喷射沉积Al—Fe—V—Si合金的组织演变研究

通过光学和透射电子显微镜研究了喷射沉积Al-Fe-V-Si合金在沉积状态和不同温度热挤压后的显微组织,发现在α-Al基体上均匀分布着高密度的细小硅化物颗粒,这些细小硅化物颗粒在高温挤压后仍能保持较好的稳定性,在提高合金高温性能中起主要作用,300℃及其以上温度的挤压态合金中发现了一些六边形块状相,经分析是由于合金局部元素成分波动造成V元素的缺乏促使亚稳α-AlFeSi相矢稳转变而成,六边形块状相的存在是影响合金高温性能的主要原因。     

喷射沉积高硅铝合金的显微组织研究

通过金相显微镜、扫描电镜和X射线衍射分析等手段,对Al-22Si-4.5Fe-1.5Mg-4.5Cu合金的喷射沉积态、挤压态以及热处理态的微观组织进行了观察及分析.结果表明：沉积态中初生硅相细化,合金经热挤压后组织致密、晶粒细小,热处理后合金第二相颗粒数量增加,尺寸未见明显改变,合金主要由α-Al,β-Si,β（Al5FeSi）,Al8Si6Mg3Fe,FeSi2,Al8Fe2Si等物相组成,热处理后新析出了细小的Al2Cu和Al2CuMg相,且以Al2Cu相为主.     

Gd对ZK60镁合金显微组织的影响

采用光学金相显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱分析等方法研究了ZK60-xGd(x=0,1.6,2.0)合金的铸态和热挤压态显微组织.研究发现,ZK60合金铸态组织主要由α-Mg枝晶和分布在其周围的半连续网状或不规则片状MgZn相和颗粒状MgZn_2相组成.加入Gd后,MgZn相变为细小均匀的颗粒状,并且随着Gd含量的增加,α-Mg枝晶细化程度和颗粒相分布均匀度提高.Gd在热挤压过程中诱发了合金动态再结晶的进行,显著地细化ZK60-xGd合金挤压态晶粒尺寸,细化程度随着Gd含量的增加而显著提高.结果表明Gd能够显著地细化ZK60铸态和挤压态晶粒,有利于形变镁合金ZK60的变形.     

热挤压对AM50-1%Gd合金组织与性能的影响

针对镁合金高温力学性能差的问题,通过采用热挤压、时效处理、力学性能测试及组织形貌观察等方法,研究了热挤压处理对AM50-1%Gd合金组织与性能的影响.结果表明：AM50-1%Gd合金组织结构由α Mg、Mg₁₇Al₁₂和Mg₂Gd相组成.热挤压可明显提高AM50-1%Gd合金的抗拉强度和屈服强度,并随着挤压温度的降低,合金的强度值增大.而经时效处理后,挤压态合金在室温及高温的抗拉强度和屈服强度可再次提高.挤压态AM50-1%Gd合金中的细小晶粒来自于热挤压期间发生的动态再结晶,热挤压能提高合金抗拉强度的主要原因是形变强化和细晶强化,而细晶强化和细小第二相沿晶界弥散析出是时效态合金综合力学性能好的主要原因.     

Cr和Mg对Al-5%Fe合金中初生Al3Fe相形貌的影响

采用普通熔铸的方法研究合金元素Cr和Mg对Al₅%Fe合金铸态组织的影响,利用能谱仪分析合金中物相成分.结果表明,Cr和Mg可以明显改善合金中的初生Al₃Fe相形貌：未加入合金元素时,合金中初生Al₃Fe相长呈粗大的针状和针片状,加入Cr和Mg则使粗大的初生富铁相形貌转变为鱼骨状、块状和细小针状.能谱分析结果表明：Cr主要分布在富铁相中,并且鱼骨状相中的Cr含量比块状相中含量高,而Mg则主要分布在基体中.     

热作用对喷射沉积Mg-7Al-1.5Zn-4.5Ca-1Nd合金坯组织的影响

采用喷射沉积方法制备了Mg-7Al-1.5Zn-4.5Ca-1Nd合金,通过对沉积态合金不同温度加热处理后试样的组织观察,分析了此合金的相变及组织演变特征。结果表明:喷射沉积坯晶粒细小,组织分布均匀,组织中含有α-Mg、Mg17Al12、MgZn2、Al2Ca和Ca2Mg6Zn3等相;当加热温度从350℃升到520℃时,喷射沉积坯组织有明显的变化,Mg17Al12相溶解,Ca2Mg6Zn3分解为Mg2Ca和MgZn2相,高温时析出了新相Mg12Nd;且硬度随着加热温度的升高而持续下降。     

挤压铸造对ZA27合金组织及性能的影响

研究了挤压铸造对ZA27合金组织及性能的影响.挤压铸造可以显著提高合金的综合力学性能，抗拉强度指标提高了约19.2%，硬度指标提高了约25.5%，延伸率比重力铸造合金增加了近2倍.挤压铸造使合金的组织细化，并使组织中共晶体的数量明显增多，尺寸减小.共晶体由粗大的长条状变成细小的层片状，ε相由棒状或块状变成细小的点状弥散分布于枝晶间.电子探针分析表明，挤压铸造明显改善了合金元素的显微偏析，使试件整体成份均匀.     

Mg-12Gd-4Y-1Zn-0.5Zr合金的显微组织和力学性能

研究了铸态、热挤压态和热挤压加时效处理的Mg-12Gd-4Y-1Zn-0.5Zr合金的显微组织特征和室温拉伸性能.结合SEM-EDS和TEM-EDS重点分析了热挤压态的合金的相组成.结果表明:合金的铸态组织主要由αVMg基体和沿晶界分布的片层状的第二相组成,经过370℃热挤压变形后,合金中第二相的分布和形貌均发生变化,200℃,70 h时效处理后第二相分布变得不规则.并发现了两种非平衡相,即片状的Mg(GdZn)5和块状的Mg3(Gd0.5Y0.5)相.热挤压变形加时效处理后合金室温抗拉强度显著提高的同时,且具有良好的延伸率.     

Ag对Sn-Bi无铅钎料压入蠕变性能及显微组织的影响

对Sn-4.8Bi和Sn-4.8Bi-3.4Ag合金进行了压入蠕变试验,得到两种合金的蠕变曲线,分析了压入蠕变随载荷和温度的变化规律。利用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)分别对合金的物相组成和蠕变前后的微观显微组织进行分析。结果表明:添加Ag元素可提高Sn-Bi合金钎料的抗蠕变性能。蠕变前,Sn-Bi合金中析出相为独立存在的颗粒状Bi,加入Ag后有条状和块状的Ag3Sn析出,且Bi析出减少;蠕变后,Sn-Bi合金中析出的Bi相变得细小并弥散分部于基体中,添加Ag后的合金中条状析出相变得细小,块状析出相变得粗大,但Bi相析出数量进一步减少。     

轧制工艺对ZA35合金组织和性能的影响

为了提高ZA35合金的力学性能,采用轧制工艺制备ZA35合金板坯,利用x-射线衍射仪(XRD)、金相显微镜(OE)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)以及能谱分析(EDS)等技术分析和检测了ZA35合金铸态、不同轧制态和热处理态的显微组织和性能.结果表明:轧制可以显著提高ZA35合金的综合力学性能,使抗拉强度提高了27.8%,硬度指标提高了36.4%,伸长率比铸态增加了近2倍.轧制使合金组织细化,初生α相增多,ε相由块状变成细小的点状弥散分布于枝晶间.轧制合金在经过365℃固溶3h和120℃时效12h热处理后合金力学性能最好,抗拉强度达到512MPa、伸长率为4.9%、硬度为HB127.     

熔体温度处理对磷铜变质Al-20%Si组织的影响

研究熔体温度处理工艺（包括熔体混合及熔体过热处理）与磷铜变质对Al-20%Si合金中硅相形态的影响。结果表明：在本试验条件下,单纯添加磷铜变质剂的Al-20%Si合金,当添加其合金质量的0.4%时,初晶硅由未变质前的97μm减小到65μm,减小了33%;当将熔体温度处理工艺与磷变质处理相结合时,此时Al-20%Si合金中的初晶硅尺寸减小至36μm,减小了62%,且钝化现象显著,弥散分布于α-Al基体上,共晶硅也由未变质前的长针状变为短纤维状和点状。     

原位合成方镁石-铁铝尖晶石材料的烧结工艺及性能研究

以镁砂细粉、Fe粉、Fe2O3粉和α-Al2O3粉为原料,采用原位合成法制备方镁石-铁铝尖晶石材料。不同气氛下烧成试验显示N2气氛是合成铁铝尖晶石的最佳气氛。通过XRD和SEM分析在N2气氛中不同热处理温度制备铁铝尖晶石材料的相组成及其显微结构,研究了烧结温度和铁加入量对试样烧结性能的影响。结果表明,试样在N2气氛中于1450、1500、1550℃下保温3h处理后都能原位合成出方镁石-铁铝尖晶石材料;烧结温度的提高有利于铁铝尖晶石的发育和试样烧结性能的提高;铁加入量为10％时烧结性能最佳。     

挤压温度对固相再生ZM6镁合金组织和性能的影响

利用固相再生方法在挤压比为25：1的条件下,将ZM6镁合金屑分别在350℃、400℃、450℃和500℃温度下制备成试样,进行微观组织观察和力学性能测试。结果表明：当挤压温度为400℃时,ZM6耐热镁合金没有发生再结晶,合金中金属化合物在挤压过程中被打碎,均匀分布在基体中;当挤压温度为450℃和500℃时,ZM6镁合金发生部分动态再结晶;随着挤压温度的提高,合金的抗拉强度和延伸率提高;在挤压温度为500℃,合金的抗拉强度、屈服强度和延伸率分别为300．2MPa、142．9MPa和30％。合金室温拉伸断口主要表现为穿晶韧窝断裂。     

Fabrication of high strength carbon nanotube/7055Al composite by powder metallurgy combined with subsequent hot extrusion

Bimodal carbon nanotube reinforced 7055Al(CNT/7055Al) composites containing coarse grain bands and ultra-fine grain zones were fabricated by high energy ball milling, vacuum hot pressing followed by hot extrusion. The effect of extrusion temperature varied from 320℃ to 420℃ on the microstructure evolution and tensile properties were investigated. Microstructure observation indicates that the elongated coarse grain bands aligned along the extrusion direction after extrusion. The width of the coarse grain bands increased, and the length of the coarse grain bands increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of extrusion temperature. The grain size of the ultra-fine grain zones changed little after hot extrusion, but the ultra-fine grains coarsened after subsequent heat treatment, especially for the composite extruded at low temperature of 320℃. By observing the CNT distribution, it was found that the higher temperature extrusion was beneficial to the CNT orientation along the extrusion direction.Furthermore, a precipitated free zone formed at the boundary between the coarse grain band and the ultra-fine grain zone as the composite extruded at high temperature of 420℃. As the result of the comprehensive influence of the above microstructure, the tensile strength of the composite extruded at moderate temperature of 370℃ reached the highest of 826 MPa.     

Fe_(74)Cu_1Nb_3Si_(15.5)B_(6.5)纳米晶丝的巨磁阻抗效应

采用熔融抽拉法制备了Fe74Cu1Nb3Si15.5B6.5非晶丝材料.分别研究了不同温度和交流电流退火后该种丝的GMI效应,结果发现两种退火方式都能够使其GMI效应显著增强且电流退火更有利于GMI效应.当退火电流密度为1.3×107A/m2时,样品最大GMI比率达到338%,高于550℃退火后的最大GMI比率320%.分析表明两种退火方法都使材料中析出α2Fe(Si)纳米晶粒,大大改善了材料的软磁性能和GMI效应.     

New method for the preparation of semi-solid AISi7Mg alloy slurry

The effects of pouring temperature and short electromagnetic stirring with low strength on the microstructures of AlSi7Mg alloy were investigated.The results show that if liquid AlSi7Mg alloy is poured at 630 or 650 ℃,many primary α-Al grains in the solidified melt are rosette-like,and only a small number of them are spherical.However,if liquid AlSi7Mg alloy is poured at a lower superheat and meanwhile is stirred by an electromagnetic field at a low power for a short time,then most primary α-Al grains in the solidified melt become spherical,and only a few are rosette-like.The theoretical analysis indicates that the strengthened melt flow motion induced by the short electromagnetic stirring makes the temperature field more homogeneous in the melt,which is poured at a lower superheat,and makes the primary α-Al grains deposit in a larger region at the same time,so this new solidification kinetic condition leads to the microstructure of spherical primary α-Al grains.The experiments also demonstrate that pouring at an appropriate superheat and stirring by an electromagnetic field at a low power for a short time is a good new method for preparing the semi-solid slurry or billet of AlSi7Mg alloy.     

Evolution of microstructures in Al-Mn-Mg alloys during homogenization

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New method for the preparation of semi-solid AlSi7Mg alloy slurry

The effects of pouring temperature and short electromagnetic stirring with low strength on the microstructures of AlSi7Mg alloy were investigated. The results show that if liquid AlSi7Mg alloy is poured at 630 or 650℃, many primary α-Al grains in the solidified melt are rosette-like, and only a small number of them are spherical. However, if liquid AlSi7Mg alloy is poured at a lower superheat and meanwhile is stirred by an electromagnetic field at a low power for a short time, then most primary α-Al grains in the solidified melt become spherical, and only a few are rosette-like. The theoretical analysis indicates that the strengthened melt flow motion induced by the short electromagnetic stirring makes the temperature field more homogeneous in the melt, which is poured at a lower superheat, and makes the primary α-Al grains deposit in a larger region at the same time, so this new solidification kinetic condition leads to the microstructure of spherical primary α-Al grains. The experiments also demonstrate that pouring at an appropriate superheat and stirring by an electromagnetic field at a low power for a short time is a good new method for preparing the semi-solid slurry or billet of AlSi7Mg alloy.     

热连轧403Nb棒材的组织结构与蠕变性能

为了获得403Nb钢更好的加工工艺及优异的高温蠕变性能,借助扫描电镜（SEM）、透射电镜（TEM）、x射线衍射仪（XRD）等分析手段,并通过蠕变性能测试,对热连轧403Nb钢蠕变前后的组织结构及行为进行了研究.结果表明：403Nb钢在热连轧期间发生了动态回复及动态再结晶,其组成相包括：α Fe、（Fe,Cr）23C6及（Fe,Cr,Nb）C,其中,（Fe,Cr）23C6多分布于晶界,（Fe,Cr,Nb）C主要分布于晶内.在实验条件下,热连轧403Nb钢具有极强的温度敏感性和应力敏感性,其蠕变激活能Q=287.5kJ/mol.蠕变期间发生了大量的交滑移,碳化物通过阻碍位错运动以及“钉扎”晶界起到提高蠕变抗力的作用.