项目管理信息系统集成及其发展趋势

介绍了项目管理系统集成的概念、现状和存在的问题,通过国内外集成模型和实例介绍了项目管理系统集成的具体应用,对目前系统集成的主要方法和今后的发展方向进行了探讨。本文还首次提出了基于本体论的项目管理系统集成方法和项目网格的概念。     

网格计算系统及其应用研究

网格计算是构筑在Internet上的一组新兴技术,是分布式计算中的一种,用来解决复杂度越来越超高的计算和应用。文章介绍了网格计算的概念、特点、基本功能和体系结构,典型的网格计算项目Globus,网格计算的应用和网格计算目前存在的问题,并对网格计算作了展望。     

信息系统集成项目的风险管理流程及方法研究

针对当前信息系统集成项目中存在的一些风险问题,本文结合系统集成项目的特点为主要依据,对系统集成 项目中的风险类别分析、流程及管理方法等进行深入探索与研究,目的在于加大对系统集成项目的风险管理力度,以此来确保 系统集成项目顺利开展。     

网格计算助网上募捐

网格计算正在突破传统的研究领域,被许多商业项目所采用。网格计算在商业项目中的一个很典型的例子是英国慈善团体ComicRelie将其运用到网上募捐活动中。     

网格计算的安全性研究与技术实现

网格计算环境必须以现有的Internet为通信支撑平台,由于Internet本身的开放性和异构性,决定了网格计算面临着各种各样的安全威胁,因此网格安全已成为网格计算环境中的一个核心问题。该文简述了网格安全需求,分析了网格安全技术,并给出了基于Globus项目中网格安全的主要技术手段。     

网格环境下的数据库系统

目前网格上的各类应用系统几乎都是使用文件来保存数据，因此人们对如何将数据库系统集成入网格这个问题研究甚少。如果网格要在将来支持更大范围的应用系统，那么必须要解决将数据库系统集成入网格这个问题。本文在分析网格环境对数据库系统的需求的基础上，总结了将数据库系统集成入网格的两种方法，并分别对它们做出评价。     

计算网格中访问控制策略研究与应用

网格是未来分布式计算的主要发展方向,而网格安全不仅是网格推广应用的前提,也是计算网格中的一个核心问题。通过对网格安全需求进行分析,从不同角度观察网格安全,抽象出网格安全模型的物理视图和逻辑视图。重点研究了网格环境中访问控制策略与授权策略。结合网格安全项目的研究,设计并实现了利用网格安全认证、访问控制策略进行P2P分布式计算的应用实例。     

计算网格中访问控制策略研究与应用

网格是未来分布式计算的主要发展方向，而网格安全不仅是网格推广应用的前提，也是计算网格中的一个核心问题。通过对网格安全需求进行分析，从不同角度观察网格安全，抽象出网格安全模型的物理视图和逻辑视图。重点研究了网格环境中访问控制策略与授权策略。结合网格安全项目的研究，设计并实现了利用网格安全认证、访问控制策略进行P2P分布式计算的应用实例。     

动态虚拟组织管理系统设计与实现

网格计算粗粒度的管理方式导致的网格体系僵化带来了诸多不便,成为网格计算在科研领域更深入应用的阻碍。采用虚拟组织的思想,提出了动态虚拟组织管理方案来针对网格计算项目进行细粒度管理。该方案按照虚拟组织的方式管理多个网格计算项目,以虚拟组织成员关系控制用户访问的权限,使得虚拟组织的构成更加灵活。针对Globus网格平台设计了动态虚拟组织管理系统,实际应用表明该系统实现了细粒度的多网格管理,证明了动态虚拟组织管理方案的有效性。     

面向知识网格的本体学习研究

网格计算正在从单纯的面向大型计算的分布式资源共享发展为一种面向服务的架构,以实现透明而可靠的分布式系统集成。网格智能是指如何获取、预处理、表示和集成不同层次的网格服务(如HTML/XML/RDF/OWL文档、服务响应时间和服务质量等)的数据和信息,并最终转换为有用的智能(知识)。因为高层知识将在未来的网格应用起到越来越重要的作用,本体是知识网格实现的关键。文章提出了一种实现从Web文档中本体(半)自动构建的本体学习框架WebOntLearn,并讨论了本体学习中领域概念的抽取、概念之间关系的抽取和分类体系的自动构建等关键技术。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.