有机聚合物太阳能电池给体材料的研究进展

近年来,有机太阳能电池受到研究人员的广泛关注,并取得了飞速发展。其中,新型聚合物太阳能电池材料的研发取得了突破性进展,促使相应的光伏器件的能量转化效率显著提高。本文主要对用于有机聚合物太阳能电池的聚合物给体材料进行了详细的综述和分析,并对其发展前景作了展望。     

聚亚苯基乙烯衍生物作为电致发光材料的研究进展

含有大共轭体系的聚亚苯基乙烯衍生物具有柔性好、驱动电压低和能带结构可调性等优点,一直是聚合物有机电致发光材料的研究重点。聚亚苯基乙烯衍生物的结构具有多重性,可以通过不同的合成方法获得,材料的设计较为便利。本文主要综述了最近几年来PPV衍生物电致发光材料的研究进展,并对其发展方向及应用前景进行评述。     

基于稠环核的非富勒烯受体材料的光伏研究进展

有机太阳能电池因其生产成本低廉、质轻、易于大面积制备等明显优势,近年来已成为发展最为迅速的研究领域之一。其中,活性层材料是有机太阳能电池研究的基础和关键。在过去几十年当中,富勒烯及其衍生物一直是有机太阳能电池的重要研究方向,但其众多缺点限制了光伏性能的进一步提升。非富勒烯受体材料因分子结构、能级可调,近年,结构新颖、性能优异的非富勒烯受体材料相继被开发出来,掀起了有机太阳能电池领域的又一个研究热潮。通过对近几年基于引达省并二噻吩(ITIC类)受体和基于苯并噻二唑(Y6类)的发展进行综述,并在此基础上,对ITIC类和Y6类有机太阳能电池的研究进行了进一步讨论及展望,以期为未来非富勒烯受体材料的结构设计与优化提供参考思路。     

基于苯并噻二唑稠环核的非富勒烯受体研究进展

大量关于有机光伏电池受体材料研究工作显示,富勒烯受体材料及其衍生物是过去十几年的研究主流,但是其可见光吸收弱,成本较高,形貌稳定性差等缺点明显,而且基于富勒烯受体的有机太阳能电池效率也已接近理论极限,难以有所突破。因此,非富勒烯受体材料的设计合成受到广泛的关注,通过化学结构裁剪,器件工艺不断优化,其与聚合物给体材料所组成的有机光伏电池的效率已超过富勒烯衍生物,近两年报道以非富勒烯类小分子作为受体材料的器件效率不断攀升,已经超过17%。通过对近几年优秀的非富勒烯受体进行综述,了解近几年非富勒烯受体材料的研究进展,总结其不同设计策略及意义。     

太阳能光伏材料的研究进展

近年来,不同体系及不同结构的太阳能电池材料的研究都取得了很好的效果。简要概述了3代太阳能电池的发展,综述了有机和无机2大类光伏发电材料的发展情况,并对作为太阳能电池前沿材料(如:石墨烯)的发展趋势进行了展望。     

新型共轭聚合物光伏材料

在国家自然科学基金委、科技部、中科院和化学所的支持下，中科院化学所有机固体院重点实验室李永舫研究员领导的课题组，近期在应用于聚合物太阳能电池的新型共轭聚合物光伏材料的研究方面取得重要进展，有关研究成果申请了中国发明专利。     

聚合物太阳能电池及材料研究进展

太阳能的充分应用是解决目前人类所面临的能源短缺和环境污染的根本途径。聚合物太阳能电池作为第三代太阳能光伏技术已得到二十多年的研究,其太阳能转化效率已超过10%。回顾聚合物太阳能电池的发展历史和理论研究,太阳能电池的材料与结构对太阳能电池的效率影响很大,尤其是给体材料。从PPV类材料到PT类材料再到PCDTBT、TTBDT、BDTTPD等能级调节后的受体材料,每一次材料的升级,都能让聚合物太阳能电池的效率大幅提高。在聚合物太阳能电池的理论逐渐认识清楚,聚合物太阳能电池制作工艺不断成熟的情况下,研究新型给体材料对向聚合物太阳能电池实用化迈进尤为重要。     

聚合物太阳能电池及材料研究进展

太阳能的充分应用是解决目前人类所面临的能源短缺和环境污染的根本途径。聚合物太阳能电池作为第三代太阳能光伏技术已得到二十多年的研究,其太阳能转化效率已超过10%。回顾聚合物太阳能电池的发展历史和理论研究,太阳能电池的材料与结构对太阳能电池的效率影响很大,尤其是给体材料。从PPV类材料到PT类材料再到PCDTBT、TTBDT、BDTTPD等能级调节后的受体材料,每一次材料的升级,都能让聚合物太阳能电池的效率大幅提高。在聚合物太阳能电池的理论逐渐认识清楚,聚合物太阳能电池制作工艺不断成熟的情况下,研究新型给体材料对向聚合物太阳能电池实用化迈进尤为重要。     

供体—受体型聚合物太阳能电池材料研究进展

有机太阳能电池因其廉价、来源广、柔性、质轻等优势而备受关注,开发性能优异的聚合物给体材料是目前有机太阳能电池的研究热点。介绍了聚合物太阳能电池的基本结构,光电转换理论,综述了供体—受体型聚合物给体材料的研究进展,并对聚合物太阳能电池的发展方向进行了展望。     

基于聚3-己基噻吩的嵌段共聚物研究进展

随着全球对新能源、新材料研究领域的战略提升,聚3-己基噻吩(P3HT)作为导电共轭聚合物的相关研究已成为近年来的一个热点,并取得了突飞猛进的进展。P3HT均聚物受其激发子寿命短的影响,其光电转换效率有限,而嵌段共聚物可以实现微相分离,进而可以实现提高有机光伏材料的光电转换效率的目的。总结了近年研究者们合成的嵌段共聚物及其合成方法。     

Transient absorption spectroscopy of polymer-based thin-film solar cells

Polymer-based solar cells have made great progress during the past decade and consequently are now attracting extensive academic and commercial interest because of their potential advantages: lightweight, flexible, low cost, and high-throughput production. On the other hand, the recent progress in analytical tools has profoundly enhanced our understanding of the underlying mechanism of polymer-based solar cells, which can provide valuable guidelines for materials design and device engineering and therefore is essential for further improvement of the device performance. In particular, transient absorption spectroscopy is a powerful tool for directly observing ultrafast fundamental processes in polymer-based solar cells. In this article, we first give a brief overview of the basic mechanism of polymer-based solar cells, and the recent progress in the device performance based on the development of materials. We review the method of assigning charge carriers generated in polymer/fullerene solar cells, the dynamics of fundamental processes, and the efficiency of each photovoltaic conversion process.     

Stabilizing polymer‐based bulk heterojunction solar cells via crosslinking

The active layer of a polymer photovoltaic cell is mainly based on a blend of two components: a semiconducting polymer (electron donor) and a fullerene derivative (electron acceptor) to form the bulk heterojunction (BHJ). To offer optimum photovoltaic performances, the morphology of this layer has to be very carefully controlled at the nanoscale. The materials of the BHJ require specific phase segregation enabling the optimum photogenerated exciton diffusion and dissociation, and also to ensure pathways for charge carriers to electrodes. However, such a specific morphology is thermodynamically unstable over time and phase segregation occurs with thermal cycling under solar operating conditions inducing a decrease of solar cell efficiency. This review reports on the recent progress towards obtaining a stable optimized BHJ morphology and improved efficiency stability, using different chemical routes for crosslinking the organic semiconductors. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry     

共轭聚合物／C60复合体系及其在光伏打电池中的应用

共轭聚合物／C60复合体系在有机太阳能电池中的应用引起了化学工作者的广泛兴趣。本文介绍了共轭聚合物／C60复合体系的光诱导电子转移，以及近年来该体系在光伏打电池中的研究进展。     

Semiconductor nanostructure-based photovoltaic solar cells

Substantial efforts have been devoted to design, synthesize, and integrate various semiconductor nanostructures for photovoltaic (PV) solar cells. In this article, we will review the recent progress in this exciting area and cover the material chemistry and physics related to all-inorganic nanostructure solar cells, hybrid inorganic nanostructure-conductive polymer composite solar cells, and dye-sensitized solar cells.     

Donor-Acceptor Hybrids for Organic Electronics

This review deals with functional molecules able to transfer one electron from the donor to the acceptor moiety upon light irradiation. Donor-bridge-acceptor molecular systems are of interest for a wide variety of applications, namely artificial photosynthetic architectures and materials for organic photovoltaic devices. In the respective sections, we have addressed some of the most recent and remarkable examples to explain the construction of artificial photosynthetic systems by means of a variety of remarkable photo- and electro-active electron donor molecules covalently or supramolecularly connected to a fullerene unit as the electron acceptor unit. We have also systematically reviewed the most efficient fullerene derivatives used for photovoltaic applications by blending with different semiconducting organic polymers or small molecules, affording all-organic solar cells.     

钙钛矿太阳能电池研究进展

钙钛矿太阳能电池(PSCs)近几年迅速发展,截至目前,其能量转换效率已经超过23%,这可能使光伏产业发生革命性的变化。基于最新的研究进展,介绍了钙钛矿太阳能电池的结构和工作机理,简要综述了空穴传输材料(HTM)在钙钛矿太阳能电池中的应用。最后,指出了钙钛矿太阳能电池目前存在的一些问题及未来的研究方向。     

Supramolecular Approaches to Nanoscale Morphological Control in Organic Solar Cells

Having recently surpassed 10% efficiency, solar cells based on organic molecules are poised to become a viable low-cost clean energy source with the added advantages of mechanical flexibility and light weight. The best-performing organic solar cells rely on a nanostructured active layer morphology consisting of a complex organization of electron donating and electron accepting molecules. Although much progress has been made in designing new donor and acceptor molecules, rational control over active layer morphology remains a central challenge. Long-term device stability is another important consideration that needs to be addressed. This review highlights supramolecular strategies for generating highly stable nanostructured organic photovoltaic active materials by design.     

Photonic and optoelectronic devices based on mesoscopic thin films

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) are one of the most promising environmental friendly and low material costs photovoltaic devices. DSCs accomplish the separation of the optical absorption and charge separation processes by the association of a sensitizer as light absorbing material with a wide band gap semiconductor. The mesoscopic morphology of the semiconductor produces an interface with a huge area endowing these systems with intriguing optoelectronic properties. In recent years the DSC has made excellent progress. Conversion efficiencies over 12% and excellent stability have been reached rendering it a credible alternative to conventional p-n junction photovoltaic devices. Commercial exploitation of DSCs started in 2009. In addition to the DSC, Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces performs research in the field of photoelectrochemical water splitting and materials design for organic light emitting diodes.     

Recent Progress of Innovative Perovskite Hybrid Solar Cells

Recently, innovative perovskite hybrid solar cells have attracted great interest in solar cell research fields, such as dye-sensitized solar cells, organic photovoltaics, thin-film solar cells, and silicon solar cells, because their device efficiencies are gradually approaching those of crystalline Si solar cells, and they can be fabricated by cheap low-temperature solution processes. Here, we review the recent progress of innovative perovskite hybrid solar cells. The introduction includes the general concerns about solar cells and why we need innovative solar cells. The second part explains the structure and the material properties of hybrid perovskite materials. We focus on why the hybrid perovskite materials can exhibit excellent solar cell properties, such as high open-circuit voltage. The third part introduces recent progress in innovative perovskite hybrid solar cells, in terms of device architecture and deposition methods for dense perovskite thin films with full surface coverage. The device architecture is important in attaining high power conversion efficiency; the device operating mechanism is dependent on the device structure; and the pinhole-free dense perovskite thin films with full surface coverage are crucial for achieving high efficiency. Finally, we summarize the recent progress in perovskite hybrid solar cells, and the issues to be solved, in the summary and outlook section.