Ad Hoc网络中AOMDV的路由修复策略

针对AOMDV协议备用路径利用率低、路由发现频率高等问题,提出一种基于建立旁路的路径修复策略BB-AOMDV。通过RREQ与RREP 分组获得各节点到目的节点的第2跳信息,路径失效时,断点处的上游节点根据此信息与断点下游节点搭建旁路路径,数据可绕过断点通过旁路进行正常传输。仿真结果表明,该策略能在提高分组投递率的同时降低归一化路由开销与路由发现频率。     

基于链路生存时间的AOMDV协议的研究

针对AOMDV路由协议中,以跳数作为路径选择标准不能提供足够稳定的链路,使得路由的整体开销较大的问题,提出基于链路生存时间的AOMDV协议(LET-AOMDV)。该协议中每个节点通过GPS获取移动的速度和方向,计算链路持续时间,同时根据牛顿插值公式估算出节点剩余能量所能使用的时间,选择路由有效时间最长的路径,从而提高链路的稳定性。NS2仿真结果表明,与AOMDV协议及MP-AOMDV协议相比,采用LET-AOMDV协议能够减少路由请求次数,降低路由开销,减少时延,同时增加网络的吞吐率。     

车联网VANETs中一种分发紧急消息的广播方案

车载网VANETs中的车间通信V2V能够实现车间紧急消息的传递。然而,传统的广播算法采用RTB和CTB握手机制,同时在传递消息后,还需确认ACK环节,降低了紧急消息传递速度、增加了传输时延。为此,提出了一种广播紧急消息的新型算法。该算法利用数据包的信噪比SNR和节点位置坐标信息计算最大竞争窗口,再在最大竞争窗口内随机选择一个时隙用于转发紧急消息,避免了RTB/CTB握手机制。当源节点收到重播的紧急消息,表明紧急消息已成功传到下一节点,将其作为抑制源节点再广播紧急消息指标,避免了ACK确认环节,从而提高了紧急消息的传播效率和速度,降低了传输时延。     

一种改进的链路独立的MANET网络路由协议

MANET网络具有高速移动以及频繁的链路失败等特点,这将导致吞吐率降低以及很高的端到端时延.为减少由于此类原因的路由发现次数以及开销,我们使用多径路由来提供备选路径.论文提出一种基于AOMDV的改进链路独立多径路由协议.通过仿真表明改进后的LD-AOMDV在节点移动速度较高时数据包投递率、端到端平均时延、归一化路由开销等方面都明显优于AOMDV.     

无人机自组网中基于节点差异的AOMDV协议

AOMDV协议采用路由跳数为选择标准,在用于无人机自组网时存在链路不稳定和路由修复效率低的问题。为此,提出基于节点差异的路由协议ND-AOMDV。通过GPS获得无人机的方向和速度,以速度为向量构建无人机组模型。在此基础上,通过比较无人机速度向量的变化,选择节点差异最小的路径作为路由路径,并在路由修复时从断裂处寻找上下游节点能量最高的共同邻居节点重建链路。仿真结果表明,ND-AOMDV可有效增强路由稳定性和网络性能,与AOMDV和PE-AOMDV协议相比,其剩余能量分别提高42.7%、35.1%,平均端到端时延分别降低90.3%、89.5%,路由恢复频率分别降低79.1%、79.7%,路由开销分别降低50.3%、26.9%。     

AODV协议路由维护改进方案

在AODV路由协议的路由维护阶段,当节点检测到链路中断时,会采取一种链路修复机制,然而该机制的实施难以避免数据包的丢失和传输时延的增加,针对这个问题本文提出一种对AODV协议的改进方案。该方案通过计算节点间的链路生存期,在AODV协议的路由发现阶段引入优先节点机制,在路由维护阶段引入链路中断避免机制。仿真实验结果表明,改进的AODV路由协议减少了RREQ消息的数量,降低了丢包率,并且缩短了传输时延,特别适用于节点密度较大的车载网络。     

能量感知的无线传感器网络多路径路由研究

针对现有多路径路由协议AOMDV的不足,提出了适用于无线传感器网络的能量感知多路径路由协议IMEA.IMEA在建立链路不相关的多路径时能优先建立节点不相关的多路径,在主路径失效时能优先选择与主路径共用节点最少的作为次优路径,而能量感知的路径选择策略能均衡网络中节点的能量消耗,实现数据传输路径的低能耗.对IMEA进行了仿真实验,结果表明IMEA有效延长了网络的生存时间.     

基于路径收集的Ad-hoc网络路由协议的研究

针对Ad-hoc网络中由于节点移动导致的链路断裂和RREQ(Route Request)分组泛洪的问题,提出了基于路径收集的路由协议.采用路径收集机制和链路不相交的多路径算法,提高节点获取路由的能力,增加节点的平均有效路由数量,提高RREQ分组被应答的可能性,从而限制RREQ的广播范围和转发次数;依据路径维持时间的概率密度呈指数分布的特点,设计优先使用最新路径、兼顾路径长度的路由选择策略,以在概率上延长通信路径的维持时间.NS2的仿真结果表明,与AODV、AOMDV以及AODV_PA协议相比,提出的协议提高了分组投递率,并显著地减少了路由开销和通信时延.     

基于能量均衡的AOMDV路由协议的改进

针对AOMDV路由协议在传输数据时只使用一条主路径,没有充分利用起一次路由发现所获取的多条路径,并且也没有考虑网络能量均衡的问题,提出了一种能量均衡的AOMDV路由协议。该协议将多路由协议与能量均衡理论相结合,采用最小电池消耗路由和最小最大电池消耗路由的策略,从而避免了大部分节点的过早死亡,而导致整个无线网络的瘫痪。仿真实验结果表明,经过改进的AOMDV路由算法不仅降低了网络延时,而且还延长了网络的整体寿命。     

一种具有负载感知的WMN多路径路由协议

为了使得WMN获得更好的负载均衡以防止网络拥塞,提出了一种适用于WMN的多路径路由协议.首先定义了一种综合考虑链路质量和节点负载的负载感知路由判据和可用带宽的计算方法,然后对路由更新机制进行了优化,并在路由请求阶段进行带宽预留,最后根据每条路径所分配的权值概率进行数据转发,进行节点间的负载均衡.仿真结果表明,与HWMP和AOMDV相比,改进后的路由协议有效避免了网络拥塞,增加了网络吞吐量,降低了平均端到端的延迟,提高了网络性能     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.