急冷油塔污垢清洗试剂配方的试验研究

急冷油塔是乙烯装置的重要组成部分,在生产过程中由于污垢不断沉积而易产生堵塞现象。通过分析确定了燕山石化乙烯生产过程中的急冷油塔装置污垢成分主要为醇、炔烃、芳烃以及烷烃等重油垢;进行了清洗剂成分的选择与复配;通过正交试验和极差分析法得出最佳清洗剂配方:在100℃温度下,以重柴油为基液,其他表面活性剂AEO-3(15%)、JFC(5%)和快速渗透剂T(10%)为辅助试剂;用调配好的清洗剂对填料环进行清洗,清洗效果非常好。该清洗剂配方可应用于化学在线清洗急冷油塔实际作业。     

水基印刷线路板油墨清洗剂的研制

研制了一种水基印刷线路板油墨清洗剂。研究了清洗剂中的氢氧化钠、磷酸三钠、三聚磷酸钠、硅酸钠用量对油墨去除率的影响。采用超声辅助清洗工艺,探讨了清洗温度和清洗时间对不同类型印刷线路板油墨去除效果的影响。油墨清洗剂的较优组成为:氢氧化钠6%,磷酸三钠2%,三聚磷酸钠2%,硅酸钠1%,氯化钠2%,亚硝酸钠1%,表面活性剂AES1%,表面活性剂K121%,表面活性剂SAS-601%。该油墨清洗剂具有良好的清洗能力,油墨去除率高。在清洗温度80～90°C、清洗剂中活性物质量分数为17%的条件下,对普通型线路板、烘烤型线路板分别清洗5～8min、45～50min,油墨去除率均可达100%。     

太阳能硅片清洗剂TF-014的研制

介绍了一种太阳能硅片清洗剂TF-014的制备方法和应用性能,该清洗剂适用于金刚线切割超声清洗工艺,不仅具有优秀的去油污和金属离子螯合能力,而且具有低泡易清洗、不留白斑、无磷无氮、安全环保等特点.在全自动硅片超声清洗设备中,该清洗剂的最佳使用工艺为:清洗温度为55℃,清洗时间为240 s,清洗浓度为2.5％.     

正交实验研究表面活性物含量对瓶片清洗影响及测试

研发了一种环保型塑料清洗剂,采用正交实验的方法优化了清洗剂的配方。考察了表面活性物的含量对目标产品去污能力的影响,确定了最佳配方组成。配方为酯化反应工艺水(78%)、氢氧化钠(3%)、十二烷基苯磺酸(17%)、硫酸钠(0.2%)、甲醇钠(1%)、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠(0.6%)、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚(0.1%)、渗透剂T (0.1%)。与传统的塑料清洗工艺相比,本环保型清洗剂的清洗效果显著优于传统的清洗剂,且在高、低温下均有良好的稳定性,对塑料瓶片具有高抑菌作用,可代替传统的塑料清洗剂。     

仪器及设备

及设备2000年JP98一37462[日本专利公开l/日本:KurarayEngineering K.K.等(Miki,Tsuguto等)一1998.12.22一页一971148815(1997.6.6):IPC B05F15/00 将可上下移动的搅拌器(如带有叶片的竖式旋转轴)用一种清洗设备进行清洗。该设备主要包括:清洗槽(搅拌器插入其中)、将清洗剂喷到搅拌器表面的喷嘴、将多种清洗剂选择性地由外置式贮槽送入喷嘴用的管线、清洗旋转轴用的刷子、以及用于移动刷子的电机。0001 474用粉末涂料涂覆金属管道内壁的装置:JP98一305246[日本专利公开]/日木:TerryKogyo K.K.(Nakagoshi,Senkiehi)一1998.11.17一3…     

味精废水膜清洗剂及其性能研究

针对反渗透法处理味精废水时所造成的反渗透膜污染,采用实验法进行实验室模拟实验,研制了一种高效碱性清洗剂,最佳配方(质量分数)为:将氢氧化钠27%、多聚磷酸钠4%、烷基苯磺酸钠3.3%、硅藻土3%,次氯酸钠3%、硅酸钠3.7%、硫酸钠2%、碳酸钠6%、乙二胺四乙酸二钠盐3%,乙醇7%,水38%。分别测定了该清洗剂的洗净力和p H,并将该配方应用到味精废水污染的反渗透膜离线清洗装置上。实验结果表明,与传统清洗剂相比,采用该清洗剂可以有效恢复味精废水污染的膜组的通量,提高产水电导,对反渗透膜管的净洗力达到96.2%,性能优于传统的碱性清洗剂。     

环保型水基金属清洗剂的研制及其性能研究

以生物降解性较好的表面活性剂为主表面活性剂,研究了一种水基金属清洗剂,其最优配方组成为:脂肪酸甲酯乙氧基化物(FMEE) 6.0%,异构十三醇聚氧乙烯醚(iso-C13AEO9)3.0%,烷基糖苷(APG0810)6%,吐温20 1.5%;椰子油脂肪酸二乙醇酰胺(6501)、表面活性剂PT、乙二醇丁醚,碳酸氢钠和消泡剂的添加质量分数分别为2.0%,1.0%,3.0%,3.0%,1.0%。当清洗剂稀释5倍,40℃超声清洗5 min时,清洗效果最好,污垢去除率99.1%;重复清洗5次后,对污垢仍有较好的清洗效果,去除率达90.0%。该清洗剂对不锈钢、45#碳钢防锈和腐蚀性能合格,具有环保、清洗率高、低泡等特点。     

环保型水基金属清洗剂的研制及其性能研究

以生物降解性较好的表面活性剂为主表面活性剂,研究了一种水基金属清洗剂,其最优配方组成为:脂肪酸甲酯乙氧基化物(FMEE) 6.0%,异构十三醇聚氧乙烯醚(iso-C13AEO9)3.0%,烷基糖苷(APG0810)6%,吐温20 1.5%;椰子油脂肪酸二乙醇酰胺(6501)、表面活性剂PT、乙二醇丁醚,碳酸氢钠和消泡剂的添加质量分数分别为2.0%,1.0%,3.0%,3.0%,1.0%。当清洗剂稀释5倍,40℃超声清洗5 min时,清洗效果最好,污垢去除率99.1%;重复清洗5次后,对污垢仍有较好的清洗效果,去除率达90.0%。该清洗剂对不锈钢、45#碳钢防锈和腐蚀性能合格,具有环保、清洗率高、低泡等特点。     

环保型水基清洗剂的研制

研制了一种新型环保的水基清洗剂。并探讨了温度、时间和清洗剂活性物质量分数对脱脂率的影响。清洗剂的典型组分为:2.0%氨基聚醚混合物、0.3%～0.4%α-烃基磺酸钠、0.4%～0.5%壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚、1.2%～1.3%羧酸盐防锈剂。该清洗剂具有稳定、低泡、无毒、无害、去污率高的特点,在室温6min下清洗率达100%,对碳钢和铸铁具有良好的清洗和防锈能力。     

化油器清洗剂去污力的改良

介绍了发动机化油器积碳的危害及含卤代烃清洗剂的缺点,提供了一种化油器清洗剂的配方及其性能特点。该化油器清洗剂利用生产聚氯乙烯过程中弃去的高沸物的溶解、渗透特性,配合工业上未分离的常用混合溶剂(中沸点溶剂油)、低气味且清洗性能佳的异构烷烃类溶剂、复配性清洗助剂及适量的具有对油污乳化、分散特性的非离子表面活性剂,共同发挥协同性能。通过与市面上同类化油器清洗剂对比,该配方的化油器清洗剂具有气味温和、油污溶解能力强等优异性能,有良好的应用前景。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。