利用胶质气体泡沫气浮Cu(Ⅱ)

引　言Ｓｅｂｂａ[1,2 ] 曾报道 ,表面活性剂水溶液在高速搅拌 (>50 0 0ｒ·ｍｉｎ- 1)下混合会生成直径为 10～ 10 0μｍ的微泡沫 (ｍｉｃｒｏｆｏａｍｓ) ,这些微泡沫由气体内核和一层薄皂膜组成 ,称为胶质气体泡沫 (ｃｏｌｌｏｉｄａｌｇａｓａｐｈｒｏｎｓ ,简称ＣＧＡ) .ＣＧＡ的气含率在 6 0 %～70 %之间 .ＣＧＡ不同于传统意义上的泡沫 ,具有胶体的性质 ,且可以用泵输送到设备中去 ,因此可以利用ＣＧＡ进行气浮分离 .近年来 ,许多研究者对ＣＧＡ的气浮分离开展了研究工作 .Ｊａｕｒｅｇｉ和Ｖａｒｌｅｙ[3] 以及Ｎｏｂｌｅ和Ｖａｒｌ…     

UV/H2O2系统光催化氧化降解苯酚废水

引　言利用催化降解技术或光化学方法氧化降解污染物的过程通常称为高级氧化过程ＡＯＰ(ＡｄｖａｎｃｅｄＯｘｉｄａｔｉｏｎＰｒｏｃｅｓｓ) ,高级氧化过程包括 :紫外光(ＵＶ) /过氧化氢 (Ｈ2 Ｏ2 )系统、臭氧 (Ｏ3) /ＵＶ系统和Ｈ2 Ｏ2 /Ｏ3系统 ,以及Ｆｅｎｔｏｎ(Ｆｅ2 +/Ｈ2 Ｏ2 )试剂处理和ＴｉＯ2 /ＵＶ降解技术等 .ＡＯＰ是通过有机物的光解或与在催化作用下产生的自由基反应生成有机自由基 ,这些有机自由基与溶解氧进一步形成过氧化自由基和过氧化物 ,引发整个降解过程的进行 ,最后使有机物完全降解[1] .ＡＯＰ也通常被认为是一种…     

CO2在仿生物型吸收剂和其他吸收剂中的溶解度

引　言本文提出一种仿生物型ＣＯ2 吸收方法 ,试以生物体内控制呼吸作用的呼吸酶中的关键核心基团为基础 ,合成出的物质作为ＣＯ2 吸收剂 ,通过测定ＣＯ2 在包括仿生物型吸收剂在内的几种典型吸收剂中的溶解度 ,说明仿生物型ＣＯ2 吸收剂的热力学特性及其潜在的工业应用前景 .1　原　理ＣＯ2 在物理溶解时气液平衡符合Ｈｅｎｒｙ定律ＰＡ =ＨＡｃＡ (1)　　伴有化学反应的吸收[1] 较为复杂 ,其气液平衡关系既服从相平衡关系 ,又要服从化学平衡关系 .但总的来说 ,都可以表示为ＣＯ2 (Ａ)与吸收剂中活性组分Ｂ之间的作用ＣＯ2 +Ｂ ＣＯ2 ·Ｂ …     

碳酸化法制备α-Al(OH)_3包覆CaCO_3复合晶须

引　言作为无机填料 ,ＣａＣＯ3和Ａｌ(ＯＨ) 3被广泛应用于聚合物基复合材料 .这对增大各种合成塑料、橡胶、纤维等聚合物材料的强度和阻燃特性是不可缺少的 .如果能将文石型ＣａＣＯ3晶须与Ａｌ(ＯＨ) 3晶体有机地结合起来 ,则复合晶须不仅保持了ＣａＣＯ3晶须的特点 ,又具有Ａｌ(ＯＨ) 3的阻燃特性 ,必将大大提高复合材料的性能、扩大应用领域[1] .1　Ａｌ(ＯＨ) 3包覆ＣａＣＯ3复合晶须的制备把ＣａＣＯ3晶须和Ａｌ(ＯＨ) 3两次碳酸化结合在一起 ,采用一次合成法[2 ] .将化学计量比为 3∶2的Ｃａ(ＯＨ) 2 、ＮａＡｌＯ2 溶于水 ,混合后…     

近年来开发的农药新品种

介绍世界上主要一些公司开发的并已经商品化的化学农药 (时间限于 1997年以后 ) ,为叙述方便按公司字母顺序介绍。(一 )Ａｂｂｏｔｔ1　植物生长调节剂Ｈ2 ＮＯＮＨ2ＣＯ2 Ｈ通用名　ａｍｉｎｏｅｔｈｏｘｙｖｉｎｙｌｇｌｙｃｉｎｅ商品名　ＡＶＧ ,Ｒｅｔａｉｎ氨基乙氧乙烯基甘氨酸ＡＶＧ ,Ｒｅｔａｉｎ是一种植物生长调节剂 ,防止苹果等落花、落果 ,并延长贮藏时间。 1998年进入市场。(二 )Ａｖｅｎｔｉｓ2　除草剂ＯＣ2 Ｈ5ＯＳＯ2 ＮＨＣＯＮＨ ＮＮＯＣＨ3ＯＣＨ3通用名　ｅｔｈｏｘｙｓｕｌｆｕｒｏｎ ,Ｈｏｅ - 0 95 4 0 4商品名　…     

国际水会议(IWC)论文摘要

用于脱盐预处理的过滤方案———ＤＡＶＩＤＡ .ＣＬＩＮＥ ,ＪＲ .ＩＷＣ -2 0 0 0 - 5 4　　膜脱盐系统和较易污染的离子交换设备 (压实床和浅床 )都要求适当的预处理 ,如此才能实现对现代脱盐系统的要求 ,各种形式的过滤是最常用的预处理方法。一直以来 ,过滤过程都被放在离子交换和反渗透设备的前面。随着处理要求越来越严格 ,各种先进的过滤系统 (如微滤和超滤 )也相继采用。作者讨论了在脱盐系统的预处理中颗粒介质过滤设计依据及其在脱盐系统中的作用。讨论只限于压滤方案。为了去除微细颗粒物和其他不能用颗粒介质过滤去除的污染物 …     

新型CO_2分离膜的气体吸着性能

引　言石油气和天然气中含有的大量ＣＯ2 直接影响以这些气体为原料的产品质量 ,并对管线和设备造成腐蚀 .同时 ,由于ＣＯ2 等气体导致的温室效应已引起严重后果 .因此 ,如何分离或脱除ＣＯ2 成为人们的研究热点 .采用膜技术分离气体由于具有节约能源、操作简便等优点已得到了很大的发展[1～ 3] .最初用于气体分离的主要膜材料多为普通高分子聚合物 ,如醋酸纤维素、聚酰亚胺等 .至今这些膜材料仍在不断的开发和应用 .但由于Ｒｏｂｅｓｏｎ上限[4 ] 的存在 ,使其很难同时具有高选择性和高透过率 ,研制新型膜材料是解决此问题的一个重要途径 .…     

新的N-甲酰吗啉UNIFAC基团相互作用参数

引　言目前国内外应用Ｎ 甲酰吗啉 (ＮＦＭ )溶剂回收苯产品的工业化装置已有数十套[1] .由于烃类与溶剂间的沸点差大 ,故含ＮＦＭ的ＶＬＥ数据罕见报道 .用ＵＮＩＦＡＣ法预测含ＮＦＭ体系ＶＬＥ数据的文献报道有 3种 :一是采用Ｔｉｅｇｓ等[2 ] 的基团参数表将ＮＦＭ划分为 1     

乙醇胺吸收CO2动力学研究

1　引言乙醇胺 (ＭＥＡ)吸收ＣＯ2 具有吸收速度快 ,吸收容量大 ,成本低 ,易解吸等特点 ,已成为工业上吸收ＣＯ2 常用的吸收剂。本文利用ｐＨ值法进行ＭＥＡ吸收ＣＯ2 动力学研究。该方法具有测量速度快 ,操作方便 ,可连续记录等特点。2　理论依据乙醇胺水溶液与ＣＯ2 之间的总反应式为[1 ] :ＣＯ2 2ＲＮＨ2 Ｈ2 Ｏ→ＲＮＣＯ2 ＲＮＨ 3 ＯＨ - ( 1 )所以 ,测定溶液中ｐＨ值的变化 ,即可观察ＭＥＡ的消耗量。根据化学反应速率方程 :ｒ=-ｄＣＭＥＡ/ｄｔ=ｋ′ＣａＭＥＡＣｂＣＯ2 ( 2 )实验时不断通入ＣＯ2 气体于反应器中 ,所以ＣＯ2 …     

国际水会议(IWC)论文摘要

如何将悬浮固体控制在离子交换树脂 (ＩＥＲ)压实床系统内———ＫＡＩ ＵＷＥＨＯＥＨＮ ,等 ＩＷＣ - 2 0 0 0 - 4 2　　近 10年来 ,欧美许多国家和地区在其脱盐装置中出现了使用逆流压实床系统。但人们担心这种系统对悬浮固体的控制敏感 ,特别是对颗粒的过滤能力不高。本文旨在回答这种系统周期性出现的上述敏感性问题 ,以及在过量的悬浮固体过滤条件下如何保持系统的高可靠性和高性能问题。蒸汽冷凝液的生物预处理———Ｐ .ＴＥＭＰＬＥＢＡＬＬＡＲＤ ,等 .ＩＷＣ - 2 0 0 0 - 4 4　　电厂的水处理对于开发者十分关键 ,特别是在水源…     

Biofiltration of toluene in the absence and the presence of ethyl acetate under continuous and intermittent loading

BACKGROUND: Two peat biofilters were used for the removal of toluene from air for one year. One biofilter was fed with pure toluene and the other received 1:1 (by weight) ethyl acetate:toluene mixture. RESULTS: The biofilters were operated under continuous loading: the toluene inlet load (IL) at which 80% removal occurred was 116 g m^?3 h^?1 at 57 s gas residence time. Maximum elimination capacity of 360 g m^?3 h^?1 was obtained at an IL of 745 g m^?3 h^?1. The elimination of toluene was inhibited by the presence of ethyl acetate. Intermittent loading, with pollutants supplied for 16 h/day, 5 days/week, did not significantly affect the removal efficiency (RE). Biomass was fully activated in 2 h after night closures, but 6 h were required to recover RE after weekend closures. Live cell density remained relatively constant over the operational period, while the dead cell fraction increased. Finally, a 15 day starvation period was applied and operation then re‐started. Performance was restored with similar re‐acclimatization period to that after weekend closures, and a reduction in dead cell fraction was observed. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates the capacity of the system to handle intermittent loading conditions that are common in industrial practices, including long‐term starvation. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

生物过滤法处理炼油污水厂恶臭废气

为了考察生物过滤法处理炼油污水厂恶臭气体的可行性，本试验采用两个串联的填充堆肥、树皮和火山岩混合物的三段式生物过滤反应器连续处理某炼油污水厂浮选池的恶臭废气。考察了主要污染物的去除、冲击负荷影响和填料中营养物质的变化。试验结果表明：空床停留时间66 s时, 非甲烷总烃、苯、甲苯及二甲苯的进口浓度范围分别为5. 1～1081. 8、0. 1～328. 8、0. 2～91. 8、0. 2～48. 2 mg·m-3时，平均去除率分别为79. 7%、98. 9%、98. 8%、99. 6%；对废气浓度变化的适应性好；反应器的渗沥液应通过喷淋返回填料层。应用该生物过滤器能成功地去除炼油污水厂浮选池排放的恶臭废气。     

Design and performance of biofilters for the removal of alkylbenzene vapors

Three identical biofilters, run under the same conditions but inoculated with different mixed cultures, were fed a mixture of toluene, ethylbenzene, and o-xylene (TEX) gases. Inert porous perlite was used as support material, in contrast to the more conventional biofiltration systems where natural supports are used. Biodegradation started in all three biofilters a few hours after inoculation, without previous adaptation of the inocula to the toxic mixture. Despite acidification of the systems to pH values below 4·5, the elimination capacities reached were fully satisfactory. The best performing biofilter, in which bacteria were dominant, showed an elimination capacity of 70 g TEX m⁻³ h⁻¹ with a near complete removal of the mixture up to an influent concentration of 1200 mg TEX m⁻³ at a gas residence time of 57 s. Most of the ingoing carbon was recovered as carbon dioxide in the outgoing gas. In the other biofilters fungi dominated and performance was slightly worse. With single substrates, the elimination capacity was higher for toluene and ethylbenzene than for the TEX mixture, whereas o-xylene removal was slowest in all cases. Also when feeding the mixture to the biofilters, o-xylene was removed most slowly.     

TiO2纳米管/UV/O3对腐殖酸的降解动力学

用自制的TiO₂纳米管（TNTs）作为催化剂,对腐殖酸进行TNTs/UV/O₃工艺降解研究.从动力学角度分析了光催化、臭氧化的协同作用及催化剂煅烧温度的影响,考察了反应温度、初始pH值、催化剂投加量和臭氧投加量对降解速率的影响,建立了新型动力学模型.结果表明,光催化和臭氧化有很强的协同作用,催化剂最佳煅烧温度为400℃,腐殖酸的TOC降解过程符合零级反应,模型显示当原水pH值为7.35,TNTs投加量0.806g·L^-1,O₃投加量0.49g·h^-1时TNTs/UV/O₃对腐殖酸TOC的降解取得最佳反应速率,当反应温度T为25℃时,最佳k为0.8095mg·L^-1·min^-1,当反应温度T为30℃时,最佳k为0.8231mg·L^-1·min^-1.试验结果和模型结果对比得出试验值基本符合动力学模型.     

EVA膜对甲苯/乙醇混合物的溶胀和渗透汽化特性

利用基团贡献法估算了共聚比不同的乙烯 /醋酸乙烯共聚物 (EVA)、甲苯 /乙醇混合物的Hansen溶解度参数 ,以共聚物与混合物两者间的三维及二维溶解度参数分量差为判据 ,分析了二者之间相互作用关系及互溶状况 ,与醋酸乙烯质量分数为 2 8%和 14 %的EVA溶胀实验结果对比 ,估算值与实验结果较一致 .所研制的膜用于分离甲苯 /乙醇混合溶液 ,甲苯为优先透过组分 ,在甲苯的质量分数为 2 %～ 3 5 %之间 ,进料温度为 2 5℃的条件下 ,甲苯渗透通量范围为 5 5～ 90 0 g·m^-2 ·h^-1,而分离因子由 18降到 4 .0 .     

改性淀粉在低浓度含镉废水处理中的应用实验

对淀粉（St）接枝共聚丙烯酰胺（AM）并与巯基乙酸（MCAA）反应进行了研究,将得到的产物用于低浓度含镉废水处理取得了较好的效果。研究了淀粉与丙烯酰胺配比不同对St-AM接枝率和接枝效率的影响并对巯基化后得到的产物St-AM-MCAA的巯基含量进行了测定。对低浓度（0.4mg/L）含镉废水的处理研究发现：含镉废水在pH=8,添加量为50mg时镉去除率可达89.7%;St-AM-MCAA较St-AM产物能提高Cd2+去除率10%以上。     

Synthesis of a new type poly(vinyl alcohol)/peat/bamboo charcoal/KNO3 composite bead used as biofilter material

A new type poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/peat/bamboo charcoal (BC)/KNO₃ composite bead was prepared, which has a diameter of 2.4–6.0 mm and a density of 1.133 g/cm³ and is a porous spherical particle. The biochemical kinetic behaviors of n‐butyl acetate in PVA/peat/BC/KNO₃ spherical composite bead biofilter (BC biofilter) and PVA/peat/granular activated carbon (GAC)/KNO₃ spherical composite bead biofilter (GAC biofilter) were investigated. The values of half‐saturation constant K_s for BC biofilter and GAC biofilter were 27.89 and 27.95 ppm, respectively. The values of maximum reaction rate V_m for BC biofilter and GAC biofilter were 13.49 and 13.65 ppm/s, respectively. Zero‐order kinetic with the diffusion limitation was regarded as the most adequate biochemical reaction model for the two biofilters. The microbial growth rate and biochemical reaction rate for two biofilters were inhibited at higher inlet concentration, and the degree of inhibitive effect was more pronounced in the inlet concentration range of 100–800 ppm. The biochemical kinetic behaviors of the two biofilters were similar. The maximum elimination capacity of BC biofilter and GAC biofilter were 111.65 and 122.67 g C/h m³ bed volume, respectively. The PVA/peat/BC/KNO₃ composite bead was suitable as a biofilter material. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

含酚模拟废水的电催化降解

研究了含酚模拟废水 (10 0～ 80 0mg·L^-1)在经氟树脂改性的 β -PbO₂ 电极上的电催化降解 .考察了废水中盐含量、电压、pH值、苯酚初始浓度对废水COD去除的影响 .在温度 2 5℃、电压 7.0V、K₂ SO₄ 含量为1.0 g·L^-1、pH值为 2 .0时 ,模拟苯酚 (10 0mg·L^-1)废水经 2 5min处理 ,COD降至 6 0mg·L^-1以下 ,挥发酚完全消失 .该方法用于处理含酚浓度大 ,酸性高且有一定盐含量的废水 ,可以不经稀释或中和调节等预处理而直接处理 ,具有很好的应用前景 .苯酚降解的主要产物为苯醌、丁烯二酸和草酸 ,最终产物为二氧化碳 ,因此该工艺可用于有机物污染最小化处理和处理水的回用 .COD的去除符合表观拟一级反应动力学     

Influence of nitrogen on the degradation of toluene in a compost‐based biofilter

Two identical laboratory‐scale bioreactors were operated simultaneously, each treating an input air flow rate of 1 m³ h^?1. The biofilters consisted of multi‐stage columns, each stage packed with a compost‐based filtering material, which was not previously inoculated. The toluene inlet concentration was fixed at 1.5 g m^?3 of air. Apart from the necessary carbon, the elements nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, potassium and other micro‐elements are also essential for microbial metabolism. These were distributed throughout the filter bed material by periodic ‘irrigations’ with various test nutrient solutions. The performance of each biofilter was quantified by determining its toluene removal efficiency, and elimination capacity. Nutrient solution nitrogen levels were varied from 0 to 6.0 g dm^?3, which led to elimination capacities of up to 50 g m^?3 h^?1 being obtained for a toluene inlet load of 80 g m^?3 h^?1. A theoretical analysis also confirmed that the optimum nitrogen solution concentration lays in the range 4.0–6.0 g dm^?3. Validation of the irrigation mode was achieved by watering each biofilter stage individually. Vertical stage‐by‐stage stratification of the biofilter performance was not detected, ie each filter bed section removed the same amount of pollutant, the elimination capacity per stage being about 16 g m^?3 h^?1 per section of column. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry     

好氧颗粒污泥溶解氧传递

假定颗粒污泥为球状,通过实验确定动力学参数,建立氧传质模型并进行了验证。结果表明,利用失活颗粒污泥DO变化,得出颗粒污泥氧扩散系数为0.45×10^-9 m²·s^-1;利用烧杯实验,得出了氧比消耗速率0.10 g O2·（g MLSS）^-1·h^-1,氧半饱和常数为0.65 mg·L^-1。模型求解发现,表面DO越大,DO梯度越大,颗粒污泥表面径向传质能力越强,氧穿透颗粒污泥的距离越远,但是粒径很大时（如半径1.5 mm）,虽然表面DO为4.0 mg·L^-1,但依然没有穿透颗粒污泥,当r/R为0.49～0.65之间时,DO梯度迅速为0;在颗粒污泥半径很小（＜0.5 mm）时,氧完全能穿透整个粒径,同时梯尔模数足够小,内扩散有效因子接近1不变,氧扩散可忽略不计;对于相同的梯尔模数,表面DO高时,内扩散有效因子越大,说明氧扩散的动力越强、受限制的程度越小。