SDN控制器部署中的可靠性优化研究

软件定义网络(SDN)将传统网络结构中的控制层和转发层解耦,其将所有转发设备与一个逻辑集中的控制器相连接。为避免网络规模不断扩大引起的单点失效,向分布式控制结构发展成为Open Flow广域网部署的趋势,其中控制层多控制器的部署问题是SDN设计中的一个关键环节。提出基于控制路径连通度的控制器部署方案来最大化SDN控制器部署的可靠性,并使用3种不同的算法对比控制器部署性能。仿真结果表明,该方案可以在可接受时延范围内提升部署SDN控制器的可靠性。     

基于软件定义网络的边缘控制部署机制

针对软件定义网络（software-defined Networking,SDN）中单一控制器容易发生过载导致较长时延的问题,提出一种基于SDN的边缘控制模型,该模型采取分层部署方式将边缘计算集成到SDN中,每个边缘控制器控制其覆盖范围内部署的所有子边缘控制器和交换机,负责区域内网络设备的通信量。为了方便管理边缘控制器之间的交互,该模型引入一个控制器代理模块,将设备请求转发给父控制器或将路由信息发送给子控制器来协调控制器之间的工作。实验结果表明,与基于SDN的传统网络相比,该方法依托部署在网络设备边缘的计算和存储服务,减轻了SDN主控制器上的负载,降低了转发平面和控制平面之间的延时,显著地改善了总处理延时和带宽使用情况。     

针对大规模软件定义网络的子域划分及控制器部署方法

针对大规模软件定义网络（SDN）的多控制器部署模型计算复杂度高的问题,定义了控制链路可靠性等多个衡量网络服务质量的指标,并提出一种针对大规模SDN的子域划分及控制器部署方法。首先,该方法利用改进的标签传播算法（LPA）将网络划分成多个子域,然后在子域中分别部署控制器。在考虑控制链路平均时延、可靠性以及控制器负载均衡等多个性能指标的基础上,将问题模型的计算复杂度降低至仅与网络规模呈线性关系。实验结果表明,所提算法与原始的LPA相比,控制器负载均衡性得到明显优化;与容量受限的控制器部署（CCP）算法相比,模型的计算复杂度和网络服务质量得到明显改善：在Internet2拓扑中,控制链路平均时延最多减小9%,控制链路可靠性最多增强10%。     

基于SDN的WLAN负载感知切换方案实现

基于软件定义网络将网络的控制平面与转发平面分离,并提供开放的可编程接口等特点,提出一种基于SDN的AP负载感知的切换算法,以减少网络中频繁切换并使AP间负载相对均衡。该方法利用SDN集中控制功能,实时监控AP的网络状态信息,并由控制器判断AP负载状态和预测终端运动状态来辅助切换过程。实验结果表明,该切换方法可以减少切换次数和平衡AP间的负载,保证用户网络服务质量。     

基于聚类优化的SDN多域自适应管理方法

针对软件定义网络(SDN)多域网络中存在子域规划及控制器部署不合理的问题,提出一种新的SDN多域自适应管理方法。基于改进的节点聚类思想,设计SDN子域划分优化算法,依据网络中的吸引度和归属度对节点进行聚类,完成子域规划。面向子域中不同网络代价,给出控制器自适应部署算法,并通过代价加权求和得到子域网络总开销,完成控制器部署。仿真结果表明,与控制器自适应部署算法、负载均衡算法等相比,该方法网络子域划分和控制器部署更加合理,可节约23%的备份控制器空间,改善网络的综合性能。     

SDN多控制器共识机制研究综述

【背景】伴随着区块链逐渐应用于新一代互联网络的域名、路由、公钥等基础设施,其重要性日益彰显。作为区块链以及整个分布式系统领域的核心技术,共识机制直接影响着区块链的处理能力、可扩展性及安全性,也影响着其在互联网基础设施中的根基。【目的】对软件定义网络SDN(Software Defined Network)中用于实现多控制器之间数据共享的共识机制设计进行综述,分析当前设计中存在的问题并提出解决方案,为相关研究工作提供参考。【方法】本文首先对共识机制的研究现状进行了概述,然后重点对SDN多控制器共识机制设计的研究现状进行了综述,对其中存在的问题进行了分析,并基于区块链技术提出了解决方案,介绍了当前将区块链技术应用于SDN网络的研究现状。【结果】当前SDN多控制器共识机制在实际部署中多采用以Raft为代表的宕机容错类共识机制,无法应对控制器或交换机等恶意行为,现有研究尝试引入拜占庭容错类共识解决该问题,并针对共识机制在SDN网络中的应用进行自适应设计以提高系统运行性能,但当前的SDN控制层中的用于实现控制器间数据共享的共识机制设计仍存在着共识网络部署不灵活、控制器运行共识机制带来巨大开销方面的问题。【结论】本文提出的基于区块链的控制器层数据共享第三方服务具有安全、可信、部署灵活等方面的优势,可为上述问题提供解决方案。本文提出的基于区块链的SDN网络可信基础设施作为数据共享服务的扩展架构,可为SDN提供多种安全可信服务。     

软件定义网络可信连接设计与实现

软件定义网络（software defined networking,SDN）将控制层和数据转发层分离,由控制层对数据转发层进行统一管理。目前控制层及数据转发层设备间完整性认证机制尚不完善,若平台完整性损坏的设备接入网络,会给整个SDN网络带来严重的安全问题。为确保双方设备在完整可信的前提下建立连接,进而在源头上保障设备安全、网络可信,提出了一种新的SDN可信连接方案。该方案以可信网络远程设备认证技术为基础,利用可信平台模块作为可信支撑,在SDN数据转发设备与控制器的连接过程中添加完整性认证环节。测试分析表明,该方案有效可行,符合实际应用。     

基于图非均衡划分的软件定义网络异构控制器负载优化部署

大规模软件定义网络(SDN)往往需要逻辑上集中的控制器在物理上分布式部署。针对控制器部署中控制器负载不均衡的问题,提出一种基于图非均衡划分的SDN异构控制器负载优化部署方法。首先,分析控制器部署要求以及部署带来的控制器负载均衡和时延问题;其次,利用图论和余弦相似度,量化描述和计算异构控制器情况下的控制器负载均衡和时延,并运用图划分理论将控制器负载优化部署问题转化为一个具体的图划分问题;最后,基于多级划分的图划分思想,提出控制器负载优化部署方法。对实际网络拓扑的模拟实验结果表明,提出的部署方法可以有效实现接近最优的控制器负载分布。     

面向协议无感知转发技术的SDN试验床

基于OpenFlow的软件定义网络(SDN)中的转发设备不便于支持新协议的转发,因此协议无感知转发(Protocol Oblivious Forwarding,POF)技术被提出.本文基于POF技术和OpenFlow控制器POX,设计并实现了一种支持POF技术的SDN控制器,POF控制器可以充分利用POF转发设备并且体现了SDN的可编程性.同时,我们基于POF控制器搭建了POF试验床,实验结果表明POF控制器能够有效地管理POF网络,并提供高效的控制功能.     

基于近邻情景认知的软件定义网络多域协同控制机制

针对软件定义网络（software-defined networking,SDN）分布式多控制器部署中存在的控制器负载不均衡问题,提出了一种基于近邻情景认知的多域协同控制机制。首先,通过改进现有的近邻传播（affinity propagation,AP）聚类算法,以跳数为原则,对网络中节点进行聚类操作,形成SDN子域并在聚类中心部署控制器;然后基于控制器 —交换机之间的协同映射对网络连接关系进行优化,以增强网络的稳定性。仿真表明,相比其他方法,该机制能够实现网络区域的合理划分,控制器负载均衡率至少提高了26.7%。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。