tests showed that the NSM bars were engaged in the resistance as soon as they were crossed by a crack. The strengthening increased the shear capacity by 37%-92%, reduced the width of the diagonal cracks and allowed the beams to develop significant flexural ductility. The results also showed that orienting the NSM bars at 45° and extending their anchorage into the flange concrete improved the efficiency of strengthening. The CFRP strengthened test regions achieved 7%-10% larger shear capacity than the steel strengthened test regions, and their behavior was relatively similar.     

Experimental study on shear connection in unfilled composite steel grid bridge deck

This paper describes the results of experimental tests on the shear connection of the unfilled composite steel grid deck. To investigate the slip behavior and the shear strength of the connection, a total of 14 push-out specimens with variables for the number of holes, the area of reinforcements through holes, and the reinforcement diameter, were fabricated and push-out tests were performed. From the test results, each contribution affecting the shear resistance of the connection such as the friction force between the steel beam and the concrete, the concrete dowels, and the shear force due to reinforcement bars, was evaluated experimentally. An analytical expression was developed based on an existing formula used to predict the shear resistance of the connection. The equation predicts the shear strength to within 10% of the experimental results for the connection with reinforcing bars.     

箱型连续梁桥复合加固效果动力特性评定

箱型桥梁复合加固的效果是工程中比较关注的课题。本文结合典型箱型连续梁桥-连霍高速公路仁存沟高架桥病害情况,采用复合加固手段提高桥梁承载能力。针对该桥复合加固的效果评定,采用了比较加固前后桥梁动力特性的变化方法进行。建立了该桥的数值模型,分别研究了体外预应力、铆粘钢板、增大截面及粘贴碳纤维布和复合加固法等多种加固措施对桥梁动力特性的影响。计算结果表明,铆粘钢板法、增大截面法等加固法明显影响了桥梁振动频率,可采用频率的变化来评估加固效果;体外预应力加固法、外贴碳纤维和复合加固方法对桥梁动力特性的影响比较复杂,可以通过联合动力特性和静力测试分析加固效果。     

CFRP布约束方钢管混凝土短柱轴压性能试验研究

基于16根CFRP布约束外包圆弧化砂浆面层方钢管混凝土(CFRP-circular arc cement mortar layer-square concrete-filled steel tube,C-C-SCFST)短柱轴压承载试验,研究了CFRP层数和外包圆弧化水泥砂浆面层(circular arc cement mortar layer,CAM)对C-C-SCFST柱承载力和变形的影响规律。试验结果表明:随方钢管外包圆弧化砂浆面层中部厚度的增加,构件竖向承载力有较大幅度的提高。CAM的存在使得CFRP布在方钢管角部应力集中得到一定程度缓解,试件总体受力特征类似于CFRP约束圆CFST柱,轴压极限荷载作用下内部SCFST柱发生剪切破坏导致外部CFRP布断裂。基于试验结果和现有规范提出C-C-SCFST短柱承载力计算式,计算结果与试验结果吻合良好。     

碳纤维布加固钢筋混凝土梁的弯曲性能

对采用碳纤维布加固的钢筋混凝土梁的弯曲性能进行研究。考察了配筋率ρ对加固梁弯曲强度的影响。对12个混凝土梁试件(截面尺寸为宽150mm,高200mm,长2000mm)进行了试验。梁截面具有三种不同的纵向钢筋配筋率,9个试件在受弯区域采用碳纤维布加固,另外3个试件作为对比试件。不同试件中,碳纤维布的宽度、长度和层数是变化的。与对比试件相比,加固梁的弯曲强度和刚度增加了。从研究结果可得出,与最大配筋率的梁相比,ACI440·2R-02的设计指南和加拿大的I-SIS高估了碳纤维布在小配筋率梁的弯曲强度方面的增加作用。随着梁的配筋率ρ的增长,试验荷载与按照ACI440·2R-02指南和加拿大ISIS计算荷载的比值是增长的。因此,由两个设计指南提出的方程更适合于高配筋率的梁,接近最大配筋率ρmax的梁试件的破坏具有足够的延性。     

加筋砌体中弯钩钢筋的性能

介绍国外在混凝土砌块加筋墙中,对一种典型的弯钩钢筋之性能和锚固特征所进行的研究。试件的结构是代表洞口附近的一部分墙体的。弯钩钢筋是结合梁中常用的一种抗剪或抗拉钢筋,水平钢筋钩住门窗侧壁的垂直钢筋。在垂直和水平钢筋上施加拉力,而相对位移是作为荷载的函数进行观测的。     

Truss-arch model for shear strength of seismic-damaged SRC frame columns strengthened with CFRP sheets

Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) materials are important reinforcing substances which are widely used in the shear strengthening of seismic-damage steel reinforced concrete (SRC) frame structures. To investigate the shear strength of SRC frame columns strengthened with CFRP sheets, experimental observations on eight seismic-damaged SRC frame columns strengthened with CFRP sheets were conducted at Yangtze University and existing experimental data of 49 SRC columns are presented. Based on the existing experiments, the theories of damage degree, zoning analysis of concrete, and strengthening material of the column are adopted. To present the expression formula of the shear strength of SRC frame columns strengthened with CFRP sheets, the contributions of strengthening material and transverse reinforcement to shear strength in the truss model are considered, based on the truss-arch model. The contribution of arch action is also considered through the analysis of the whole concrete and that of the three zones of the concrete are also considered. The formula is verified, and the calculated results are found to match well with the experimental results. Results indicate that the proposed whole analysis model can improve the accuracy of shear strength predictions of shear seismic-damaged SRC frame columns reinforced with CFRP sheets.