基于孔隙压力黏结单元的准脆性材料水力劈裂模拟

传统数值方法对水力劈裂的模拟一般采用预设裂缝扩展路径,且将水流作用等效为压力荷载,难以反映裂缝渗流-开裂耦合效应. 采用自编程Python脚本程序批量插入孔隙压力黏结单元,考虑裂缝渗流-开裂耦合作用模拟准脆性材料水力劈裂随机扩展全过程. 在对经典理论模型及试验结果模拟验证的基础上,开展含多裂缝均质模型的水力劈裂全过程分析,并进一步建立混凝土细观尺度水力劈裂模型,分析骨料、界面过渡区和基体渗透性对混凝土劈裂全过程的影响. 结果表明,本研究模型可以有效模拟准脆性材料水力劈裂失效过程,准脆性材料多缝开裂过程伴随微裂缝的分叉扩展而非光滑的裂缝扩展路径,骨料及界面过渡区影响劈裂扩展路径造成裂缝分叉出现,混凝土基体的渗透性对其抵抗水力劈裂不利并影响失效软化过程.     

基于预插黏性界面单元的混凝土细观拉伸断裂过程数值模拟

为确定预插黏性界面单元法模拟混凝土细观拉伸断裂的有效性和适用性,基于黏性裂缝模型理论,在实体单元中嵌入黏性界面单元(cohesive interface elements),对东江拱坝二级配混凝土试件单轴受拉的断裂过程进行数值模拟.按照试件的实际配比计算出各种粒径骨料的数目,采用Monte-Carlo法对混凝土骨料进行随机投放,生成试件的随机骨料模型,研究黏性界面单元的网格密度、骨料随机分布形式及界面单元的断裂参数对混凝土宏观力学性能及断裂模式的影响.结果表明:采用黏性界面单元可有效地模拟混凝土材料细观断裂破坏过程和宏观力学性能.     

Statistical damage model for quasi-brittle materials under uniaxial tension

Based on the parallel bar system, combining with the synergetic method, the catastrophe theory and the acoustic emission test, a new motivated statistical damage model for quasi-brittle solid was developed. Taking concrete for instances, the rationality and the flexibility of this model and its parameters-determining method were identified by the comparative analyses between theoretical and experimental curves. The results show that the model can simulate the whole damage and fracture process in the fracture process zone of material when the materials are exposed to quasi-static uniaxial tensile traction. The influence of the mesoscopic damage mechanism on the macroscopic mechanical properties of quasi-brittle materials is summarized into two aspects, rupture damage and yield damage. The whole damage course is divided into the statistical even damage phase and the local breach phase, corresponding to the two stages described by the catastrophe theory. The two characteristic states, the peak nominal stress state and the critical state are distinguished, and the critical state plays a key role during the whole damage evolution course. Foundation item: Projects(90510018, 50679006) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China; Project(NCET-05-0413) support by the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University     

Delamination analysis of woven fabrication laminates using cohesive zone model

A new test method was proposed to evaluate the cohesive strength of composite laminates. Cohesive strength and the critical strain energy for Mode-II interlamiar fracture of E-glass/epoxy woven fabrication were determined from the single lap joint(SLJ) and end notch flexure(ENF) test, respectively. In order to verify their adequacy, a cohesive zone model simulation based on interface finite elements was performed. A closed form solution for determination of the penalty stiffness parameter was proposed. Modified form of Park-Paulino-Roesler traction-separation law was provided and conducted altogether with trapezoidal and bilinear mixed-mode damage models to simulate damage using Abaqus cohesive elements. It was observed that accurate damage prediction and numerical convergence were obtained using the proposed penalty stiffness. Comparison between three damage models reveals that good simulation of fracture process zone and delamination prediction were obtained using the modified PPR model as damage model. Cohesive zone length as a material property was determined. To ensure the sufficient dissipation of energy, it was recommended that at least 4 elements should span cohesive zone length.     

复合材料层合板低速冲击后剩余压缩强度研究

应用有限元显式算法计算层合板冲击后压缩强度(CAI值)。建立实体单元与cohesive界面单元相结合的层合板有限元分析模型。首先进行层合板受离面低速冲击中损伤过程的数值模拟,再以该步分析结果(损伤状态)作为初始损伤,进行面内压缩下层合板破坏过程数值模拟。从而实现了层合板从冲击损伤到冲击后压缩破坏的全过程分析。模型应用面内和层间损伤逐渐累积的算法。通过不同加载速率下的分析,考察了显式算法在准静态CAI计算中的可用性。冲击损伤特征、冲击后压缩破坏特征及CAI的计算值与试验结果有良好的一致性,表明文中所采用的模型、算法与损伤处理方法是合理的。     

基于预插粘性界面单元的全级配混凝土梁弯拉破坏模拟

为确定预插粘性界面单元法模拟全级配混凝土梁在弯拉荷载作用下断裂破坏过程的有效性和适用性,基于粘结裂缝模型的基本原理,在混凝土梁的中心区域采用Monte—Carlo法生成随机骨料模型,通过自编程序实现了砂浆单元间和界面处粘性界面单元的预插,对全级配细观混凝土梁的弯拉断裂破坏过程进行数值模拟,模拟结果与相关文献结果吻合良好。研究结果表明：预插粘性界面单元法能够有效地模拟细观混凝土材料的弯拉断裂破坏过程和宏观力学特性。     

一种半耦合韧性断裂准则及其在TRIP780中的应用

为研究高强钢板材在冷成形下的损伤演化与韧性断裂行为,将DF2012韧性断裂准则修正为初始损伤判据,同时参考连续损伤力学理论引入损伤变量D以衡量材料的累积损伤,并将其耦合到塑性模型中,构建了一种半耦合韧性断裂准则。以TRIP780高强钢板为研究对象,针对不同应力状态设计了6种形状的试样,借助电阻损伤测量法与DIC数字图像法进行了力学性能试验并测定初始损伤位移。采用非相关流动准则(NAFR)的Drucker各向异性屈服函数和Swift-Voce硬化模型准确描述了材料的塑性变形过程,然后分别利用试验模拟混合法和逆向工程法对初始损伤模型和损伤演化参数进行了标定。使用Fortran语言将构建的本构模型与损伤演化模型编译为VUMAT子程序并嵌入ABAQUS/Explicit模块中进行断裂模拟预测,并与未耦合损伤模型进行比较。结果表明：构建的半耦合韧性断裂准则能够准确描述TRIP780板材在不同应力状态下变形后期的损伤诱导软化行为,预测的断裂位移最大相对误差仅为1.31%。相较于常用的非耦合断裂模型,所提模型针对具有软化效应的高强钢表现出明显的优越性,适合用于高强钢板冷冲压成形的破裂预测中。     

Virtual multi-dimensional internal bonds model and its application in simulation of rock mass

VMIB (virtual multi-dimensional internal bonds) is a multiscale mechanical model developed from the VIB (virtual internal bond) theory. In VIB theory, the solid material is considered to consist of random-distributed material particles in microscale. These particles are connected with normal bonds. The macro constitutive relation is derived from the cohesive law between particles. However, in VMIB, the micro particles are connected with both normal and shear bonds. The macro constitutive relation is derived in terms of bond stiffness coefficients. It has been theoretically certified that there exists a corresponding relationship between the two bond stiffness coefficients and the two macro material constants, i.e. the Young's modulus and Poisson ratio. This corresponding relationship suggests that it should be necessary and sufficient to simultaneously account for the normal and shear interactions between particles. Due to the fact that the fracture criterion is directly incorporated into the constitutive relation, both VIB and VMIB present many advantages in simulating fractures of materials. In the damage model of rock mass, a damage tensor is usually defined to describe the distribution of cracks. The damage value in one direction determines the relative stiffness of rock mass in this direction. In VMIB solid, the relative distribution density of micro bonds in one direction determines the relative macro stiffness of the material in this direction. The effects of the damage value and the relative distribution density of bonds are consistent. To simulate the failure behavior of rock mass with VMIB, the presented paper sets up a quantitative relationship between the damage tensor and the relative distribution density of bonds. Comparison of the theoretical and the experimental results shows that VMIB model can represent the effect of distributed cracks on rock mass with this relationship. The presented work provides a foundation for further simulating fracture behavior of rock mass with VMIB model, and an alternative approach for modeling other multi-cracked body. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50609013)     

基于XFEM的混凝土三点弯曲梁开裂数值模拟研究

扩展有限元法通过在相关节点的影响域上富集非连续位移模式,使对非连续位移场的表征独立于单元边界.采用扩展有限元法对单边切口混凝土三点弯曲梁进行数值模拟,混凝土采用最大主拉应力牵引损伤开裂准则和线性软化损伤模型,并将结果与试验进行对比,验证模型有效性.结果表明,扩展有限元法模拟值与试验值在起裂韧度、失稳韧度等方面存在差异,但总体相差不大.分析认为存在的差异主要是由于混凝土梁自重、支座摩擦力等原因造成,扩展有限元可有效模拟混凝土梁在含有初始裂缝情况下从加载到失稳破坏的全过程,获得裂纹萌生、扩展的过程及破坏形态.     

裂纹起裂角预测方法研究

本文提出一个新的屈服准则,该屈服准则适用于岩石类材料的小范围屈服,旨在预测弹塑性材料的破坏行为,基于该屈服准则,推导出了I型,II型以及I-II混合型裂纹尖端塑性区半径并对在单轴拉伸和纯剪切等荷载作用下的裂纹尖端塑性区进行了分析。结果显示,荷载加载方式、裂纹倾斜角和材料内摩擦角对塑性区的形状与大小有显著影响。根据对裂纹尖端塑性区的分析,基于如下假设：裂纹沿塑性区最短路径扩展,本文在提出的屈服准则的基础上导出了新的断裂准则,该准则可预测裂纹开裂初始角。相较于其他断裂准则,文献实验结果与本文提出的准则吻合地更好,能更加精确的预测裂纹的起裂角。     

双材料参数对界面端应力场分布规律的影响

利用反平面平板搭接界面端应力奇异性指数和应力场的理论公式,通过不同材料参数的组合和不同角度的变化,研究了正交异性双材料以及一种各向同性和一种正交异性双材料两种不同的结合材料反平面界面端应力奇异性和应力分布,得到了两种不同结合材料的应力分布规律和反平面平板搭接界面端断裂判据的初步理论。结果表明,随着Γ和θ的变化,不同结合材料界面端应力会呈现出不同的规律,这些规律可以作为在双材料界面端裂纹断裂准则或其它工程应用方面的依据。     

Determination of fatigue cracking direction in composite laminates

The interface plays the central role in the failure analysis of composite laminates, therefore, the interface material properties are taken as the independent parameters. A simple, universal and practicable criterion, i.e. a ratio criterion of strain energy release rate, is proposed to determine the growing direction of a fatigue crack in the composite laminates. The method of arbitrary lines, which is very effective to solve the problems with high gradient feature, is used to analyze the experimental results at the key moments when a crack kinks, turns into the interface, or bifurcates. An approximate method of computing the energy release rate is given. The fatigue fracture tests of composite laminates are carried out, and the numerical predictions of crack growing directions agree well with the experimental results. It is concluded that the methods suggested in this paper are effective to obtain the cracking history and the growing path of a fatigue crack in composite laminates.     

脆性材料断裂韧性的单一尺寸试件测定方法

脆性或准脆性材料(混凝土,陶瓷,大理石,岩石等)的断裂韧性随试件的大小而改变,具有明显的尺 寸效应．通常情况下描述材料尺寸效应的Bazant尺寸效应律是建立在一系列相似试件的基础上通过实验方 法确定的．提出了一种新的用单一试件测定断裂韧性的实验方法和计算公式,即采用含不同裂缝长度的单一 尺寸试件测定材料的断裂韧性与相似试件测定方法相比,测定结果吻合很好,该方法具有很强的实用性、便 于在实验室环境下用小试件测量,计算方法也很简便．     

强化有限元剪力连接件的拔出数值模拟

剪力连接件的拔出过程伴随着混凝土的拉裂与扩展,为了准确模拟拔出过程中的非连续变形及剪力连接件抗拔承载力,本文采用基于强化有限元的无厚度CZM单元,以粘聚区域模型描述剪力连接件拔出过程裂纹的开裂与扩展。然后建立了剪力连接件拔出数值分析模型,对拔出过程连续－非连续变形进行模拟,得到了拔出过程的荷载位移曲线,剪力连接件的抗拔承载力以及拔出过程裂纹扩展形态。本文方法可以实现拔出过程混凝土裂纹起裂扩展的非连续变形的数值模拟。     

注水压裂条件下软煤裂隙损伤与煤层气渗透耦合特征

针对豫西"三软"煤层的低渗性与流变性,探讨了复杂地质条件下主采二1煤层生、储气层的变形特征.基于ABAQUS平台进行软件二次开发,讨论了注水压裂条件下二1煤裂隙的应力与损伤特性;利用T-P损伤演化准则的Cohesive单元,揭示了软煤裂隙的张裂宽度与延伸距离之间的近似线性关系.模拟结果表明,注水压力条件下,软煤裂隙的应力与损伤演化是一个随时间逐渐发展的过程,在5~10 MPa静荷载作用下,注水1~2 h,软煤裂隙的损伤范围约为80~100 m,从而大幅度地改善了"三软"煤层低渗性能.     

内聚力模型在裂纹萌生及扩展中的应用

断裂及开裂是工程中严重的结构失效形式.结合传统断裂力学中应力强度因子K以及J积分,综述了内聚力模型基本思想及发展,分析了典型的内聚力模型及模型应用的局限性,总结了不同内聚力模型在有限元中的实现形式,概述了国内外学者关于内聚力模型解决不同材料裂纹萌生与扩展的研究状况,得出了内聚力模型可以用以研究裂纹尖端塑性变形、静力和疲劳载荷条件下的蠕变开裂,以及金属、岩土材料及混凝土、复合材料及纳米晶材料裂纹萌生与裂纹扩展的结论.     

考虑粗糙度的黏性土-结构接触面力学特性试验

目前土与结构接触面的粗糙度定义未达成统一认识,不利于量化分析粗糙度对结构接触面力学性质的影响。同时,粗糙度对粘性土与结构接触面相互作用影响的研究也有待深入。为此,基于对灌砂法的修正,提出了一种测定土-结构接触面粗糙度的方法。针对试验自制的混凝土试块的半圆凹槽状粗糙表面和其他学者设计的齿形粗糙表面,使用修正后的灌砂法、常规灌砂法和试验常用的峰谷距测定法测定它们的粗糙度,并进行对比。利用大型直剪试验仪对红粘土-混凝土试块接触面进行了直剪试验,定量分析了粗糙度对接触面剪切破坏、变形等的影响,并探讨了粗糙度的影响机理。研究成果表明：针对接触面粗糙度的测定,修正后的灌砂法比常规灌砂法或峰谷距测定法都有效。接触面剪切破坏满足摩尔-库伦剪切破坏准则。粗糙度对接触面摩擦角影响不大。接触面抗剪强度和粘聚力的增长速率随粗糙度的增大而降低。随着粗糙度的增大,接触面粘聚力增大且逐渐趋近红粘土的粘聚力,此时剪切破坏可能发生在接触面上或接触面附近土体内。随着法向应力的增大,临界粗糙度减小且粗糙度对接触面抗剪强度的影响降低。粗糙度较小时,接触面剪切破坏后出现较为明显的应力跌落现象。     

混凝土结构破坏过程的离散单元法模拟

介绍了适于混凝土材料的离散单元模型的破坏准则、计算方程以及弹簧系数等计算参数的确定方法.对在强制位移作用下的混凝土板变形及破坏过程进行了数值模拟和动画显示,并对钢筋混凝土梁在不同剪跨比情况下的破坏形态进行了模拟分析.算例与分析结果表明,离散单元法是模拟混凝土结构破坏的一种有效分析方法.     

Analysis of pre-crack kinking and delamination in terms of SLB test of honeycomb sandwich structure

The flatwise tension(FWT) and single leg bending(SLB) tests were used to investigate the fracture behavior of honeycomb sandwich specimens.In the FWT test,only the interlaminar delamination was observed.The test results show that the interfacial peel strength is higher than the interlaminar peel strength.In terms of SLB experiment,a new fracture mode was found,namely IKP(initiation of interlaminar delamination,kinking into facesheet and propagation of interlaminar delamination).The virtual crack closure technique was applied to separate the values of Mode I and Mode II components of the strain energy release rate in SLB experiment.The finite element analysis result shows that the Mode I strain energy release rate is higher than the Mode II strain energy release rate.To simulate the failure of SLB test of honeycomb sandwich specimens,a new computational model based on the Tsai-Hill failure criterion and the cohesive zone model is proposed.In comparison with experimental results,it can be concluded that the computational model can validly simulate the IKP of a honeycomb sandwich structures with reasonable accuracy.