人工湿地净化大连地区污染河水的试验研究

为研究人工湿地对大连地区污染河水的净化效果,以大连复州河为例,实验构建了不同基质和不同植物的人工湿地.系统稳定运行两年时间,实验结果表明,作为人工湿地基质,砾石对SS、TP的去除效果强于碎石,碎石和砾石对COD、TN、NH3-N去除效果相差不大;作为人工湿地植物,芦苇对SS、TP的去除效果强于黄菖蒲,黄菖蒲对TN、NH3-N的去除效果强于芦苇,两者对COD去除效果相差不大;温度对人工湿地的COD、TN、NH3-N去除率影响较大,对TP去除率影响较小.     

北方某人工湿地净化能力分析

在对北方某人工湿地长期观测取得的大量详尽数据的基础上,分析了人工湿地系统总体净化能力和潜流人工湿地水质动态变化特征。结果表明:该人工湿地示范工程对水质净化效果较为明显,对各类污染物的去除率平均可达40%;潜流人工湿地可对污水进行深度处理,对BOD5、NH4-N的去除效果最好,去除率为80%～90%,对NO3-N、TN的去除效果较好,去除率为65%～75%,对CODMn和SS的去除效果一般,去除率为40%～60%,对TP的去除效果随着时间推移逐渐减弱,碎石吸附对TP去除起主要作用。     

季节变化对人工湿地净化城市湖泊水体的影响

以西安市兴庆湖为研究对象,研究了季节变化对人工湿地净化城市湖泊水体效果的影响.结果表明:人工湿地对污染物的去除效果受季节变化的影响较大,秋季湿地对CODCr的去除率比冬季高19.58％,对TN的去除率比冬季高33.79％,而对TP去除率的影响不明显,对NH3 -N的去除率比冬季低20.03％.     

水位调控人工湿地净化效果及微生物群落变化分析

基于北京市2处人工湿地净化工程,采取系统内间歇回流方式,探讨水位调控措施对含氮污染物净化效果及微生物群落变化影响。结果表明:水位调控措施有效地促进了对含氮污染物的去除,对TN、NH3-N的去除率分别提升19.23%～28.09%和29.23%～40.64%;与传统运行方式下去除效果达到显著差异性水平(P0.05)。水位调控湿地单元内微生物群落丰富度指数Chao1(3022.4522,3349.2942)高于传统湿地;变形菌Proteobacteria丰度高达63%～70%,为门水平优势种;属水平优势种较传统运行条件有明显差异,且群落结构更具一致性,本研究旨在分析水位调控措施对湿地系统脱氮性能强化程度,以及微生物群落结构的响应关系,为人工湿地效率提升以及应用推广提供技术支撑。     

人工湿地不同水流方式对生活污水净化的比较

通过小型复合流式人工湿地实验,监测了CODcr、TN、TP、NO3--N、NH4 -N等指标,旨在通过实验,找到处理污水的最佳水流方式.结果表明,垂直流和垂直流搭配对CODCr、TN、NH4 -N去除最好;而潜流和潜流搭配对NO3--N去除最好.人工湿地基质是影响磷的处理效果的主要因素,通过合理的操作方式可以最终从污水中除磷.在复合型人工湿地中延长水力停留时间能增加污染物的去除率.     

进水浓度对人工湿地净化城市湖泊水体影响研究

以西安市兴庆湖为研究对象,实验研究进水浓度对水平潜流人工湿地净化城市湖泊水体的影响。实验参照排入西安市兴庆湖的混合污水的水质,测定了进水浓度对化学需氧量、总氮、总磷、氨氮的去除效果。结果表明:随着水力停留时间的变化,进水浓度对CODcr、TP、NH3-N的去除影响不大,CODcr、TP、NH3-N的去除率分别为79.77%,81.61%,50.66%,有较好的去除效果。而进水浓度对TN的去除有明显影响,去除率仅为27.12%。     

人工湿地植物系统净化氮素污染物试验研究

利用人工湿地试验研究了水葫芦(Eichhorniacrassipes)、大藻(Pistiastratiotes)和水鳖(ydrocharisdubia(Bl.)Backer)等3种水生植物,以无植物单元为对照系统CK,比较它们对总氮TN、氨氮NH3-N和硝氮NO3-N的去除效果.结果表明:(1)水生植物能有效提高污染物去除率,平均去除效果明显优于CK,经计算植物系统平均TN、NH3-N、NO3-N去除率分别比CK提高了45.16％、98.51％及225.17％; (2)3种植物系统对污染物的去除效果均显著优于CK (P＜0.05),且高盖度的水葫芦和大漂去除效果最佳;(3)典型单元各处理IN、NH3-N和NO3-N的出水浓度呈逐级降低趋势,拟合分析得出TN出水浓度随沿程距离的增加而呈线性降低,但个别终端处理池出现浓度反弹现象,如何确定湿地单元的最佳经济长度具有重要意义.     

垂直流人工湿地系统在城市生活小区污水处理和回用中的应用

本文以深圳市万科东海岸垂直流人工湿地工程在城市生活小区污水处理回用中的应用为例，分析了垂直流人工湿地对污水中CODcr、BOD5、NH3-N、PO4-P的去除效果，并阐述了污染物的去除机理．结果表明采用垂直流人工湿地系统对城市生活小区污水处理回用，不仅出水水质好，而且美化了环境。     

人工湿地在玉林市苏烟水库富营养化水质改善效果研究

研究人工湿地处理系统对富营乔化水体的净化效果,为进一步开展人工湿地技术的研究、富营养化水体的生态修复提供科学的理论依据。通过分析人工湿地处理系统对富营养化水体中TN、TP、COD_(Mn)、BOD_5、NH_3-N、粪大肠菌群等指标的净化效果,可知人工湿地对富营养化水体中粪大肠菌群、NH_3-N、COD_(Mn)、TP和TN去除率分别为96.5%、73.4%、43.1%、37.5%、20.8%以上,其去除入库总氮量1 246 kg/a,去除总磷227 kg/a。     

复合流式与推流式人工湿地去除效果的比较

本文通过一个小型复合流式和一个推流式人工湿地的设计及实验,监测了CODMn、NH3-N、N03^-N、N02^N等指标,比较了两种湿地对有机物的去除效果。结果表明,复合式人工湿地对CODMn、N03^-N的去除效果比推流式的好;而对NH3^-N的去除效果没有推流式的好;在两种湿地中增加污染负荷和延长水力停留时间都能增加污染物的去除率。     

两种复合垂直流人工湿地污水处理对比研究

构建下行流-上行流、下行流-下行流两套复合人工湿地处理生活污水,考察不同运行方式下两套湿地系统污染物净化效果。结果表明,下行流-上行流复合系统适合在较低水力负荷[0.6m3/（m^2.d）]下运行,系统连续进水5天的出水效果很好,COD、TP、氨氮、TN的去除率分别为75%-95%、65%-85%、45%-80%、45%-80%。下行流-下行流复合系统耐水力负荷冲击能力强,适合在高水力负荷[1.2m3/（m^2.d）]下运行,COD、TP、氨氮、TN的去除率分别为70%-95%、40%-85%、50%-90%、50%-80%;其水流方式较下行流-上行流复合系统水流方式更利于复氧,有利于高水力负荷下COD、氨氮的降解。研究成果为实际中人工湿地处理生活污水的运行操作提供了依据和参考。     

中水湿地去氮效果研究

以山东省平阴中水湿地为研究对象,通过对湿地水体、底泥的氨态氮(NH3-N)、硝态氮(NO3--N)沿程变化的分析,研究湿地对中水中氮(N)的去除效果。结果表明:湿地对水体中NH3-N的去除效果较好,而作为水体中N主要存在形式的NO3--N沿水流方向却呈增加趋势,微生物硝化作用强烈。底泥中总氮(TN)沿水流方向也呈增加趋势,累计效应比较明显。研究结果为湿地设计的进一步改进提供理论支持。     

垂直流人工湿地中污染物昼夜及沿程变化规律

利用垂直潜流人工湿地单元模型探讨COD、TN和NH4+-N质量浓度在一昼夜之中随时间及深度的变化规律。结果表明:垂直潜流人工湿地中污染物去除率的变化呈一定的周期性,昼夜差距较大。COD、NH4+-N和TN的去除率在15:00达到最大,夜间最小。COD和NH4+-N质量浓度在表层(距湿地底部60～90cm段)迅速降低,底部变化幅度较小。TN浓度沿程的降低趋势很明显。湿地中COD、NH4+-N和TN质量浓度的变化趋势与DO显著相关,DO质量浓度越高,越有利于有机物和氮的去除。     

Performance of constructed wetland treating wastewater from seafood industry.

Wastewater from seafood industry contains high concentrations of organic matter, nitrogen compounds, and solid matter. Constructed wetland can be used as tertiary treatment and for nutrient recycling. This research studied the performance of nitrogen and suspended solids removal efficiency of a constructed wetland treating wastewater from a seafood-processing factory located at Songkhla, southern Thailand. The existing constructed wetland has dimensions of 85 m, 352 m and 1.5 m in width, length and depth respectively, with an area of about 29,920 m2. The water depth of 0.30 m is maintained in operation with plantation of cattails (Typha augustifolia). Flow rate of influent ranged between 500-4,660 m3/d. Average hydraulic retention time in the constructed wetland was about 4.8 days. Influent and effluent from the constructed wetland were collected once a week and analyzed for pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), Suspended solid (SS), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), organic nitrogen (Org-N), nitrate (NO3-N), and nitrite (NO2-N). The average removal efficiencies of BOD5, SS, TKN, NH3-N, and Org-N were 84%, 94%, 49%, 52% and 82%, respectively. It was found that the constructed wetland acting as a tertiary treatment process provided additional removal of BOD5, SS and TKN from wastewater from the seafood industry.     

厌氧—接触氧化渠—垂直潜流型人工湿地处理农村生活污水研究

选择厌氧—接触氧化渠—垂直潜流型人工湿地工艺处理农村生活污水,分析比较了各工艺段DO水平,接触氧化渠充氧效果明显.通过对COD、NH3—N和TP浓度及去除率的研究发现,厌氧池去除率较稳定,对各污染物去除率最高可达72％、49.54％和66.36％,接触氧化渠和人工湿地对各污染物也有较高去除率,但并不稳定.系统运行稳定后,出水水质整体可达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918-2002)二级标准,部分时段可达一级B标准.     

Effects of effluent recirculation in vertical-flow constructed wetland on treatment efficiency of livestock wastewater.

Enhancing the treatment efficiency of livestock wastewater by effluent recirculation is investigated in a pilot-scale vertical-flow constructed wetland. The wetland system is composed of downflow and upflow stages, on which narrow-leaf Phragmites communis and common reed Phragmites typhia are planted, respectively; each stage has a dimension of 4 m(2) (2 m x 2 m). Wastewater from the facultative pond is fed into the system intermittently at a flow rate of 0.4 m(3)/d. Recirculation rates of 0, 25%, 50%0, 100% and 150% are adopted to evaluate the effect of the recirculation rate on pollutants removal. This shows that with effluent recirculation the average removal efficiencies of NH4-N, BOD5 and SS obviously increase to 61.7%, 81.3%, and 77.1%, respectively, in comparison with the values of 35.6%o, 50.2%, and 49.3% without effluent recirculation. But the improvement of TP removal is slight, only from 42.3% to 48.9%. The variations of NH4-N, DO and oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) of inflow and outflow reveal that the adoption of effluent recirculation is beneficial to the formation of oxide environment in wetland. The exponential relationships with excellent correlation coefficients (R(2) > 0.93) are found between the removal rates of NH4-N and BOD5 and the recirculation rates. With recirculation the pH value of the outflow decreases as the alkalinity is consumed by the gradually enhanced nitrification process. When recirculation rate is kept constant at 100%, the ambient temperature appears to affect NH4-N removal, but does not have significant influence on BOD5 removal.     

深圳市布吉污水处理厂构建人工湿地试验研究

为了最大程度地改善深圳市布吉河水质状况,在先期进行布吉污水处理厂中试试验的基础上,建设了小型人工湿地,深度处理污水处理厂二级出水,探讨污水处理厂二级出水在人工湿地基础上的改善程度,为该市布吉污水处理厂建设完成后是否规划建设景观湿地提供参考依据。结果表明:人工湿地对二级出水的COD、NH3-N、TN、TP等重要控制指标均有比较明显的深度处理作用;夏季的运行效果总体上比秋、冬季处理效果好,季节变化对TN去除率的影响最为明显,但对出水COD、NH3-N、TP指标影响相对较小。     

Quantification of biofilms in a sub-surface flow wetland and their role in nutrient removal.

Subsurface flow wetlands contain gravel or sand substrates through which the wastewater flows vertically or horizontally. The aims of this study were, firstly, to quantify biofilm development associated with different size gravel in sections of a subsurface flow wetland with and without plants, and secondly, to conduct laboratory experiments to examine the role of biofilms in nutrient removal. Techniques to quantify biofilm included: bacterial cell counts, EPS and total protein extraction. Based on comparative gravel sample volume, only EPS was greater on the smaller 5 mm gravel particles. There was no significant difference between biofilm growth in sections with and without plants. Two vertical flow laboratory-scale reactors, one containing fresh wetland gravel, the other containing autoclaved gravel, were constructed to determine nutrient transformations. The autoclaved gravel in the "sterile" reactor rapidly became colonised with biofilm. Both reactors were dosed with two types of influent. Initially the influent contained 7.25 mg/L NO3-N and 0.3 mg/L NH4-N; the biofilm reactor removed most of the ammonium and nitrite but nitrate concentrations were only reduced by 20%. In the "sterile" reactor there was negligible removal of ammonium and nitrite indicating little nitrification, however nitrate was reduced by 72%, possibly due to assimilatory nitrate reduction associated with new biofilm development. When the influent contained 3 mg/L NO3-N and 16 mg/L NH4-N almost 100% removal and transformation of NH4-N occurred in both reactors providing an effluent high in NO3-N. Organic P was reduced but inorganic soluble P increased possibly due to mineralisation.     

用氧化塘—浮石床湿地系统处理暖寒季低污染河水

在滇池流域构建氧化塘-浮石床湿地复合系统对暖季与寒季的城市低污染河水开展了净化效能研究。结果表明:该系统可通过小幅调节流量来有效净化暖季与寒季低污染河水。塘与湿地的水力负荷分别为0.22、0.37m3/(m2.d)时系统对暖季低污染河水具有较高的处理效率,各污染物的平均去除率分别为CODCr75%、TP 93%、TN 64%、NH4+-N 87%。塘与湿地的水力负荷分别为0.17、0.29 m3/(m2.d)时系统对寒季低污染河水具有较优的处理效果:各污染物的平均去除率分别为CODCr72%、TP 89%、TN 53%、NH4+-N 73%。系统出水均符合GB18918-2002的一级A排放标准。系统在暖季对低污染河水中污染物的去除速率明显高于寒季。