Ni/MgO催化剂下碳纳米管的生长特性

采用射频等离子体增强化学气相沉积法(RF-PECVD),以Ni/MgO为催化剂,在Si基片上生长了碳纳米管,采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、Raman光谱以及高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)等对不同的MgO含量下制备的碳纳米管形貌及结构进行了表征。结果表明,随着MgO含量的增加,从碳纳米洋葱转化为碳纳米管,其直径逐渐变小、均匀,碳纳米管纯度提高,结晶性能越好;碳纳米管顶端形成开口或闭口的碳洋葱纳米结构,而管的主干区域则存在催化剂,并且随着MgO含量的增加,呈现纳米颗粒转化为纳米线的趋势;MgO含量为50%时,部分碳纳米管的外壁剥离,形成了单原子石墨层,长度达到7nm,并在碳纳米管内部填充了Ni纳米线,其长度有60nm。     

乙醇化学气相沉积法制备多壁碳纳米管

介绍了采用浮动催化剂法,利用乙醇化学气相沉积法制备多壁碳纳米管。采用二茂铁作为催化剂先体,乙醇作为碳源,利用石英基底收集产物。催化剂先体二茂铁的蒸汽在载气的作用下被带到高温区(800℃),二茂铁在高温区分解形成铁纳米催化剂颗粒,这些催化剂颗粒催化生长出多壁碳纳米管。利用扫描电子显微镜、(高分辨)透射电子显微镜对制备的多壁碳纳米管都进行了表征。实验结果表明,制备的多壁碳纳米管均匀性好,石墨化程度较高。     

乙醇化学气相沉积法制备多壁碳纳米管

介绍了采用浮动催化剂法,利用乙醇化学气相沉积法制备多壁碳纳米管.采用二茂铁作为催化剂先体,乙醇作为碳源,利用石英基底收集产物.催化剂先体二茂铁的蒸汽在载气的作用下被带到高温区(800℃),二茂铁在高温区分解形成铁纳米催化剂颗粒,这些催化剂颗粒催化生长出多壁碳纳米管.利用扫描电子显微镜、(高分辨)透射电子显微镜对制备的多壁碳纳米管都进行了表征.实验结果表明,制备的多壁碳纳米管均匀性好,石墨化程度较高.     

碳纳米管的大面积合成及磁性(英文)

通过溶胶凝胶法和氢气还原法制备出Co纳米颗粒并以此作为催化剂材料,通过催化裂解苯的方法,实现了较低温度(460℃)下在Co纳米颗粒表面上合成碳纳米管。采用X射线衍射、激光喇曼光谱、场发射扫描电镜、透射电子显微镜和振动样品磁强计对所合成的碳纳米材料进行了表征。通过优化实验参数,可制备出最大产率和纯度分别为约50和98.02%(质量分数)的碳纳米管。由于铁磁性Co纳米颗粒的进入,使得整个复合物表现出比较好的磁性能。和以往以苯作为碳源合成碳纳米材料相比,此合成方案简单、成本低,且对环境无任何危害,非常适用于磁性碳纳米复合物的批量合成。     

准直碳纳米管的非均匀生长研究

用CH4,NH3 和H2 为反应气体,利用等离子体增强热丝化学气相沉积在沉积有Ta缓冲层和Ni催化剂层的Si衬底上制备了准直碳纳米管,并用扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜对它们进行了研究.结果发现,尽管碳纳米管在相同的生长条件下生长在同样的衬底上,其直径和长度仍不同, 表明它们是非均匀生长.应用有关热力学理论研究了碳纳米管生长的非均匀性,结果表明,碳纳米管的非均匀生长是由催化剂颗粒的大小不同所致.     

硅基底表面上多种形态碳纳米管的生长

以Fe/Ru双金属纳米颗粒为催化剂,在含有一层自然氧化层的硅基底上制备单分散碳纳米管,并用原子力显微镜进行表征。实验结果表明在同一基底上碳纳米管具有多种形态,如环形、树枝状分叉形、锥形,单根和成束等。这种多种形态碳纳米管的出现,为更进一步了解碳纳米管的生长机制以及对控制碳纳米管制备有着重要意义。     

乙醇化学气相沉积法制备多壁碳纳米管

介绍了采用浮动催化剂法，利用乙醇化学气相沉积法制备多壁碳纳米管。采用二茂铁作为催化剂先体，乙醇作为碳源，利用石英基底收集产物。催化剂先体二茂铁的蒸汽在载气的作用下被带到高温区（800℃），二茂铁在高温区分解形成铁纳米催化剂颗粒，这些催化剂颗粒催化生长出多壁碳纳米管。利用扫描电子显微镜、（高分辨）透射电子显微镜对制备的多壁碳纳米管都进行了表征。实验结果表明，制备的多壁碳纳米管均匀性好，石墨化程度较高。     

多壁碳纳米管定向生长参数的研究

研究了利用微波等离子体化学气相沉积法制备碳纳米管时各种工艺参数的影响。在化学气相沉积中催化剂起着至关重要的作用,为分析催化剂对碳纳米管生长情况的影响,采用常用的催化剂Fe和Ni作对比实验,并利用扫描电子显微镜表征手段分析不同催化层对碳纳米管生长情况的影响,发现使用Fe催化层在较高温度下,碳纳米管生长形貌较Ni催化层要好。而沉积温度在制备碳纳米管的过程中也起这重要的作用,所以实验针对不同沉积温度进行碳纳米管生长,结果发现600℃左右温度较适合碳纳米管生长。     

用FeCl_3作催化剂先体制备碳纳米结构

以不同浓度的FeCl3溶液作为催化剂先体,利用乙醇催化燃烧法,在铜片上生长出了碳纳米管和碳纳米纤维。讨论了不同浓度的FeCl3催化剂先体对生长碳纳米材料产物和形貌的影响。利用扫描电镜,透射电镜和喇曼光谱对样品的形貌和结构进行了表征。实验结果表明,随着催化剂先体浓度增大,碳纳米材料产量增大,直径呈现增大趋势,其直径范围也逐渐变大。当催化剂先体浓度为0.01mol/L时,可以制备出直径较小的碳纳米管;当催化剂先体浓度为0.1mol/L时,可以制备出直径分布均匀的碳纳米管与碳纳米纤维的混合物;当催化剂先体浓度为1mol/L时,可以制备出直径分布不均匀的碳纳米纤维。     

用FeCl3作催化剂先体制备碳纳米结构

以不同浓度的FeCl3溶液作为催化剂先体,利用乙醇催化燃烧法,在铜片上生长出了碳纳米管和碳纳米纤维.讨论了不同浓度的FeCl3催化剂先体对生长碳纳米材料产物和形貌的影响.利用扫描电镜,透射电镜和喇曼光谱对样品的形貌和结构进行了表征.实验结果表明,随着催化剂先体浓度增大,碳纳米材料产量增大,直径呈现增大趋势,其直径范围也逐渐变大.当催化剂先体浓度为0.01 mol/L时,可以制备出直径较小的碳纳米管;当催化剂先体浓度为0.1 mol/L时,可以制备出直径分布均匀的碳纳米管与碳纳米纤维的混合物;当催化剂先体浓度为1 mol/L时,可以制备出直径分布不均匀的碳纳米纤维.     

Large‐Scale Synthesis,Annealing, Purification,and Magnetic Properties of Crystalline Helical Carbon Nanotubes with Symmetrical Structures

Crystalline helical carbon nanotubes (HCNTs) are synthesized as the main products in the pyrolysis of acetylene at 450 °C over Fe nanoparticles generated by means of a combined sol–gel/reduction method. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images reveal that there are two HCNTs attached to each Fe₃C nanoparticle, and that the two HCNTs are mirror images of each other. Annealing in Ar at 750 °C and purification by immersion in hot (90 °C) HCl solution do not significantly change the structure of the HCNTs, despite the partial removal of Fe nanoparticles by the latter treatment. The magnetic properties of the as‐prepared, annealed, and purified HCNTs have been systematically examined. The annealed sample shows relatively high magnetization due to the ferromagnetic α‐Fe nanoparticles encapsulated in the HCNT nodes. In the case of HCl treatment, relatively pure HCNTs are obtained by the removal of ferromagnetic nanoparticles from the double‐HCNT nodes. The effects of the amount of catalyst used in the synthesis process on the morphology and yield of the carbon products have also been investigated.     

RF-PECVD法研究碳纳米管的生长特性

采用射频等离子体增强化学气相沉积(RF-PECVD),以Fe作为催化剂,在Si基片上生长了碳纳米管(CNT),采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM),高分辨透射电子显微镜(HR TEM)以及显微Raman光谱等对制备的CNT的形貌及结构进行了表征.结果表明:700℃和800℃温度下生长的CNT均取向无序、弯曲缠结,由整齐排列的圆...     

In situ high temperature TEM observation of interaction between multi-walled carbon nanotube and in situ deposited gold nano-particles

Interaction between multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) and deposited gold nano-particles has been dynamically observed in a 200 kV transmission electron microscope (TEM) using a specimen heating holder. Gold particles with diameters of several tens of microns were mixed with MWNTs to mount on the heating element of a specimen heating holder. The gold particles were instantaneously heated to 1373 K to deposit gold nano-particles on the MWNTs from a very short distance. The MWNTs were then heated to 1073 K to observe interaction between the deposited gold nano-particles and MWNTs. Some gold nano-particles drilled through the wall of the MWNT and entered the capillary space of the MWNTs. To characterize the mechanism of the transition of the gold nano-particles into the capillary space of the MWNT, high resolution TEM observation of the deformed wall of MWNT was also carried out.     

竹节形碳纳米管的制备

采用乙醇催化燃烧法制备竹节形碳纳米管,利用乙醇作为碳源和燃料提供材料生长所需的能量,以Cu薄片作为基底,FeCl3与Fe(NO3)3作为催化剂先体。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、喇曼光谱对黑色絮状的沉积产物进行表征。实验结果表明,产物中的碳纳米管具有较好的竹节形结构,竹节形碳纳米管的形貌和微结构与独特的制备条件有关。并对竹节形碳纳米管的生成机理进行了初步探讨。     

In situ observation of the growth mechanisms of carbon nanotubes under diverse reaction conditions

We report in situ environmental transmission electron microscope observations of the nucleation and growth of multi-wall and single-wall carbon nanotubes formed by the catalytic decomposition of acetylene (C2H2) on Ni/SiO2 catalyst. The growth rate, structure and morphology of the carbon nanotubes formed depended upon reaction temperature and pressure. Under 20-100 mTorr of gas pressures at 480 degrees C, serpentine-shaped or zigzag, multi-wall carbon nanotubes grew at an average rate of 35-40 nm sec(-1). At pressures <10 mTorr at the same temperature, straight single-wall carbon nanotubes with nearly uniform diameters (approximately 3.5 nm) formed at average growth rates of 6-9 nm sec(-1). The growth of both straight and serpentine carbon nanotubes tends to proceed at non-uniform rates, with frequent pauses followed by growth spurts. The nanotubes frequently contained sharp bends that turned the nanotube axis by approximately 60 degrees and approximately 120 degrees. We conjecture that the bends are related to the change in growth direction that is dictated by the crystallographic orientation of the catalyst particle. The rotations of the nanometer-sized catalyst particle may be caused by transient melting-recrystallization events caused by local thermal variations. The nanotube attempts to follow the preferred growth direction, while simultaneously attempting to maintain a seamless 3-coordinated graphene wall. This latter condition is most easily satisfied by the introduction of pentagon-heptagon defect pairs dissociated to the opposite sides of the nanotube creating the 60 degree bend.     

La掺杂BiFeO_3多铁纳米管的制备与性能

采用溶胶-凝胶结合模板的方法制备得到La掺杂BiFeO3(Bi0.94La0.06FeO3(BLF))多铁纳米管,运用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM和HRTEM)以及多功能铁电测试仪对样品进行了形貌表征和铁电性能测试。结果显示:纳米管的外壁光滑,排列有序,外径约为200nm;高分辨透射电子显微镜的测试结果证明BLF纳米管是多晶钙钛矿结构;在测试电压为2 000V时,BLF纳米管剩余极化值Pr达到36.6μC/cm2,矫顽电场Ec为129kV/cm;测试电场为±100kV/cm时,漏电流密度为分别为1.44×10-3和1.63×10-3A/cm2。     

Fe/TiO_2纳米复合物的制备、表征及其性能

采用溶胶-凝胶结合氢气还原方法,制备了Fe与TiO2两相共存的纳米复合物。透射电子显微镜(TEM)图片显示,纳米复合物的颗粒大小为100~300nm,且具有明显的核/壳结构。X射线衍射结果表明,纳米复合物中存在a-Fe与金红石型TiO2结构,未发现其他杂相。振动样品磁强计(VSM)的测量结果表明,样品具有较高的比饱和磁化强度。研究表明,通过控制前驱物的用量,能有效改变样品的磁性。热重分析(TGA)结果表明,样品具备很好的抗氧化性。复合介电谱和磁谱表明,在测量的微波频率范围内,样品的介电损耗大于磁损耗。     

还原温度对纳米FeCo/Al2O3复合薄膜结构和磁性的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶旋涂法和H2还原工艺制备了纳米FeCo/Al2O3复合薄膜.利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、原子力显微镜及振动样品磁强计研究了还原温度对薄膜结构、表面形貌和磁性的影响.结果表明,随着还原温度的升高,薄膜中FeCo的晶粒尺寸和晶格常数变大,薄膜的饱和磁化强度(Ms)也同时增大,其矫顽力(Hc)则先增大,后...