CH4／CO2转化制合成气（CO／H2）Ni／Al2O3系列催化剂抗积炭性能的研究

本文采用原位燃烧色谱法研究了催化剂对CH4／CO2转化制合成气反应的抗积炭性能，测定了反应中催化剂的积炭量，考察了温度等反应条件对积炭量的影响，发现Ni／CeO2－MgO－Al2O3－2催化剂具有较强的抗积炭性能，尤其在低CO2／CH4比的条件下，明显优于其他催化剂。     

乙苯CO_2脱氢规整结构催化剂

以堇青石蜂窝陶瓷为第一载体、γ-Al2O3为第二载体,制备了用于乙苯CO2脱氢的Fe系催化剂。研究发现,当Fe2O3负载量为10%时,Fe2O3/γ-Al2O3催化剂对于乙苯CO2脱氢反应活性最佳;添加适量碱金属、碱土金属和稀土元素氧化物为助剂改善Fe2O3/γ-Al2O3催化剂性能,催化剂活性明显提高,稳定性也有所增加。通过与传统颗粒催化剂比较,采用规整结构γ-Al2O3涂层堇青石负载的Fe系催化剂,乙苯转化率和苯乙烯选择性均有明显提高,反应温度为600℃、反应压力为常压、EB∶CO2为1∶10(摩尔比)、乙苯液时体积空速为1.0 h-1时,乙苯转化率可达85%,苯乙烯选择性为98%。     

压力对CH4/CO2重整制取合成气反应性能的影响

以Ni／CeO2-Al2O3为催化剂,考察了压力对CH4／CO2重整反应的影响。实验结果表明,提高反应压力不仅使甲烷和二氧化碳的转化率降低,并由于积炭的加剧致使催化剂的失活速度加快。提高原料气中CO2与CH4摩尔比,气体空速,反应温度可以提高催化剂稳定性,减缓催化剂的失活速度。向反应体系中加入消碳能力强的O2同样可以提高催化剂稳定性。     

C301/P-γ-Al2O3双功能催化剂一步合成二甲醚

利用磷酸浸渍改性甲醇脱水催化剂γ-Al2O3得到的P-γ-Al2O3与甲醇合成催化剂C301制备双功能催化剂(C301/P-γ-Al2O3).以C301/P-γ-Al2O3为催化剂,液体石蜡为溶剂,在浆态床反应器中研究合成气一步法制二甲醚(DME),考察了反应温度、压力、空速和合成气中的CO2含量对一步法制DME的影响...     

Ni/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂上甲烷水蒸气重整制合成气

采用固定床装置,考察了负载型Ni系列催化剂及反应条件对Ni/γ-Al2O3催化剂的甲烷水蒸气重整反应的影响,并利用XRD和TPR技术对催化剂样品进行表征。结果表明,在空速1 800 h-1,n(H2O)∶n(CH4)∶n(N2)=2.86∶1∶3.28,反应温度700℃的条件下,催化剂Ni含量在9%时反应性能最佳,可得到94.3%的CH4转化率和64.9%的CO选择性。     

甘油在改性Ni/γ-Al2O3催化剂上水蒸气重整制氢的研究

通过催化剂性能评价,考察了助剂CeO2、CaO和La2O3对催化剂Ni/γ-Al2 O3催化性能的影响,发现Ni/γ-Al2O3经3种助剂修饰后催化剂活性都明显提高,其中La2O3修饰后的催化剂活性最高,甘油转化率在450～650℃内一直保持100％;氢气选择性在450℃时即达到85％,而且随着温度升高逐渐变大并趋于平稳,最高时可达到92.37％.同时考察了温度、甘油溶液浓度、空速对甘油水蒸气重整制氢反应的影响.运用NH3-TPD和TPR对催化剂进行了表征,发现助剂的添加降低了催化剂的酸性,经改性后催化剂中NiAl2 O4相含量明显降低;催化剂中加入La2O3降低了Ni与Al2O3载体之间的相互作用,因此有利于甘油水蒸气重整制氢反应.     

Ni-Fe/BaTiO3-γ-Al2O3催化剂在低温条件下CO2和CH4重整中的应用

采用等体积浸渍法制备了一系列不同Ni和Fe添加量的Ni-Fe/BaTiO3/γ-Al2O3双金属催化剂,并在固定床反应装置上考察了在873～1 073 K温度范围内催化剂对CO2和CH4重整反应的催化活性。实验结果表明:Ni、Fe负载质量分数均为5.0%的Ni-Fe/BaTiO3/γ-Al2O3催化剂活性最好。通过TPR、TPD和TPO表征并与单金属催化剂Ni/BaTiO3/γ-Al2O3相比,Ni-Fe/BaTiO3/γ-Al2O3催化剂具有更高的催化活性、脱附和抗积炭性能。     

CH_4/CO_2重整反应中NiO-Ce_xZr_(1-x)O_2/Al_2O_3催化剂的研究

通过共沉淀法制备了一系列CexZr1-xO2的介孔材料,采取浸渍法负载10 wt%Ni O/γ-Al2O3,得到不同组成的Ni O-CexZr1-xO2/Al2O3(x=0,0.25,0.5,0.75,1)催化剂。对所得催化剂进行BET、XRD表征分析,同时考察了在相同条件下CH4/CO2重整反应中的催化性能。结果表明:Ni O-Ce0.75Zr0.25O2/Al2O3催化剂有较好的稳定性和抗积炭性,CH4、CO2转化率和H2收率分别可达85.5%、86.4%和93.8%;碱金属助剂有大的比表面积,可使活性组分Ni O充分分散,且随着Ce O2含量增加分散度也提高,使得催化剂抗积炭性能增强,催化活性提高。     

负载型Ni-B/γ-Al_2O_3非晶态合金催化剂苯加氢性能

采用化学还原法制备了负载型Ni-B/γ-Al2O3非晶态合金催化剂,并对催化剂进行了X射线衍射(XRD)、比表面积检测(BET)、程序升温还原(TPR)表征。以苯加氢为探针反应,在高压微反装置上考察了活化温度、Ni-B摩尔比、Ni质量分数等制备条件对催化剂加氢性能的影响。实验结果表明,Ni-B以非晶态的形式负载在γ-Al2O3载体上,最佳活化温度为200—260℃,Ni-B/γ-Al2O3非晶态合金催化剂最佳Ni-B摩尔比为1∶3.4;Ni质量分数增加使催化剂的加氢活性提高。在反应压力0.5 MPa、氢苯摩尔比4,空速1.0 h-1的条件下,反应温度高于160℃时,苯加氢制环己烷产率均为100%。     

CTO-1型脱氧催化剂的开发

目前，国内外报道的合成气（CO、H2）脱氧催化剂有MoS—CoS／Al2O3、Cu／Al2O3、Pd（Pt）／Al2O3、活性炭、Cu—Fe／C等。但在高浓度CO气氛中，贵金属催化剂易形成M（Coh羰基化物，而非贵金属则需要较高的反应温度，温度高CO易发生歧化反应。杨学仁等指出以活性炭载铜系3093催化剂可在高CO气体中脱氧，活性温度约160℃；山西煤炭化学所的任杰等开发了一种用于高浓度CO合成气脱氧的JHO-2型脱氧催化剂，该催化剂的使用温度为100℃。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.