水解/接枝处理对F-12纤维/环氧复合材料力学性能的影响

采用氢氧化钾稀溶液对F-12纤维进行表面处理,将—COOK离子对引入到F-12纤维表面,进而引发不同接枝单体的接枝,并分析了不同接枝单体和接枝时间等对F-12纤维拉伸强度及其环氧复合材料层间剪切强度的影响。研究表明,在温和条件下将—COOK离子对引入到F-12纤维表面,引发环氧氯丙烷接枝,可以提高F-12纤维/环氧复合材料的层间剪切强度。     

电子束辐射接枝对PAN基碳纤维的表面改性

采用电子束加速器辐射接枝方法对聚丙烯腈(PAN)基碳纤维进行表面改性,研究了接枝单体种类对接枝率及其环氧树脂基复合材料力学性能的影响,分析了辐射接枝前后PAN基碳纤维的表面形貌与化学结构以及其复合材料界面断口的形貌变化。结果表明:电子束辐射接枝改性的PAN基碳纤维表面粗糙度增加,表面活性官能团增多,与树脂的机械锲合作用增强,其树脂基复合材料断口表而较为平整;乙二胺/水溶液体系是辐射接枝改性的理想溶液,在200 kGy的电子束辐射下,PAN基碳纤维表面的接枝率为6.66%,复合材料的层间剪切强度提高了45.1%。     

碳纤维的改性及其界面性能

采用化学接枝的方法对篮球鞋用碳纤维进行了表面改性处理,将柠檬酸接枝到碳纤维表面制备了碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料,对比分析了改性前后碳纤维的表面形貌、界面剪切强度和层间剪切强度,并对断口形貌进行了观察。结果表明:经过柠檬酸改性后的碳纤维表面粗糙度明显增加,与树脂基体的结合力最强;碳纤维、氧化后的碳纤维、对苯二胺接枝的碳纤维、聚柠檬酸接枝的碳纤维和二次接枝对苯二胺的碳纤维的界面剪切强度分别为46.8,53.4,68.2,62.4,82.2 MPa,改性碳纤维的界面剪切强度都高于原始碳纤维,二次接枝对苯二胺的碳纤维的界面剪切强度最大;经过表面改性处理的碳纤维的层间剪切强度都有不同程度提高,且二次接枝对苯二胺的碳纤维的层间剪切强度最大。     

水解/接枝处理对F一12纤维/环氧复合材料力学性能的影响

采用氢氧化钾稀溶液对Ｆ－１２纤维进行表面处理，将－ＣＯＯＫ离子对引入到Ｆ－１２纤维表面，引而引发不同接枝单体的接枝，并分析了不同接枝单体和接枝时间等对Ｆ－１２纤维拉伸强度及其环氧复合材料层间剪切强度的影响。研究表明，在温和条件下将－ＣＯＯＫ离子对引入Ｆ－１２纤维表面，引发环氧氯丙烷接枝，可以提高Ｆ－１２纤维／环氧复合材料的层间剪切强度。     

芳纶Ⅲ表面接枝改性的研究

为改进芳纶Ⅲ增强树脂复合材料的层间剪切性能,采用1,6-己二异氰酸酯(HDI)对芳纶Ⅲ进行表面接枝改性处理;通过正交实验方法讨论了不同处理条件对芳纶Ⅲ复合材料层间剪切强度的影响;并对改性前后纤维的表面结构形貌及浸润性能进行表征。结果表明:最佳的接枝改性条件为HDI与催化剂质量比100∶1,反应时间24 h,反应温度20℃;芳纶Ⅲ经表面接枝处理后,纤维表面出现凸棱与凹槽,且接枝了活泼的—NH2基团,纤维与环氧树脂的接触角由处理前的73.6°减小至45.2°,芳纶Ⅲ对树脂的浸润性提高,从而提高其复合材料的层间剪切强度。     

化学气相沉积PPy/UHMWPE纤维的研究

采用化学气相沉积制备了聚吡咯/超高相对分子质量聚乙烯(PPy/UHMWPE)纤维,测试了不同氧化剂浓度、不同沉积时间和温度下PPy/UHMWPE纤维的表面剪切强度,用扫描电镜、动态热机械分析仪、傅立叶变换红外光谱仪分析了PPy/UHMWPE纤维的表面形态、热机械性能和复合材料官能团的变化。结果表明:PPy均匀分布在UHMWPE纤维表面,UHMWPE纤维与PPy之间无化学键作用而是分子间作用力;随着氧化剂三氯化铁浓度的增加和吡咯沉积时间的延长,PPy/UHMWPE纤维表面剪切强度先增大后减小;随着处理温度的升高,PPy/UHMWPE纤维表面剪切强度先增大,当处理温度超过85℃时,其剪切强度则减小。     

超高分子量聚乙烯纤维的表面处理及其复合材料的性能

超高分子量聚乙烯纤维（UHMWPE）具有优良的力学性能，但其表面具有惰性和光滑性；利用酸腐蚀、紫外接枝等方法对UHMWPE纤维进行表面改性处理；处理后进行单丝拔出试验，其拔出载荷可提高许多；以环氧树脂为基体采用模压成型工艺制备复合材料板材，不同表面处理的纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料的弯曲强度测试值相差较大，分析了材料弯曲强度变化的原因。     

BF表面改性对BF/竹/木复合材料胶合性能的影响

木质复合材料的胶合性能是结构用材使用过程中的重要参数,使用硅烷偶联剂KH550、等离子体(PL)、马来酸酐(MA)、盐酯刻蚀(AE)和上述方法的组合对玄武岩纤维(BF)表面进行改性,以促进玄武岩纤维增强竹木复合材料的胶合性能。研究结果表明,对玄武岩纤维增强表面进行上述方法的组合处理效果较佳,BF/竹/木复合材料胶合性能影响依次为MA550PL550AE550KH550。其中:KH550和马来酸酐接枝组合处理后,复合材料的竹-纤维胶层的剪切强度达到8.64MPa,木-纤维胶层剪切强度达到8.47 MPa;竹-纤维胶层KH550和马来酸酐接枝组合处理后比只经过KH550处理的提高了50.45%,木-纤维胶层无纤维剥离。     

洋麻纤维的表面改性及其在聚丙烯基复合材料中的应用

采用碱处理、偶联剂处理以及碱–偶联剂复合处理对洋麻纤维进行表面改性,然后将其与聚丙烯(PP)纤维复合,采用非织造–模压工艺制备了PP/洋麻纤维复合材料。研究了上述3种表面改性方法对洋麻纤维强度及其复合材料弯曲与剪切性能的影响,并采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)研究了洋麻纤维表面改性前后的形貌变化及其与PP基体之间的界面结合状况。结果表明,表面改性后洋麻纤维的拉伸强度均降低,但复合材料的弯曲强度及层间剪切强度均提高,表明这3种改性方法均提高了洋麻纤维与PP之间的界面结合强度;碱处理可去除纤维表面的果胶成分,使纤维束变得松散,使复合材料的弯曲强度及层间剪切强度分别较未表面改性时提高了21%和169%,但弯曲弹性模量降低了21%;偶联剂处理则使复合材料的弯曲强度,弯曲弹性模量和层间剪切强度较未表面改性时提高了23%,7%和160%;碱–偶联剂复合处理兼顾了碱处理和偶联剂处理的优点,使复合材料弯曲强度、弯曲弹性模量和层间剪切强度分别较未表面改性时提高了26%,18%和572%,综合性能最佳。SEM结果表明,碱–偶联剂复合处理后,复合材料中纤维与树脂之间的界面结合较好。     

低温等离子体对ＰＢＯ纤维表面改性的研究

 为提高ＰＢＯ纤维／环氧树脂复合材料的剪切强度,采用低温等离子体结合涂层技术对聚对苯撑苯并双唑（ＰＢＯ）纤维进行表面改性,分别用ＳＥＭ、ＩＲ对等离子体处理前后纤维表面形态、化学结构进行了表征,通过复合材料层间剪切强度测试,研究不同处理方式对复合材料层间剪切强度的影响。结果表明,等离子体处理后纤维表面粗糙度增加,极性增强。经低温等离子体结合涂层技术处理后,ＰＢＯ纤维／环氧树脂复合材料的层间剪切强度得到显著提高,较未处理样品提高了３９％。     

Enzyme‐mediated grafting of acrylamide to ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fiber: A novel radical initiation system

The enzyme‐mediated grafting of acrylamide (AM) to ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fibers using horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was demonstrated. To optimize the reaction condition, the concentrations of monomer, H₂O₂, the initiator, and time were varied. The grafting results were discussed and a reaction mechanism was proposed. Function groups and structural change of the graft copolymer were determined by FTIR spectroscopic and scanning electron microscopy micrographs for proof of grafting and the results were discussed. Results show that the surface of treated fiber becomes rougher than the untreated surface. Compared to unmodified fiber, modified fiber surface had significantly increased the interfacial shear strength, and carbonyl‐stretching regions in the IR spectra. The interfacial shear strength of the UHMWPE fiber increased, clearly indicating that enzymatic‐grafted acrylamide could significantly increase the hydrophilicity of the surfaces of UHMWPE fibers. Moreover, the hydrophilicity of treated fiber depends on the monomer concentration, the initiator concentration, and oxidizing agent concentration as well as the time of the reaction. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 1011–1016, 2005     

Amino‐functionalization of carbon fibers through electron‐beam irradiation technique

Amino‐functinonalized carbon fibers were achieved via electron‐beam (EB) irradiation in Diethylenetriamine (DETA) solution and triethylene tetramine (TETA) solution at 200 kGy. Different graft monomer concentrations were investigated to find the optimal concentration of each graft monomer. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy were applied to investigate chemical composition and functional groups, topography and disorder degree of amino‐functionalized carbon fibers surface. Meanwhile, adsorption ability and interfacial adhesion between modified carbon fibers and epoxy resin were determined by TGA and interlaminar shear strength (ILSS). It is found that amino‐functionalized carbon fibers which had rougher and more active surface performed better adsorption ability on epoxy resin than untreated fibers. The optimal ILSS values of carbon fiber (treated with DETA and TETA) reinforced composites were 21.37 MPa and 18.28 MPa, which were much higher than that of untreated fiber reinforced composites. The comprehensive results demonstrated that in this condition, the optimal grafting concentrations of both DETA and TETA were 1.5 mol/L. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 40274.     

血液过滤用熔喷PBT非织造布紫外辐照接枝改性研究

研究了血液过滤用熔喷PBT非织造布的紫外辐照气相接枝改性方法。通过实验选择了丙烯酸(AAc)为接枝单体 ,探讨光照时间、预辐照时间、单体温度、引发剂浓度、氮气压力对接枝率和表面润湿张力的影响 ,结果得到最佳的紫外辐照接枝条件为 :室温下 ,光距 2 0cm ,预浸 10min ,二苯甲酮 (BP) 0 .0 37mol/L ,冲入单体的氮气流量 87.5h/L ,反应时间 30min。PBT非织造布AAc紫外辐照接枝后表面润湿张力可以达到 85mN/m左右 ,且表面润湿张力随接枝率的提高而增加     

Surface modification of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fibers by γ-radiation-induced grafting

A technique for grafting acrylic polymers on the surface of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fibers utilizing ⁶⁰Co gamma radiation at low dose rates and low total dose has been developed. Unlike some of the more prevalent surface modification schemes, this technique achieves surface grafting with complete retention of the exceptional UHMWPE fiber mechanical properties. In particular, poly(butyl acrylate) and poly(cyclohexyl methacrylate) were successfully grafted onto UHMWPE fibers with no loss in tensile properties. The surface and tensile properties of the fibers were evaluated using Fourier transform infrared/photoacoustic spectroscopy (FTIR/PAS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and tensile tests. The reinforcement efficiency of untreated, polymer-grafted, and plasma-treated UHMWPE fibers in polystyrene and a poly(styrene-co-butyl acrylate-co-cyclohexyl methacrylate) statistical terpolymer was characterized using mechanical tensile tests. The thermoplastic matrix composites were prepared with 4 wt% discontinuous (10 mm), randomly distributed UHMWPE fibers. An approximate 30% increase in composite strength and modulus was observed for poly(cyclohexyl methacrylate)-grafted fibers in the terpolymer and polystyrene matrices. A comparable improvement was realized with the plasma-treated fibers. On the other hand, poly(butyl acrylate) grafts induced void formation, i.e. energy dissipation through plastic deformation and volume expansion at the fiber/matrix interface in terpolymer composites. The latter resulted in a 75% increase in the elongation to failure. The effect of polymer grafts on fiber/matrix adhesion is discussed in terms of the graft and matrix chain interactions and solubility, graft chain mobility, and fracture surface characteristics as determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).     

Surface modification of UHMWPE fibers by ozone treatment and UV grafting for adhesion improvement

In this study, the surface of ultra-high-molecular-weight-polyethylene (UHMWPE) fibers was modified by ozone pretreatment, followed by ultraviolet (UV) grafting, to enhance the interfacial properties of UHMWPE fibers/rubber composites. The fibers were first pretreated by ozone to introduce oxygen-functional groups. The graft polymerization of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) onto the ozone-treated fibers was implemented by UV irradiation. The effects of time and GMA concentration on the grafting efficiency were investigated. The modified fibers were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS). The XPS and FTIR results revealed that GMA was successfully grafted onto the fibers with epoxy groups. SEM images confirmed that a continuous layer of poly-(GMA) (PGMA) was grafted onto the fibers. The interfacial adhesion force of UHMWPE fibers with rubber matrix was characterized by H pullout testing, which showed that the maximum force the fibers/rubber composites increased by 79% over that of the untreated fibers.     

紫外辐照交联改性UHMWPE纤维的研究

选取不同生产阶段的超高相对分子质量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)纤维进行紫外辐照交联改性,探讨了正庚烷浸泡时间、交联剂浓度、紫外辐照时间等因素对交联效果、纤维力学性能及蠕变性能的影响.结果表明:UHMWPE纤维在正庚烷中的最佳浸泡时间为48 h;紫外光最佳辐照改性时间为6 min;与初生纤维和成品纤维相比,相同改性条件下冻胶纤...     

The effect of interface modification between POM and PTFE on the properties of POM/PTFE composites

A plasma technique was applied to modify the surface of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) fiber to improve the compatibility between PTFE and polyacetal (POM). This technique used argon (Ar) plasma to treat PTFE fiber first and then grafting the fiber with acrylic acid (AAc) by peroxidation. The Ar plasma‐treated PTFE (PPTFE) fiber and AAc‐grafted PPTFE (AAc‐g‐PPTFE) fiber were added into POM to increase the wear resistance and to decrease the friction coefficient of POM. The variables of the experiments were plasma treatment time, monomer concentration of AAc, and grafting time. The graft copolymer was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The stress–strain behavior, impact strength, Taber wear factor, friction coefficient, and morphology of composites were also investigated. The properties of POM/PTFE composites could be successful modified by surface modification of PTFE in this investigation. The impact strength of POM/AAc‐g‐PPTFE composites was more than twice of that of POM/PTFE composites. The Taber wear factor and friction coefficient of POM/AAc‐g‐PPTFE composites decreased markedly. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 78: 800–807, 2000     

Structure and properties of UHMWPE fiber/carbon fiber hybrid composites

Ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fiber/carbon fiber hybrid composites were prepared by inner‐laminar and interlaminar hybrid way. The mechanical properties, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and morphologies of the composites were investigated and compared with each other. The results show that the hybrid way was the major factor to affect mechanical and thermal properties of hybrid composites. The resultant properties of inner‐laminar hybrid composite were better than that of interlaminar hybrid composite. The bending strength, compressive strength, and interlaminar shear strength of hybrid composites increased with an increase in carbon fiber content. The impact strength of inner‐laminar hybrid composite was the largest (423.3 kJ/m²) for the UHMWPE fiber content at 43 wt % to carbon fiber. The results show that the storage modulus (E′), dissipation factor (tan δ), and loss modulus (E″) of the inner‐laminar hybrid composite shift toward high temperature remarkably. The results also indicate that the high‐performance composite with high strength and heat resistance may be prepared by fibers' hybrid. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 1880–1884, 2006     

超高分子质量聚乙烯纤维黏结强度增强方法研究

为提高超高分子质量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)纤维复合材料中纤维与树脂基体之间的界面黏结强度,提出通过不同质量分数的硅烷偶联剂KH-570处理纳米SiO_2对UHMWPE纤维进行表面改性。对改性处理后的纤维与乙烯基酯树脂进行黏结强度试验,发现硅烷偶联剂处理纳米SiO_2能有效提高纤维的界面黏结强度,同时使纤维保持一定的断裂强度。