一种复合氧化物涂层钛电极的电化学性能及其在废水处理中的应用

通过稳态极化曲线和循环伏安曲线,比较了复合氧化物涂层钛电极和镀铂钛电极的析氯和析氧电化学性能;通过循环伏安曲线,分析了复合氧化物涂层钛电极在不同溶液中的电化学性能,初步探索了复合氧化物涂层钛电极的电化学氧化机理;并将复合氧化物涂层钛电极安装在低压高频水处理装置中用于重金属废液和有机废液的电化学降解。结果表明,复合氧化物涂层钛电极相比镀铂钛电极具有更高的析氯和析氧催化活性及析氯和析氧反应效率;复合氧化物涂层钛电极在酸性溶液中析出的铜容易氧化成铜离子,出现铜返溶现象,而析出的镍不容易氧化,很难出现镍返溶现象;复合氧化物涂层钛电极具有较高的电化学催化性能,在电流密度为1 300A·m-2时,连续电解氧化120min后的铜离子去除率达到90%、镍离子去除率达到97%,连续电解氧化200min后的铵离子去除率达到98%、氰根离子去除率达到95%。     

高氧超电极在电解法生产氯酸盐中的应用

制备了３种氧化涂层电极,分析了涂层物相组成、涂层形貌,测定了电极的电化学性能,研究了这些电极在电解法生产氯酸盐中的应用。结果表明：钌锡锑氧化物涂层电极具有较低析氯电位、较高析氧电位,电解ＮａＣｌ溶液生产ＮａＣｌＯ３具有较高电流效率。     

用于碳材料电极的连接件

用于碳材料电极的连接件，其特征在于：该连接件包含氧化活化的碳纤维，该碳纤维还有碳化涂层，该碳化涂层是涂层材料的碳化产品，上述涂层材料选自蜡、沥青、天然树脂、热塑性的和热固性聚合物，以及用于制造它们的方法。     

镍掺杂钨氧化物电极制备及对苯酚的催化降解研究

通过阴极电沉积在钛基体上制备了掺杂Ni元素的WOX涂层电极,采用XRD、EDS分析认为涂层主要是四价钨的氧化物及镍氧化物的混合物。循环伏安测试苯酚在电极上的氧化电位为0.556 V,电极具有很好的电化学催化氧化活性。电极对苯酚的电化学氧化降解效果较好,苯酚的去除率接近90%,COD的去除率在43%左右,提高了苯酚模拟废水的可生化性。     

氧化处理温度对IrO2／Ti阳极性能的影响

论述了氧化处理温度对ＩｒＯ＿２／Ｔｉ　阳极涂层的热重量分析曲线、电极电位、涂层相组成、强化寿命的影响。认为其氧化处理温度最好控制在４８０～５５０℃。     

钼电极表面玻璃基防氧化涂层的研究

针对钼在高温下极易氧化的问题,开发了一种在烤窑时防止钼电极被氧化的玻璃基涂层.该涂层是以钡硅酸盐玻璃为主体,以Cr2O3为难熔填料,加入有机粘结剂,用松油醇做溶剂,配制成悬浮液,采用刷涂法涂覆于钼电极表面.研究了Cr2O3的添加量对涂层防氧化性能的影响.通过能谱(EDS)和恒温失重分析,比较了有涂层和无涂层保护时,钼基体表面氧含量的差异.结果表明,该涂层在较宽的温度范围内对钼电极有很好的保护作用.     

三维电极电化学技术及其在废水处理中的应用

针对三维电催化氧化工艺的应用及进展进行了综述。介绍了三维电催化氧化技术的概念,并且以废水中氨氮污染物的处理探究了该技术的降解机理;简要概括了三维电催化氧化技术的影响因素,如电池电压和电流密度、初始pH、温度等;阐述了三维电催化氧化的典型电极材料,主要是通过构建中间层及涂层多元化改性的DSA电极、改性的掺硼金刚石电极、传统粒子电极和近年来研究热门的负载型粒子电极;分别总结了三维电催化氧化技术在氨氮废水、苯酚废水及印染废水处理方面的应用现状,提出了三维电催化氧化技术目前存在的问题并且对该技术今后的发展方向做出了展望。     

Ti/Sb-SnO_2/β-PbO_2电极制备及其用于水中有机物浓度检测

基于PbO_2电极的电化学COD传感器可以实现水中有机物浓度的在线监测,其中提高检测灵敏度、增大检测线性范围以及增强电极稳定性、延长电极使用寿命是有待解决的关键技术问题。为了提高电极的稳定性并减小钛基氧化层的影响,采用溶胶凝胶法在钛基上制备了锑掺杂氧化锡涂层(Ti/Sb-SnO_2),并以电沉积方法在此涂层电极上制得β-PbO_2镀层,得到Ti/Sb-SnO_2/β-PbO_2电极。在系统研究电极结构和性能的基础上,研究了其对水中葡萄糖浓度的检测灵敏度、线性范围。     

难降解废水污染治理中DSA电极的优化研究进展

电催化氧化法氧化能力强、占地面积小、易于控制，应用前景十分广阔。阳极作为影响污染物电催化氧化效率与路径的最主要因素，是提升电催化性能的重要突破口，引起了国内外学者的广泛关注与研究，以期制备出具备高效稳定催化活性和较低成本的理想阳极。按照电催化基本原理、活性涂层分类、制备方法优化、改性探究与研究展望，综述了近年来工业相关领域最常用的DSA电极优化研究现状，从替换活性涂层、掺杂材料和提高析氧电位，降低能耗两个角度分析了如何控制成本，通过制备方法条件与电极改性两个方面探讨了如何提高稳定性与电催化活性，同时叙述了掺杂量、电流密度、烧结温度等方面的一些最佳工艺参数，梳理了电极三维结构、新型材料等热门领域的研究情况。并从材料开发、三维孔隙、小试中试等三个方面对未来进行了展望，希望可以对相关研究探索提供一定帮助。     

电极对电化学处理废水效率及处理过程产气的影响

电极材料是影响电化学废水处理体系性能的关键因素之一。介绍了电极材料对电化学处理废水反应机制的影响,重点介绍了电极材料对电化学处理废水效率及处理过程产气的影响和电极的改性技术的研究进展。电极材料不仅影响电化学降解过程中的反应类型,而且影响直接电化学氧化和间接电化学氧化在整个电催化氧化作用中的比例、电化学处理废水效率,还影响电极表面的产气种类(如析H_2、O_2、Cl_2及产CO_2、N_2、NH_3等),并因此影响能耗;电极表面涂层的元素掺杂及添加中间层可以提高电极的电催化氧化性能。为电化学处理废水技术合理选择电极提供了技术参考。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。