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采油过程中,酸化是油气井增产、注水井增注的主要措施。砂岩基质酸化和碳酸岩基质酸化都是在低于储层破裂压力的条件下向地层中注入酸液,溶解地层中的可溶物质,清除孔隙或裂缝中的堵塞物质,从而使油气井增产或注水井增注的一种工艺措施。本文着重讨论了砂岩酸化的设计计算方法,并由此建立一套基质酸化设计方法。 相似文献
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《Oil and Energy Trends》2008,33(5):6-7
This section summarizes downstream developments of the previous month. Exploration & Production are covered in 'Upstream Review'.
An upsurge of violence in Iraq threatened a recovery in output that began earlier this year. Production in the northern fields hit a post-invasion high of 620,000 bpd in March, rising by 180,000 bpd in one month. Fighting in the south, however, cut production there by more than 100,000 bpd as government troops tried to subdue Shi'ite militias in and around Basrah. Oil installations damaged in the south included a pipeline and a pumping station. The Iraqi government nevertheless announced that oil production would reach 2.9 mn bpd by the year's end, requiring an increase of nearly 500,000 bpd over April 2008 levels. Foreign help is to be sought via a series of technical service agreements and - later this year - an upstream licensing round. Japan's Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry says it wants a bigger role for Japanese oil companies in both the upstream and downstream sectors in Iraq. Kurdistan says it is negotiating with Baghdad to export oil produced from new oil fields there. The central government does not recognize production agreements drawn up by the Kurdistan Regional Government. The EU - desperate for gas to fill its Nabucco pipeline - has approached Iraq for up to 1 bn cfd. 相似文献
An upsurge of violence in Iraq threatened a recovery in output that began earlier this year. Production in the northern fields hit a post-invasion high of 620,000 bpd in March, rising by 180,000 bpd in one month. Fighting in the south, however, cut production there by more than 100,000 bpd as government troops tried to subdue Shi'ite militias in and around Basrah. Oil installations damaged in the south included a pipeline and a pumping station. The Iraqi government nevertheless announced that oil production would reach 2.9 mn bpd by the year's end, requiring an increase of nearly 500,000 bpd over April 2008 levels. Foreign help is to be sought via a series of technical service agreements and - later this year - an upstream licensing round. Japan's Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry says it wants a bigger role for Japanese oil companies in both the upstream and downstream sectors in Iraq. Kurdistan says it is negotiating with Baghdad to export oil produced from new oil fields there. The central government does not recognize production agreements drawn up by the Kurdistan Regional Government. The EU - desperate for gas to fill its Nabucco pipeline - has approached Iraq for up to 1 bn cfd. 相似文献
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三江盆地绥滨坳陷白垩纪地层剥蚀厚度恢复 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
三江盆地绥滨坳陷地质历史时期曾经历了多期剥蚀作用,其中白垩纪至古近纪期间的剥蚀作用面积大、作用强,造成坳陷内地层大面积抬升剥蚀,地温降低,影响到油气的生成和排出.采用孔隙度法、镜质体反射率法和成熟度反演法分析绥滨坳陷南部和北部的剥蚀量,3种方法相互验证结果显示坳陷北部滨1井要比坳陷南部滨参1井经历了更大的剥蚀过程,相比之下,南部地区更有利于油气的形成和聚集. 相似文献
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对转化气余热锅炉出现的换热管泄漏情况进行了分析,找出了泄漏原因,制定了换管工艺方案。通过修复过程的质量控制,修复顺利完成,锅炉已正常使用两年半,未发生任何故障。 相似文献
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乙烯裂解装置结焦抑制技术新进展 总被引:8,自引:1,他引:7
乙烯装置裂解炉炉管结焦是影响乙烯产量的重要因素之一 ,它会使炉管管壁热阻增大 ,热传导率降低 ,使裂解过程能耗增大 ,壁温升高 ,炉管寿命缩短。同时 ,焦垢会使炉管内径变小 ,物料流动过程压力降增大 ,甚至堵塞管道 ,使运转周期缩短 ,产量受到限制。目前 ,全球乙烯工业每年因炉管结焦减产造成的损失约为 2 0亿美元[1 ] 。另外 ,结焦和采用过热气流清焦会使炉管寿命缩短 ,所以炉管通常每 2~ 5年需要更换一次。乙烯生产商每年在炉管上耗费约2 5亿美元 ,其中 80 %用于维修和更换炉管。开发结焦抑制技术对延长装置运行周期、提高裂解炉生产效… 相似文献
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乙酰化是保护糖类羟基最常用的方法。将糖类羟基乙酰化反应用催化剂分为碱、无机酸、有机酸、Lewis酸、硅铝酸盐、离子液体和其他催化剂,分别综述了其研究进展。 相似文献