声波测量在搅拌釜中固体颗粒临界悬浮转速测定的应用

基于声发射测量技术,结合声信号的频谱分析、小波分解和R/S分析,获得了代表颗粒运动的特征信号频段（d₁、d₂频段）。同时,根据声波特征信号频段能量随搅拌转速的规律性变化,以固体颗粒碰撞壁面产生信号高频区域的声能量分率值为特征参数,提出了搅拌釜临界悬浮转速的测量判据,即声能量分率快速减少并开始趋于稳定时所对应的搅拌转速为临界悬浮转速。以水-玻璃珠体系为例,与目测法相比,声波法测量值的平均相对误差为3.51%,具有较高的精度。利用经典的Zweitering临界悬浮转速计算公式对声波法测得的实验数据进行拟合,计算值与测量值之间的平均相对误差为3.17%,表明公式对于临界悬浮转速的计算具有较高的准确性。由此获得了一种快速、准确、安全的搅拌釜反应器临界悬浮转速测量技术,有利于工业生产流程的优化和控制。     

基于Hilbert-Huang变换的搅拌釜临界悬浮转速的声发射测量

基于声发射测量技术,结合Hilbert-Huang变换（HHT）,分析搅拌釜壁声发射信号,获得了代表浆液运动的特征频段(20～230 kHz),以特征频段对声信号进行重构。同时,以重构信号能量为特征参数,根据其随搅拌转速的规律性变化,提出了搅拌釜临界悬浮转速的测量判据,即重构信号能量由上升转向平稳时所对应的搅拌转速为临界悬浮转速。与目测法相比,该方法平均相对误差为3.83%,具有较高的精度。进一步,发现外循环加强了搅拌釜内轴向流动,有利于固体悬浮,从而使临界分散转速变小,并建立了外循环搅拌釜临界悬浮转速的预测关联式,平均相对误差为5.78%。由此获得了一种快速、准确、安全的临界悬浮转速的测量技术,有利于工业生产流程的优化和控制。     

气液搅拌釜泛点转速的声波测量

通过对采集的搅拌釜中声信号的频谱分析、小波分解和R/S分析,获得了代表气液体系运动的特征信号频段（d₄、d₅、d₆频段）,针对声波特征信号频段能量随搅拌转速的规律性变化,提出了搅拌釜泛点转速的声波测量判据,即声能量分率快速增加并开始趋于稳定时所对应的搅拌转速为泛点转速。以空气-水体系为例,考察了不同通气量和静液位高度下的泛点转速,发现泛点转速随通气量的增加而增加,随静液位高度的增加而减小。与目测法相比,声波法测量值的平均相对误差为2.62%,优于传统的功耗法。由此获得了一种快速、准确、安全的搅拌釜反应器泛点转速测量技术,具有良好的工业应用前景。     

三轴搅拌釜不同桨径比下固-液悬浮特性的数值模拟

利用FLUENT软件对不同桨径比下立式三轴搅拌釜内单相和固-液两相混合过程分别进行三维数值模拟,对流场分析可知增大桨径比能改善立式三轴搅拌釜内流场的结构。利用修正速度判据得出不同桨径比下搅拌釜的临界悬浮转速,并通过计算临界悬浮转速下的搅拌功率,初步得出立式三轴搅拌釜桨径比的最佳取值范围在0.1～0.125之间。     

侧伸式搅拌槽固液悬浮性能

采用f2 m′4.2 m侧伸式搅拌槽,研究了搅拌桨安装位置、通气速率、固体颗粒浓度和液位高度对侧伸式搅拌槽颗粒悬浮性能的影响. 结果表明,搅拌轴水平偏转角对功率准数的影响很小,均布式为侧伸式搅拌槽搅拌桨的最佳排布方式,最佳偏转角bopt=10o;临界转速NJS最小值出现在搅拌桨伸入长度/搅拌桨直径比L/d=1.44处;降低搅拌桨安装高度h为0.75d左右,相比于传统的h=1.5d可减少约30%能耗;液位高度/搅拌槽直径比H/T<0.5时,NJS随H的升高而迅速增大. 得到了通气量QV与NJS的关系式NJSG-NJS=1.46QV1.15和固相浓度w对NJS影响的关系式NJSμw0.27.     

声发射信号分析与旋风分离器内颗粒粒径测量

采用声发射检测技术,在颗粒碰撞壁面产生声发射信号的机理上,结合小波算法,建立旋风分离器中固相颗粒粒径的声发射预测模型。在旋风分离器中,分别考察4种不同粒径的活性炭颗粒在0.137,0.214,0.296 m/s3个气相条件下的声发射信号,在流态稳定情况下,在0—500 k Hz采样频率范围内对声发射信号做二阶Daubechies9尺度小波分解,得到代表固体颗粒粒径的特征频段。实验发现特征频段下的声发射信号能量与气相速度的二次方、固相颗粒粒径存在线性关系。固相颗粒粒径的声发射模型的计算值与实际测量值之间的平均相对误差为14.3%,表明声发射技术能够实现固相颗粒粒径的准确、非侵入式的实时在线测量。     

搅拌釜中自浮颗粒的三相搅拌混合问题

考察了釜径386mm的搅拌釜内52种搅拌桨组合对自浮颗粒的气液回三相搅拌混合的功率消耗、气含率和釜底颗粒含量的影响．研究表明,自浮颗粒的悬浮行为与下沉颗粒有很大区别,对自浮颗粒三相体系的搅拌混合应采用多层桨,且上层最好用上推式桨．实验发现,当高径比为1．6时,三层桨的混合参数优于两层桨,确定了优异的搅拌桨型．     

搅拌釜内液固悬浮体系的浓度分布

在120°锥底、内径为φ700mm、φ250mm 的有机玻璃釜中,采用直接取样称重法研究了液固系搅拌釜内桨的结构、桨的位置及转速、固含量、物系性质等因素对釜内固相浓度分布的影响,同时用两区沉降扩散模型对实验数据进行分析,得到了固相悬浮质量与操作条件的关系,并提出了均匀悬浮的判据,为放大设计搅拌反应器提供了可行的理论依据。     

声波的多尺度分解与搅拌釜中浆液浓度的测量

利用声发射检测技术,根据固体和液体碰撞壁面产生不同频率的声发射信号的机理,结合小波分析,建立了搅拌釜中浆液浓度的预测模型,模型可以定量描述特征频段的声能量值随浆液浓度和搅拌转速的变化规律.以水-沙子体系为例,分别考察了浆液浓度为0～0.4 g·ml^-1、搅拌转速为350～550 r·min^-1条件下的声发射信号.实验发现,在完全悬浮的条件下,将声发射信号在0～30 kHz频率范围内作8尺度小波分解,第4、5、6等3个频段的声发射信号的能量值之和随浆液浓度的增加线性增加,随转速的增加呈三次方关系增加.而浆液浓度预测模型的计算值与实验值之间的平均相对误差为7.62%.研究表明,声发射检测技术能快速、准确地实现浆液浓度的在线检测.     

改进CBY桨搅拌釜内单相流体流动与传热特性研究

使用计算流体力学软件FLUENT(V6.3)对自行设计的开槽式翼型搅拌桨—CBY-H桨搅拌釜内单相体系的流动性能进行了数值研究,采用多重参考系法(MRF)和RNG k-ε湍流模型模拟搅拌釜内液体的流动情况,并将研究结果与标准的CBY桨的轴流特性进行了对比。结果表明,CBY-H桨可提高流体轴流循环性能,在桨叶下方和桨叶区流体的轴向速度比CBY桨大,高速运动的流体区域覆盖范围更广,釜内速度分布更均匀。同时CBY-H桨消耗的功率低于CBY桨,节能18.4%。论文还进行了传热实验研究,发现CBY-H桨的釜内对流传热系数略大于CBY桨,获得了传热系数Nu的关联式。     

Resolution of structure characteristics of AE signals in multiphase flow system—From data to information

This investigation was performed to study the underlying structure characteristics of acoustic emission (AE) signals, which could be helpful not only to understand a relatively complete picture of hydrodynamics in multiphase flow systems, but also to extract the most useful information from the original signals with respect to a particular measurement requirement. However, due to AE signals are made up of emission from many acoustic sources at different scales, the resolution of AE signals is often very complicated and appears to be relatively poorly researched. In this study, the structure characteristics of AE signals measured both in gas–solid fluidized bed and liquid–solid stirred tank were researched in detail by resorting to wavelet transform and rescaled range analysis. A general criterion was proposed to resolve AE signals into three physical‐related characteristic scales, i.e., microscale, mesoscale, and macroscale. Multiscale resolution of AE signals implied that AE signals in microscale represented totally the dynamics of solid phase and could be applied to measure particle‐related properties. Furthermore, based on the structure characteristics of AE signals, useful features related to particles motion were extracted to establish two new prediction models, one for on‐line measurements of particle size distribution (PSD) and average particle size in gas–solid fluidized bed and the other for on‐line measurement of the suspension height in liquid–solid stirred tank. The prediction results indicated that (1) measurements of PSD and average particle size using AE method showed a fairly good agreement with that using sieve method both for laboratory scale and plant scale fluidized beds, and (2) measurements of the suspension height using AE method showed a fairly good agreement with that using visual method. The results thus validated that the extracted features based on analyses of structure characteristics of AE signals were very useful for establishing effective on‐line measurement models with respect to some particular applications. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009     

干燥过程中颗粒湿含量的检测

引言 干燥是流程工业中重要的单元操作,是众多产品生产的关键步骤,在医药化工、食品、矿产加工、农产品加工等领域都有涉及[1-4].干燥效果的好坏不仅决定了生产单元的能耗,还会对产品的性能、形态、质量等产生影响.研究干燥过程的目的在于控制过程参数(包括干燥时间、进出口温度、风速等),对物料进行适度干燥,以使产品的湿度、质量等指标达到要求.在过程参数的设定过程中,干燥时间的控制(或称为干燥终点的确定)是影响产品质量最为关键的环节之一.     

声波信号多尺度分解与固体颗粒质量流率的测定

利用声发射检测技术，根据不同速度的颗粒撞击壁面产生不同能量的声发射信号，结合小波分析，建立了单粒径颗粒质量流率预测模型，该模型可以定量描述颗粒质量流率随特征频段的声发射信号能量与表观气速的变化规律。以空气-聚乙烯颗粒体系为例，分别考察了0.84、0.59、0.42、0.21 mm 4种线性低密度聚乙烯颗粒，在表观气速为4.62～6.35 m·s-1条件下的声发射信号。在考察的气速范围内，在0～500 kHz频率范围内对声发射信号做7尺度的小波分解，发现特征频段的声发射信号能量与表观气速平方之比和固体颗粒的质量流率呈线性关系。同时，基于单粒径颗粒质量流率预测模型，根据混合颗粒声发射能量为各单一粒径颗粒声发射能量的线性叠加，得到混合颗粒的质量流率预测模型，模型的计算值与称重法获得的质量流率相比，平均相对误差为4.15%，表明声发射检测技术能便捷、快速、准确、环保地实现循环管内颗粒质量流率的在线检测。     

Design factors affecting the dynamic performance of soil suspension in an agitated,baffled tank

The effects of particle size, impeller clearance and impel er speed are assessed to show how condition variations influence power consumption in the water-solid slurry suspension in an agitated tank. The energy efficiency of slurry height variation, impel er type and diameter, and solid movement speed has been investigated with six soil series stirred in a soil-water slurry. Coarser sand particles are observed to significantly increase power consumption, while finer particles, for instance clay, decrease the stirring power requirement. The 3-blade HR100 SUPERMIX? impeller manufactured by SATAKE general y performs more efficiently than a conventional 4-pitched blade turbine. The impeller's geometric design, including diameter and number of blades influences the impeller's energy efficiency, and HR100 impellers with greater diameters remarkably reduce power consumption. The tests demonstrated that the power required to provide off-bottom solid suspension and solid dispersion can be reduced dramatically by increasing the slurry height rather than by accelerating the impel er, if this option is possible.     

Acoustic emission detection of slag performance in coal gasifiers

This work first investigated the detection of slags, slag pool liquid level, and slag accumulation height in laboratory scale based on acoustic emission (AE) detection, and further tried the feasibility of this method in an industrial scale coal gasifier. Results show that the energy and variance of acoustic signals can realize the accurate detection of large slag (criterion: E > 1.5E₀, S > 1.2S₀), and the average relative error is only 0.28%. The acoustic energy in the frequency range of 20-40 kHz is defined as the characteristic energy, which can realize the accurate detection of slag accumulation height and slag pool liquid level, and the average relative error is only 3.94%. Furthermore, AE detection also realize accurate detection of large slag in an industrial scale gasifier and the acoustic signals at slag screen can be used to realize the early warning of the slag collapse (5 h earlier).     

丙烯聚合卧式搅拌床反应器中持料量的检测

利用单点声发射检测技术,根据颗粒撞击壁面产生声信号的机理,建立了卧式搅拌床反应器内持料量的预测模型,该模型可以定量描述单点声能量随床层持料量的变化规律.在搅拌转速、吹气量等条件保持不变时,以空气-聚丙烯颗粒体系为例,在冷模装置中考察了床层持料量在11.5～23 kg条件下单点声发射信号的变化情况.实验发现,单点声信号能...