等离子体苯胺聚合膜离子注入层的电阻率

等离子体苯胺聚合膜经１００ｋｅＶ，５×１０１５Ａｒ＋／ｃｍ２或２４ｋｅＶ，１×１０１６Ｉ＋／ｃｍ２离子注入后，室温电阻率下降１２个数量级。用范德堡（Ｖａｎ－ｄｅｒ－Ｐａｕｗ）法在１７３Ｋ～３０３Ｋ温度范围内，测量了温度对注入层体电阻率的影响。实验表明，注入层内电荷载流子的输运过程可用Ｍｏｔ的可变自由程跳跃（ＶＲＨ）模型给以解释。根据此ＶＲＨ理论得到Ｆｅｒｍｉ能级处的态密度及电荷载流子最可能的跳跃距离。     

Ar~+离子注入Cu及Cu-Cr双层薄膜的表面硬度和电阻性质研究

本文分别对 ２００ｋｅＶＡｒ＋注入 Ｃｕ及 Ｃｕ－Ｃｒ双层的表面硬度和电阻，以及上 述性质的时效效果进行了测量；同时进行了ＴＥＭ分析，发现Ａｒ＋注入Ｃｕ晶粒随剂量 逐渐细化，而Ｃｕ－Ｃｒ双层混合，在１０１７／ｃｍ２Ａｒ＋注入剂量时，ＴＥＭ形貌图出现了 沟纹，为一离子择优溅射效果。此时形成了单一的 Ｃｕ基亚稳相固溶体。经 ２００℃退 火，有孪晶生成，Ｃｒ沉淀析出。     

多层结构中有机薄膜吸收系数的计算

固体膜对光的吸收系数是一个重要的物理量，布格尔－朗伯定律仅适用于无界面影响的内透射情况，从光的反射和透射谱，运用传递矩阵方法，通过光学常数的计算，可以得到吸收系数的正确值。文中将由此得到的等离子体吡咯聚合膜及其１００ｋｅＶａ％／ｒ＾＋辐照层的吸收系数与与由布格尔－郎伯定律直接得到的值进行比较，以了解由界面引起的误差。     

氮硼注入GCr15钢的俄歇分析

用俄歇电子能谱（ＡＥＳ）分析技术对不同剂量Ｎ＋离子注入ＧＣｒ１５钢；Ｂ＋离子单注入；注Ｂ＋离子后再注入Ｎ＋离子、注Ｎ＋离子后再在Ｂ＋离子；以及镀Ｂ后再将Ｎ＋离子注入ＧＣｒ１５钢的注入结果进行了俄歇深度剖面（ＡＥＳ－ＰＲＯ）分析，谱图直观的给出了不同方式注入引起ＧＣｒ１５钢表层组份的变化差异，通过比较解释了耐磨性实验结果。     

溅射气体和基板偏压对溅射Al2O3薄膜内应力和密度的影响

在纯Ａｒ和Ａｒ＋１０％Ｏ２两种工作气体及不同基板偏压条件下，用射频溅射方法制备了Ａｌ２Ｏ３薄膜，测量了每个样品的内应力和密度，并对部分样品用Ｘ射线光电子谱进行了结构分析。结果表明，薄膜呈非晶态，薄膜的应内应力均为压力，并给出了气体种类和偏压对膜的密度和应力的影响。     

结构陶瓷的高温疲劳强度衰减理论

提出了陶瓷材料疲劳强度衰减理论并由此导出了各种疲劳关系式。建立了疲劳基本方程ｄσ＿ｒ／ｄ＿ｉ＝一Ａσ（ｔ）￣ｎｔ￣（－ｍ），得出了疲劳寿命公式Ｔ＝Ｍ（σ＿０－σ）／Ａσ￣ｎ（静疲劳时Ｍ＝１，连续增载疲劳时Ｍ＝ｎ＋１，循环疲劳时Ｍ＝（ｎ＋１）／（１＋Ｒ＋Ｒ￣２＋……＋Ｒ￣ｎ），逐级加载时，并导出不同疲劳方式下疲劳寿命间的关系。同时，用多种Ｓｉ＿３Ｎ＿４材料在高温中作了论证试验，结果与理论一致。     

机械合金化制备高性能NdFe10.5Mo1.5Nx永磁粉

采用氩一氩等离子体电弧制备近球形或近正六边形纳米Ｎｄ、Ｆｅ、Ｍｏ粉末。以纳米Ｎｄ、Ｆｅ、Ｍｏ粉末为原料在高纯Ａｒ保护下进行机械合金化形成非晶和纳米晶α－Ｆｅ,然后在７００￣８００℃晶化２ｈ通过固态相变得到ＴｈＭｎ１２型结构的Ｎｄ、（Ｆｅ,Ｍｏ）１２,最后经４５０℃氮化２ｈ得到优异永磁性能的Ｎｄ（Ｆｅ,Ｍｏ）１２Ｎｘ粉末,Ｂｒ达０．８５￣．９８Ｔ（８．５￣９．８ｋＧｓ）,Ｈｅ达５５７．２￣７２４．４     

约瑟夫森结Nb电极的实验研究

通过溅射Ｎｂ膜张力与氩（Ａｒ）压强的关系，超导转变温度Ｔｃ，室温阻抗与液氮温度阻抗比ＲＲＴ／ＲＬＮ２，沉积中Ａｒ浓度ＣＡｒ与负偏压关系的测量和扫描电子显微镜的观察分析，对约瑟夫森结Ｎｂ电极作了研究。发现Ａｒ压强在１．１Ｐａ时，Ｎｂ膜呈现无应力状态；低负偏压下沉积的Ｎｂ膜晶粒结构是由致密膜到圆柱状。在偏压Ｕｂ＝－５０Ｖ时，获得表面致密均匀、晶粒结构合适的Ｎｂ膜。对Ｎｂ膜用阳极氧化电压谱图（ＡＶＳ）分     

四元共聚物不同形态结构分析EI

采用一步聚合、二步聚合一次乳化和二步聚合二步乳化３种不同方法，合成了共聚物（ＰＳ－ＰＭＭＡ）／（Ｐｎ－ＢＡ－ＰＡＡ），并结合该共聚物的ＤＳＣ图谱与ＴＥＭ照片，比较它们的不同结构形态。同时比较了该共聚物组分间相互作用参数χ１２与临界相互作用参数（χ１２）ｃｒ的大小，估算它们之间的相容性。测试表明，核壳ＩＰＮ结构形态共聚物具有最佳膜性能。     

离子束辅助沉积对Si3N4力学性能的影响

将氮化硅陶瓷的样品经过抛光、清洗、退火等处理后，用离子束辅助沉积（ＩＢＡＤ），离子注入对其进行表面处理，所选用元素为Ｔｉ。辅助轰击的离子为Ａｒ＋和Ｔｉ＋，能量为１００ＫｅＶ；注入离子能量为８０ＫｅＶ和１００ＫｅＶ，注入剂量范围为１０１６至１０１７Ｔｉ／ｃｍ２。用Ｘ射线衍射法和ＡＥＳ对样品的结构和Ｔｉ的深度分布进行了测试，发现注入样品的晶格结构遭到了一定程度的破坏，并且有ＴｉＮ等新相析出。ＩＢＡＤ样品的抗弯强度增加较大，比未处理样品提高９％。注入样品的抗弯强度值随剂量增加而逐步增加。注入样品的显微硬度和断裂韧性随剂量的增加而下降     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Friction Stir Processing Strategies for Uniform Distribution of Reinforcement in a Surface Composite

Friction stir processing (FSP) is an important technique for preparing surface composites. Fabricating defect-free surface composites with uniform particle distribution by FSP is a challenging task. In this study, silicon carbide particles reinforced AA5083 alloy surface composites was fabricated using different FSP strategies including variation in process parameters, dual-tool processing and tool offset overlapping. Material flow of the processed material with reinforcement particles demonstrated that the distribution of particles was influenced by the stirring action of the probe as well as the extrusion of the plasticized material due to the movement of the tool. Process parameters, particularly rotational speed, showed a dominant influence on the distribution of silicon carbide particles.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.