各组分对SOFC硼酸盐封接玻璃系统的影响

以BaO-Al2O3-B2O3-SiO2封接玻璃体系为主要研究对象,研究氧化钡、二价金属氧化物和硼硅比等对封接玻璃系统的影响.BaO能使封接玻璃结构较疏松并降低其粘度,同时热膨胀系数随着BaO含量的增加呈上升的趋势,而封接玻璃转变温度Tg和软化温度Ts则随BaO含量的增加呈下降的趋势;B2O3/SiO2摩尔比分别为0.35、0.4、0.5和0.6时,封接玻璃的TEC随着B2O3/SiO2的增大而逐渐减小,Tg和Ts随着B2O3的增多而显著降低;但是当B2O3/SiO2比大于0.5时,比例对Tg和Ts的影响较小,Tg和Ts温度下降的趋势逐渐平缓下来;在体系中引入RO(R=Ca,Zn)会使封接玻璃的Tg朝高温方向偏移,同时也能使封接玻璃的析晶温度退后,但不利于封接玻璃的长期稳定性.     

La^3＋掺杂无碱铝硼硅酸盐玻璃性能的研究

以La2O3-Al2O3-B2O3-SiO2玻璃系统为基础玻璃,用SiO2替代B2O3,通过DTA、IR等测试手段来研究其介电性能、热稳定性、化学稳定性及结构的变化。玻璃红外光谱分析表明,该系统玻璃结构与未掺La2O3玻璃的结构相同;玻璃的DTA曲线表明,随着SiO2替代B2O3含量的增加,玻璃的软化点增高,析晶温度升高,玻璃的热稳定性得到增强;同时随着替代量的增加,玻璃的耐酸耐碱性也得到提高;介电常数及介电损耗在SiO2/B2O3=2.7时出现极小值。     

P2O5-BaO-Nb2O5三元系统玻璃的形成及性能的研究

研究P2O5－BaO-Nb2O5三元系统的玻璃形成区,给出了该三元系统玻璃形成范围。结果发现该系统在网络形成体P2O5的摩尔分数仅为20％,Nb2O5的摩尔分数为30％,BaO的摩尔分数为50％的成分点仍成玻璃。讨论了Nb2O5在系数中的作用以及部分玻璃的着色问题。熔制了BaO的摩尔分数恒定为50％的（50－x)P2O5-xNb2O5-50BaO(x=0,1,10,25,30)和Nb2O5的摩尔分数恒定为10％的yP2O5-10Nb2O5-(90-y)BaO(y=40,50,60,70)玻璃。测定了其折射率、Abbe数、非线性折射率、转变温度、析晶温度、熔化温度、氧原子摩尔体积及密度和组成之间的关系,并从红外吸收光谱的结果初步探讨该玻璃结构。认为在该系统中Nb2O5的作用介于网络形成体和中间体之间。玻璃着色的原因是Nb^5 被还原。     

高熔点复合氧化物陶瓷的相可控低温烧成

提出以玻璃陶瓷的母体玻璃作为烧结助剂,低温液相烧结复合氧化物陶瓷的技术思路。研究了BaO–Al2O3–SiO2(BAS)玻璃的高温黏流特性和降温析晶特性,以确定其液相烧结工艺。以BAS玻璃作为烧结助剂,由液相烧结制备了Y2Si2O7,Y2SiO5,3Al2O3·2SiO2或La2Zr2O7复合氧化物陶瓷。结果表明:采用钡长石玻璃陶瓷的母体玻璃作为烧结助剂,可实现高熔点复合氧化物陶瓷的低温烧成,能制备以设计的复合氧化物为主晶相,母体玻璃析晶得到钡长石为次晶相的复合氧化物陶瓷。     

La2 O3对SiO2-Al2 O3-CaO-MgO系统玻璃结构与性能的影响

采用高温熔融法制备了SiO2-Al2 O3-CaO-MgO系统玻璃,研究添加La2 O3对SiO2-Al2 O3-CaO-MgO系统玻璃密度、耐碱性、弹性模量以及析晶上限温度的影响,并借助红外光谱对玻璃的结构进行研究。结果表明：随着La2 O3含量从0升高至5wt%,玻璃的网络结构发生改变;玻璃的密度和摩尔体积均增大;玻璃的耐碱性能降低;弹性模量从90.5 GPa增加至93.6 GPa后降低,最大值对应的La2 O3含量为3wt%;析晶上限温度从1224℃降低至1209℃后增加至1212℃,最后趋于不变,在La2 O3添加含量为2wt%时达到最低温度。     

不同氧化物对磷酸盐玻璃结构与性能的影响

在化学组成为40Na 2O·60P2 O 5的基础上,用CaO、MgO取代Na 2O或用Al2 O 3、B 2 O 3和SiO2取代P2 O 5制备5种磷酸盐玻璃体系,用X射线衍射(XRD)和傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)对玻璃结构进行了表征,并测定了该玻璃体系样品的密度、化学稳定性等基本性质。研究发现,用CaO取代Na 2O和Al2 O 3取代P2 O5可以显著改善玻璃的化学稳定性;用SiO2取代P 2 O 5时,玻璃的化学稳定性下降;由于配位问题,B 2O 3和MgO对磷酸盐玻璃结构与性能的影响出现转折点。     

硼硅酸盐生物玻璃的制备及其体外生物活性和降解性

采用熔融法制备了NaO-CaO-SiO2-P2O5-B2O3玻璃,用质量损失分析、pH值测定和X射线衍射、电子显微镜以及电感耦合等离子体离子浓度分析法表征玻璃与稀K2HPO4溶液的类生物反应,研究了这类玻璃的生物活性和生物降解性.结果表明:当玻璃中B2O3/SiO2的摩尔比为3:1时,生物活性较好.随着B2O3与SiO2的摩尔比减小,玻璃的降解速度变慢,获得的羟基磷灰石结晶度较低.利用此特性可控制生物玻璃的降解速度,从而与骨细胞生长速度相匹配.因此,此类硼硅酸盐生物活性玻璃有望在硬组织工程支架材料中得到应用.     

无碱铝硼硅系玻璃结构的红外光谱

用熔融退火方法制备无碱SiO2-B2O3-A12O3-RO(R=Mg,Ca,Sr,Ba)系玻璃.玻璃的成分范围以摩尔计为:SiO2,64.17%～70%;B2O3,7%～14.12%;Al2O3,9.88%～16.94%;RO总量,12%(2.4%MgO,4.8?O,2.4%SrO,2.4?O).用Fourier变换红外光谱研究了上述玻璃系统结构随成分的变化规律,同时,对玻璃结构与热膨胀系数、密度等物理性质的关系也进行了研究.结果表明:在Al含量较高的铝硼硅系玻璃中,B更多的以[BO3]形态存在.随着SiO2和B2O3摩尔比的增大,[BO3]的量有所减少,而热膨胀系数呈增加趋势,密度出现极大值.随着Al2O3和B2O3摩尔比的增大,[BO3]的量出现极值,热膨胀系数也出现极值,密度总体趋势是增加的.铝硼硅系玻璃的热膨胀系数、密度等物理性质与玻璃结构密切相关.     

第二金属对Ni/Al2O3·SiO2催化重整制氢的影响

本文以尿素作为沉淀剂采用沉积-沉降法制备出NiM/Al2O3.SiO2（M=La,Co,Zr和Y）催化剂。研究第二金属La,Co,Zr和Y的添加对Ni/Al2O3.SiO2催化剂上乙醇水蒸气重整制氢性能的影响,结果表明：Co、La或Y能有效的提高Ni/Al2O3.SiO2催化剂的性能。TPR得出：添加La、Y或Zr能促使活性组分分散到载体中。XPS得出：La,Co的添加能极大地提高还原后催化剂表面单质Ni的含量。     

固体可逆接触式微型玻璃电极的成分与性能

体可逆接触式玻璃电极以固体合金代替溶液，可解决常用的液体接触式玻璃电极安全性问题，而且易于微型化。本文研究了固体可逆接触式玻璃电极敏感玻璃所用Li2O—La2O3—Ta2O5—SiO2系统成分及物理化学性质，用La2O3代SiO2对玻璃析晶、软化点、膨胀系数、耐水性和电导率的影响。用所研究成分制成的微型玻璃电极在pH1～7间转换系数96％以上，与pH值对应的响应电势E呈直线关系，有较好的氢离子选择功能，滞后误差小，测定数据的重复性也较好，符合医用微型玻璃电极的性能要求。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。