基于PLUTO的载荷遥操作地面控制平台设计

针对现有的载荷遥控操作模式不能适应空间科学实验需求的实际,提出使用标准控制测试语言(PLUTO语言)实现载荷控制的新模式。PLUTO是一种过程化脚本语言,能够应用于航天飞行器和有效载荷的地面测试、在轨测试与在轨运控操作,该语言能满足载荷操作的各种需求,为载荷控制人员提供有力的工具。文中以我国有效载荷在轨操控需求为出发点,同时根据PLUTO语言的特点,结合面向对象方法学、编译技术、设计模式等理念,提出一种快速实现其编译程序的技术途径,并通过原型系统验证设计的可行性。     

一种飞行器有效载荷接口扩展装置方案设计

飞行器执行不同的作战任务需要携带不同类型的有效载荷,多数飞行器由于接口资源有限,仅能携带单一的有效载荷,这给飞行器作战手段带来了极大的限制。若能利用飞行器有限的接口资源携带更多类型的有效载荷,就可以使飞行器作战手段更加丰富多样,进而大大提升飞行器的作战能力。有效载荷接口扩展装置在飞行器有限的接口资源基础上,利用不同类型的有效载荷分时工作的特点,从供配电接口、数据传输接口、软硬指令接口等方面对飞行器原有接口进行扩展,目前能够支持机械臂、小卫星、激光武器、侦查相机4种有效载荷在轨正常执行任务,不同的有效载荷分时复用飞行器接口资源,在不额外增加飞行器功耗负担的前提下,大大提高了总线利用率和指令利用率。有效载荷接口扩展装置的应用对飞行器在轨作战提供了更多可能性,使单一飞行器能够尽可能执行多任务,同时也间接降低了发射成本。     

卫星有效载荷的多目标多学科设计优化研究

在卫星有效载荷系统研究中,实施多目标多学科优化的可行性设计。首先,分析了开展卫星有效载荷多学科设计优化的关键技术。建立了包含天线、转发器、数据传输、可靠性、成本和质量的多学科分析模型。然后,应用多目标遗传算法对某卫星有效载荷的可靠性和成本进行多目标设计优化,获得最优解集。最后,运用多学科协同优化结合遗传算法进行可靠性单目标设计优化。研究结果表明:有效载荷的多目标多学科设计优化全面考虑了多个学科之间的关系,设计人员可按需选择其满意的优化结果,大幅提高设计效率;协同优化方法有助于实现学科自治、并行设计,提高设计的灵活性和缩短设计周期。     

故障树和证据推理结合的故障诊断技术

本文针对有效载荷特点建立了基于故障树模型的故障诊断框架,提出了适合有效载荷故障诊断的知识组织和表示方法及相应的推理控制策略,应用D-S证据理论解决了实际任务中有效载荷诊断信息不全面引起的不确定性问题,并通过对某飞行器上有效载荷的故障诊断验证了该方法的可行性。     

基于双种群遗传算法的四旋翼飞行器PID参数整定方法

针对四旋翼飞行器的PID控制器参数整定问题,提出使用双种群遗传算法对控制器参数进行寻优;四旋翼飞行器的PID参数调整困难,由于通道间的耦合关系使常规的参数调整方法失效,提出结合双种群遗传算法,寻找最优的PID参数组合,实现飞行器控制;结合动力学模型并加以适当简化,设计了PID控制器,使用双种群遗传算法整定参数,进行了数据仿真实验;结果表明,双种群遗传算法能够提高单种群遗传算法5%的性能,获得的参数控制效果更好。     

基于非金属材料减振设计的小型空间飞行器模态分析

为有效改善发射过程中飞行器有效载荷的动力学环境,以某小型空间飞行器为例,基于转接框结构提出非金属材料减振设计方案．在有限元模型中采用考虑剪切变形的梁单元模拟非金属材料减振器,对飞行器的动特性进行数值仿真分析和试验验证．结果表明仿真结果与试验结果基本一致．     

微机在高温辐射仪中的应用

本文介绍了导体及涂层材料辐射率的测试原理及其测试设备—微机运控高温辐射仪。该仪器采用TMC—80微型机联机运控后,可以实现对温度、电流和电压等主要参数进行实时采集、自动标定,并由微机计算出其辐射率,同时还可以实现逐级自动升温和对温度的自动控制,从而使辐射率的测试全过程实现了自动化。     

飞行器参考航迹规划方法研究

研究飞行器参考航迹规划优化控制问题,飞行器受到飞行达时间、油耗、威胁和地形环境等因素影响,传统的依靠飞行员的视觉效应,达不到优化的要求,同时飞行航迹实时性差.为了找到最优飞行器参考航迹,在分析当前飞行器航迹规划算法存在问题基础上,提出一种改进遗传算法的航迹规划方案.采用遗传算法对飞行器参考航迹进行全局搜索,快速找到全局最优解区域,并在全局最优区域通过模拟退火算法进行局部搜索,得到最优航迹.仿真结果表明,改进遗传算法能够快速找到最优参考航迹,能很好满足在线实时航迹规划的要求,是一种比较理想的飞行器参考航迹规划算法.     

贵传算法在PID参数整定中的应用

针对传统PID参数整定的困难性，本文提出了把遗传算法运用于PID参数整定中，采用遗传算法进行PID参数整定是一种寻求全局最优且与初始条件无关的优化方法。仿真结果表明基于遗传算法运的PID参数整定具有良好的控制特性。     

基于PC的吉比特级数据采集快视系统

针对某飞行器的有效载荷数据处理单元的吉比特级高速输出信号,实现一个基于PC的吉比特级数据采集快视系统。可以从飞行器内部总线上采集数据,对图像数据进行实时显示,将原始数据写入RAID磁盘阵列保存。为实现高速数据采集,设计一块专用的数据采集卡,利用FPGA对原始数据进行必要处理,通过PCI—E总线将数据接入PC主板。该系统还特别考虑降低CPU占用率以提高系统性能。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。