Integrated Water Resources Management in the Republic of Uzbekistan

Abstract

The Uzbek socio-economic structure is characterized by the transition from a centrally-planned to a market-orientated economy, with a shifting from agricultural production to industrial development. However, the agricultural sector continues to play a significant role in a general economy of the country. The major water sector strategy is to decrease the dependence of agricultural production on climate by introducing advanced irrigation techniques and water saving methods to achieve future sustainable socio-economic development and environmental protection. Water management policy should be flexible enough to adapt to new demands. The regulation of consumption through demand management tools, such as appropriate pricing policies, has recently received greater attention in Uzbekistan. The main thesis of this paper is that allocation of water resources cannot be separated from ecological and economic considerations. The establishment of development objectives and the identification of constraints are also discussed. In the coming years, special attention will need to be paid to the control of water pollution and land salinization, water resources conservation, and acknowledging that actions to increase water productivity are as important as finding additional sources of water.     

格尔木市水量调度管理调研分析

水量实时调度根据取水许可或水权、用户的需水过程和实时来水及未来来水预测信息进行实时分配水资源。对格尔木市水量调度管理的历史演变过程进行了简要总结,介绍目前的调度制度及其运行效果和存在的问题,并提出改进建议。用水与发电的利益冲突是目前水量调度中的主要矛盾,计量设施不足限制了水量精细调度,建立与水权相配合的调度制度是未来的发展方向。     

Pressure Control for Leakage Minimisation in Water Distribution Systems Management

A model to support decision systems regarding the quantification, location and opening adjustment of control valves in a network system, with the main objective to minimise pressures and consequently leakage levels is developed. This research work aims at a solution that allows simultaneously optimising the number of valves and its location, as well as valves opening adjustments for simulation in an extended period, dependently of the system characteristics. EPANET model is used for hydraulic network analysis and two operational models are developed based on the Genetic Algorithm optimisation method for pressure control, and consequently leakage reduction, since a leak is a pressure dependent function. In these two modules, this method has guaranteed an adequate technique performance, which demands a global evaluation of the system for different scenarios. A case study is presented to show the efficiency of the system by pressure control through valves management.     

Water Conservation in Oman

ABSTRACT

Limited resources and growing needs for water have triggered a nationwide campaign for water conservation in the Sultanate of Oman. A land and soil survey study of Oman shows the availability of more arable land than present water resources could support. Groundwater is the main source for agricultural production. Overpumping at rates higher than the natural recharge has resulted in lowering of the ground water table, while seawater intrusion has led to an increase in soil salinity. A comprehensive water program is underway to: (1) conserve water through efficent irrigation, use of soil additives, modern irrigation systems, agronomic management, and institutionalization; and (2) augmentation of resources via introduction of more desalinization plants, more waste water treatment, use of brackish water; water fog collection, and water harvesting by building recharge dams.     

水权理论与南水北调工程水权分配

南水北调是一项跨流域、跨省市的远距离调水工程,由于沿线各省（市）的自然地理、人口、资源、社会、经济等状况各不相同,因此必然存在流域、城市之间用水矛盾和利益协调问题。通过对国内外水权现状进行研究,根据水权基本理论,从我国社会主义市场经济体制、水资源状况和南水北调工程实际出发,提出了南水北调工程水权分配的基本思路、原则和程序。     

南水北调来水后北京的水资源优化配置

南水北调工程是缓解北京市水紧张局面的根本措施，该工程完成后，水量调蓄运行是水管理工作的关键问题，应及早筹度落实，利用西部永定河滞洪水库及周边建设水源井以调节来水，形成以密云水库和南水北调来水为主的供水系统，两个水源系统联合调节运行，是南水北调来水后调节运行的理想方案。     

松辽流域初始水权分配程序初探

制定松辽流域初始水权分配的合理程序,是分配工作顺利进行的前提条件.设计的程序结合现有水资源管理体制,兼顾权威性和开放性的要求,突出广泛参与和民主协商的机制,力求为初始水权分配实现政策目标提供可操作的基本工作程序.     

水资源的优化配置是中国先进生产力的发展要求

先进社会生产力的发展要求就是实现可持续发展水利，要求我们转变思想，实现水资源优化配置，保障可持续利用。具体措施为通过一保、二节、三管、四调、五科技等主要政策手段，保证 防洪安全，优化水资源配置，保证环境与生态用水。     

分布式水文模拟模型在流域水资源管理中的应用

旨在通过对国外比较流行的分布式流域水文模拟模型的介绍，对比分析各类模型的总体结构、特点及适应领域，结合在流域水资源管理中的应用，为流域水资源管理部门及相关研究工作人员在进行流域水文模拟模型选用时提供参考。     

Water Distribution Control Model in the Yellow River Basin

Abstract

This study develops a water distribution control model to manage and operate a multipurpose, multi-reservoir system in the Yellow River Basin. The aim is to make the best use of limited water resources and to coordinate different uses. The overall control task is made up of two processes. An initial distribution scheme is obtained through a simulation model first, then the scheme's output suggestions are adjusted by a harmony index which is considered as a feedback regulator, and the order parameter in synergetic theory is applied in this regulator. Control criteria and a subsequent application of the method are presented. Case studies indicate that the proposed control process facilitates quick and efficient distribution control and can provide both theoretical and technical support for sustainable water resources development in the Yellow River in China.     

菏泽市水资源现状分析及水资源管理的措施研究

本文介绍了菏泽市水资源利用现状,通过分析缺水原因,菏泽市水行政主管部门实施了最严格的水资源管理措施,不断加强水利工程建设、水资源管理机构建设和水政执法监督,增强水资源利用率,严格落实水资源论证与取用水制度,实施最严格的水资源管理考核制度。     

加快建立水务统一管理的新体制

水资源是国家重要的战略性稀缺资源，实行水务统一管理就是要对水资源的物质形态、市场要素和治水内涵包括开发、利用、治理、配置、节约、保护实行全方位、全领域、全过程的统一管理，最终实现水资源的优化配置。     

A Modeling System for the Evaluation of Water Resources Management Strategies in Thessaly,Greece

A modeling system was developed to evaluate the sustainability of water resources management strategies in the two major basins of Thessaly Region in Greece, namely the Pinios River and the Lake Karla basins. The intense and extensive agriculture of water demanding crops, such as cotton, and the absence of reasonable water resources management have lead to a remarkable water demand increase, which is usually fulfilled by the over-exploitation of groundwater resources. This unsustainable practice has deteriorated the already disturbed water balance and accelerated water resources degradation. The modeling system consists of a hydrological model, a reservoir operation model and methods for the estimation of water demands. The study area was sub-divided into sub-basins and water balance analyses were performed for each sub-basin and each control node of the system for a number of water resources management strategies. Four strategies of hydro-technical project development were coupled with two strategies of groundwater withdrawal and three water demand strategies. In total, more than 24 water management strategies were evaluated. The results showed that, under the existing water resources management, the water deficit of the Pinios River and Lake Karla basins is very large. However, the development of proposed hydro-technical projects in the Pinios River basin coupled with water demand management measures, like improvement of existing water distribution systems, change of irrigation methods, and changes of crop cultivation could alleviate the problem and lead to sustainable and ecological use of water resources in the study area.     

漳卫南运河水资源与水环境存在问题及管理对策

通过对漳卫南运河水资源与水环境调查资料进行分析,表明漳卫南运河正面临断流加重、多种污染物严重超标、地下水超采、水污染纠纷频发、水利工程老化失修等多种问题.分析了漳卫南运河水管部门存在的管理漏洞.认为管理手段落后和管理机制缺陷制约着漳卫南运河整体管理水平的提高,提出解决这些问题必须从经济、技术、法制各方面对漳卫南运河进行统一管理.最后,着重论述了漳卫南运河近期需要进行的重点工作:水污染物排放量的削减、加强城市污水和垃圾治理、农业面源及养殖业污染治理、洪水资源化、饮水工程建设、加强环保宣传教育工作和建立节水机制.     

探索21世纪松辽流域现代水利发展之路

在建立与可持续发展相适应的防洪减灾、水资源供给和水生态保护三大保障体系中，松辽流域水利应搞好洪减洪灾保障体系、人给保障体系、水生态和环境保护体系的规划和实施，同时要按照“依法管水，统一管理，规划先行，科技第一”的原则做好流域水利管理工作。     

水文与水资源专业课程体系构建中应关注的几个问题

就如何科学、合理地构建“水文与水资源”专业课程体系 ,提高该专业人才培养质量 ,结合我国目前水资源、水环境的状况提出几个值得关注的问题 ,力图从该专业课程体系改革中找到准确的切入点     

湖南水利建设现状和发展前瞻

湖南当前和今后一段时间，水利建设总体上将以增强防汛抗旱整体能力为重点，逐步实现由工程水利向资源水利，由传统水利向现代水利、可持续发展水利转变。     

石羊河流域水资源管理与生态修复成效、问题与对策措施研究

结合石羊河流域干旱缺水,地下水资源严重超采,生态环境严重恶化的实际,分析了水资源管理与生态修复的初步成效与存在问题,提出了严格总量控制和定额管理、强化过程控制和精细管理、深化水价改革、建立水权交易长效机制、加快末级渠系配套建设、优化农业结构和推行区域化种植六项对策措施,以实现农民增收、经济发展、生态修复及水资源可持续利用的目标。     

松辽流域初始水权分配类型和拥有期限研究

借鉴国内、国外经验,提出从"流域向区域、区域向用水户"两个层次划分松辽流域水资源使用权初始分配类型和拥有期限.第一层次按用水类型分为国民经济用水、生态与环境用水、公共用水和政府预留水量,期限整体定为30年.第二层次按水资源功能和开发利用方式分为取水、水能开发、水域占用和航道设置等使用权,期限定为5～30年.     

建设水资源实时监控管理系统：水利现代化的技术方向

水资源优化配置水资源管理的重点，而水资源实时监控管理系统在水资源优化配置中又具有举足轻重的作用。水资源实时监控管理系统由数据库、模型库、知识库、在线数据采集子系统、综合信息管理子系统、综合分析与决策支持子系统、实时控制管理系统等组成。