低嘌呤糖尿病饮食对痛风合并2型糖尿病的效果评价

目的:研究低嘌呤糖尿病饮食对痛风合并2型糖尿病的患者疗效影响。方法:选取2011年8月—2013年12月痛风合并2型糖尿病患者84例,将其按双盲随机分为2组:观察组42例、对照组42例。2组患者均给予对症治疗并同时采用糖尿病饮食,对照组患者不限制饮食中嘌呤摄入量;观察组患者每日饮食中,将嘌呤摄入量控制在低于150mg范围内,将2组患者治疗8d后的效果进行对比。结果:观察组患者治疗后的血尿酸检测值明显低于对照组(P0.05),具有统计学意义;2组患者治疗后空腹血糖、餐后2h血糖等检测值均明显优于治疗前(P0.05),具有统计学意义,2组之间相比较,无明显差异(P0.05),无统计学意义。结论:将低嘌呤糖尿病饮食应用于痛风合并2型糖尿病患者治疗中,能够有效缓解患者临床症状,对降低患者血糖水平值及血尿酸浓度均具有重要作用。     

Ⅱ型糖尿病临床治疗药物的种类与应用现状

简略综述目前在临床上用于治疗Ⅱ型糖尿病的主要药剂与应用的情况,提出中草药治疗糖尿病的发展前景。     

ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸对2型糖尿病患者 糖脂代谢的影响

2型糖尿病已成为当前威胁全球人类健康最重要的慢性非传染性疾病之一。2型糖尿病患者常伴有不同程度的脂代谢紊乱,血脂异常可导致糖尿病多种并发症的发生,最终威胁糖尿病患者的生命。近年来,ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸对心血管疾病的保护效应成为医学及营养学界关注的热点,然而在研究不同来源ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸,特别是植物性来源ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸对2型糖尿病患者糖脂代谢的影响方面则要落后和迟缓一些。为此,本文综述了不同来源ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸与2型糖尿病发病风险及其对2型糖尿病患者糖脂代谢的影响,以期为推动2型糖尿病营养治疗提供参考。     

枸杞多糖、茶叶多糖混合物对Ⅱ型糖尿病大鼠降血糖作用及对糖尿病并发症相关指标的影响

本文研究枸杞多糖（LBP）和茶叶多糖（TPS）混合物对Ⅱ型糖尿病模型动物的降血糖作用及对糖尿病并发症相关指标的影响。其方法：用高能量饲料结合低剂量链脲佐菌素给予动物，建立Ⅱ型糖尿病动物模型，然后灌胃给予模型动物LBP和TBP混合物，观察其对血糖和糖尿病并发症相关的指标的影响。结果：LBP和TPS混合物具有增加Ⅱ型糖尿病模型动物胰岛素敏感性，增加肝糖原储备，降低血糖水平的作用。LBP和TPS混合物具有增加Ⅱ型糖尿病模型动物胰岛素敏感性，增加肝糖原储备，降低血糖水平的作用。LBP和TPS混合物还可抑制肾脏醛糖还原酶（AR）活性，降低血清糖基化终产物－肽（AGE－P）水平，提高血清过氧化物酶歧化酶（SOD）水平，从而在预防糖尿病并发症发生中起重要作用，在降血糖，预防和治疗糖尿病并发症的保健食品或药品的开发中具有广阔应用前景。     

益生菌复配富铬酵母缓解2型糖尿病的效果评价

随着物质生活的不断提升,2型糖尿病患者数量在逐年上升,如何有效预防和治疗糖尿病已成为整个社会关注的焦点问题。本文将具有缓解2型糖尿病功能的鼠李糖乳杆菌CCFM0528、植物乳杆菌X1与富铬酵母进行复配,探究复配配方是否具有协同降糖作用。实验动物被随机分为5组,分别为空白组、模型组、药物组、乳酸菌组、复合组。通过喂食高脂饲料和腹腔注射链脲佐菌素STZ来诱导2型糖尿病模型。试验结果表明:造模组体重明显降低,血糖达到造模标准,建模成功。乳酸菌组和复合组血糖明显降低,其中复合组降糖效果更加明显,血脂水平和炎症水平都得到缓解,说明复合组对缓解2型糖尿病具有协同增效作用。此结果为开发安全有效的具有缓解2型糖尿病的益生菌复配产品提供了理论参考。     

益生菌复配富铬酵母缓解2型糖尿病的作用机制涉及调节肠道菌群失调

本研究通过高脂饲料和腹腔注射链脲佐菌素STZ诱导2型糖尿病小鼠模型,实验小鼠随机分为5组:空白组、模型组、药物组、乳酸菌组、复合组。实验结果发现肠道菌群失调与2型糖尿病的发生发展存在着密不可分的关联。模型组小鼠短链脂肪酸含量和物种丰富度显著下降,部分有益菌丰度降低,而致病菌丰度显著提升。此外,药物组、乳酸菌组和复合组均在一定程度上改善了糖尿病小鼠的肠道菌群结构和功能。其中与乳酸菌组相比,复合组的保护效果更显著,更显著增加Lactobacillus的丰度,降低Coprococcus和Rikenellaceae-g_的丰度,同时短链脂肪酸含量被显著增加。综上,复合组对2型糖尿病小鼠肠道菌群失调具有最显著的改善作用。本研究将为益生菌复配剂应用于2型糖尿病的干预治疗提供重要参考依据。     

水苏糖对Ⅱ型糖尿病及其部分并发症缓解作用的研究进展

Ⅱ型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus, T2DM)是一种患者数量逐年增加的流行性慢性代谢疾病，因其代谢功能受损等因素而普遍会引起多种并发症，严重威胁人类身体健康。水苏糖作为传统中药地黄中含量最高的寡糖，现代研究已表明，它也具有降血糖的功能。而且水苏糖还能通过增殖肠道益生菌等方式对人体产生多种积极效应，可以改善T2DM的并发症，有成为新型天然降糖药的潜力。该文阐述了水苏糖与T2DM的研究进展及潜在的作用机制，以期为治疗T2DM的水苏糖产品研发及相关治疗等提供理论参考。     

原花青素防治Ⅱ型糖尿病的研究进展

糖尿病是一种常见的慢性代谢性疾病,已成为继恶性肿瘤和心脑血管疾病之后的第三大疾病,其中Ⅱ型糖尿病发病最为普遍,其发病机制目前尚不明确。原花青素是一种来源广泛、安全度高、生物活性优良的天然植物化学物,具有良好的抗糖尿病作用。本文系统综述了原花青素对Ⅱ型糖尿病防治作用的研究进展及潜在的作用机制。     

食源性生物活性肽对2型糖尿病的干预作用及其机制研究进展

2型糖尿病属于非胰岛素依赖性糖尿病,全世界每年有数百万人患2型糖尿病或成为潜在患者。食源性活性肽不仅具有基本的营养优势,而且更易被机体吸收,有研究证实生物活性肽可以抑制与2型糖尿病相关的代谢酶活力,促进肠促胰岛素分泌,改善胰岛素抵抗,因此可以作为有效管理该疾病的功能性食品或药物。本文综述了食源性生物活性肽的特性和来源,以及目前其关于调节血糖作用机制的研究进展,归纳了食源性代谢酶调节剂的相关研究,以期为食源性生物活性肽的进一步研究提供参考。     

天然资源功能因子降血糖研究进展

糖尿病是一种代谢紊乱疾病,目前还不能彻底治愈,只能通过控制饮食、辅以药物来进行控制。由于糖尿病药物具有一定的副作用,很多研究人员对天然产物中功能因子预防或治疗糖尿病进行了研究。本文综述了近年来有关食品中使用的天然产物功能因子预防或治疗糖尿病的研究,阐述了其作用机理以及提取方法。     

Management of diabetic complications through fruit flavonoids as a natural remedy

Diabetes mellitus is a global disorder, and a major issue for health care systems. The current review outlooks the use of fruit flavonoids as natural remedy in the prevention of diabetes mellitus. The onset of diabetes mainly depends upon genetics and lifestyle issues. Currently used therapeutic options for the control of diabetes, like dietary amendments, oral hypoglycemic drugs, and insulin, have their own limitations. Fruit flavonoids possess various antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant potentials and act on various cellular signaling pathways in pancreas, white adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and liver function, which in result induces antidiabetic effects. Recently, antidiabetic effect of fruit flavonoids has been studied using various animal models and clinical trials. Research studies revealed a statistically significant potential of fruit flavonoids in managing the altered glucose and oxidative metabolisms in diabetes. Unlike synthetic antidiabetic agents, fruit flavonoids manage diabetes without compromising cellular homeostasis thereby posing no side effects. Further studies are required in purification and characterization of different fruit flavonoids with respect to their beneficial effect for diabetic patients.     

脂质组学在糖尿病及其并发症早期诊断和治疗中的作用

糖尿病早期无任何症状,或仅伴有轻度乏力、不适、口渴等不明显症状,但糖尿病的诊断标准仅血糖一项,较为单一,并且早期病变期的患者血糖指数变化并不明显,往往在发生严重并发症时才察觉。脂质组学的发展,能够通过对糖尿病患者和健康人群的血浆脂质组分的检测、比较,建立更为全面、准确的糖尿病病前诊断和病后治疗效果的评价标准。综述了脂质组学在糖尿病及其并发症诊断和治疗中的作用,总结了糖尿病诊断过程中的主要脂质标志物,探究了膳食结构和药物对糖尿病患者血浆中脂质标志物种类和数量变化的影响。     

降血糖功能性食品的研究现状

糖尿病及其并发症是引起人类死亡的主要疾病,通过注射胰岛素和口服药物可以控制糖尿病患者的血糖水平,但对人体均有一定的副作用。近年来通过消费天然降血糖产品来部分替代糖尿病药物的趋势不断增强。鹰嘴豆富含抗性淀粉、膳食纤维、维生素、矿物质和植物雌激素,可能在糖尿病及其并发症的控制方面起到积极的作用。     

枸杞多糖防治2型糖尿病的机制研究进展

本文总结了枸杞多糖对2型糖尿病的作用,研究表明枸杞多糖能够有效地降低血糖、血脂,促进胰岛素分泌,改善胰岛素抵抗,增加胰岛素敏感性,改善超氧化物歧化酶、丙二醛、一氧化氮等氧化应激指标,其作用机制可能与改善糖尿病靶器官胰岛功能有关,比如上调胰岛素受体底物-1、调节糖代谢相关的基因,并且对糖尿病并发症有一定的防治作用。     

Does garlic have a role as an antidiabetic agent?

Diabetes affects a large segment of the population worldwide, and the prevalence of this disease is rapidly increasing. Despite the availability of medication for diabetes, traditional remedies are desirable and are currently being investigated. Garlic (Allium sativum), which is a common cooking spice and has a long history as a folk remedy, has been reported to have antidiabetic activity. However, there is no general agreement on the use of garlic for antidiabetic purposes, primarily because of a lack of scientific evidence from human studies and inconsistent data from animal studies. The validity of data from previous studies of the hypoglycemic effect of garlic in diabetic animals and the preventive effects of garlic on diabetes complications are discussed in this review. The role of garlic as both an insulin secretagogue and as an insulin sensitizer is reviewed. Evidence suggests that garlic's antioxidative, antiinflammatory, and antiglycative properties are responsible for garlic's role in preventing diabetes progression and the development of diabetes-related complications. Large-scale clinical studies with diabetic patients are warranted to confirm the usefulness of garlic in the treatment and prevention of diabetes.     

Composite coatings based on konjac glucomannan and sodium alginate modified with allicin and in situ SiOx for ginger rhizomes preservation

Ginger is a condiment vegetable and widely cultivated in many countries for its important role as spice and medicinal herb in international trade. However, the quality of fresh ginger will reduce after harvest and during storage. In the present study, edible coatings were developed based on konjac glucomannan (KGM) and sodium alginate (SA), incorporating with allicin and in situ SiOx. The coatings were characterized, and the effects of the coatings on the quality of ginger were evaluated. The results demonstrate that the addition of allicin improve the compatibility of KGM and SA in film, and the addition of allicin and in situ SiOx promote more hydrogen bond formation in the film. The physicochemical properties of KGM/SA film are improved due to modification, and allicin coating is optimal for mechanical properties, while allicin‐SiOx film is optimal both for mechanical properties and gas barrier. The KGM/SA coatings especially KGM/SA‐allicin‐SiOx significantly inhibited the total phenol, flavonoid, total soluble sugars content, enzyme activities such as peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and cellulase of gingers during storage. In addition, KGM/SA coatings effectively preserved the ascorbic acid (AsA), and titratable acidity (TA). Over all, KGA/SA coatings, especially with allicin and in situ SiOx, exhibited more significant and positive effects on quality of gingers during storage. Therefore, the KGM/SA coatings are promising in gingers preservation.     

An emerging trend in functional foods for the prevention of cardiovascular disease and diabetes: Marine algal polyphenols

Marine macroalgae are gaining recognition among the scientific community as a significant source of functional food ingredients. Due to the harsh environments in which macroalgae survive, they produce unique bioactive compounds that are not found in terrestrial plants. Polyphenols are the predominant bioactive compound in brown algae and are accountable for the majority of its biological activity. Phlorotannins are a type of polyphenol that are unique to marine sources and have exhibited protective effects against hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, inflammation and oxidative stress, known risk factors for cardiovascular disease and diabetic complications, in cell culture, animal studies and some human studies. This review updates the information on marine polyphenols, with a particular focus on phlorotannins and their potential health benefits in relation to the prevention and treatment of risk factors for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.     

Medicinal plant species with potential antidiabetic properties

Diabetes mellitus is one of the world's major diseases. It currently affects an estimated 143 million people worldwide and the number is growing rapidly. In the USA alone, about 20.8 million or 7% of the population suffer from diabetes or related complications. The estimated direct and indirect costs of diabetes exceed US$ 132 billion annually. Plant‐based medicinal products have been known since ancient times, and several medicinal plants and their products (active natural principles and crude extracts) have been used to control diabetes in the traditional medicinal systems of many cultures worldwide, including those of the Asian Indians, Chinese and South Americans. A limited number of these plant species have been studied and validated for their hypoglycaemic properties using diabetic animal models and in clinical studies using human subjects. Several oral hypoglycaemic agents are the primary forms of treatment for diabetes. However, prominent side‐effects of such drugs are the main reason for an increasing number of people seeking alternative therapies that may have less severe or no side‐effects. Thus plant‐based herbal drugs or botanicals are emerging as the primary components of holistic approaches to diabetes management. In this review, selected species that have been validated for their hypoglycaemic or antihyperglycaemic properties using laboratory diabetic animal models and in clinical trials using human subjects, and reported in refereed journals are presented. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry     

鱼油补充对中老年人群炎性衰老及相关疾病有益作用的研究进展

鱼油富含n-3多不饱和脂肪酸（n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, n-3 PUFA）,特别是人体必需脂肪酸二十二碳六烯酸（docosahexaenoic acid, DHA）和二十碳五烯酸（eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA）。DHA和EPA在体内可以衍生出具有抗炎作用的二十碳体,如前列腺素（prostaglandins, PGs）、血栓素（thromboxanes, TX）、消退素（resolvins, Rv）、白三烯（leukotrienes, LTs）和其他氧化衍生物等。且鱼油补充有助于人体炎性衰老相关因子（血清 IL-6、IL-1、TNF-α及 CRP）水平的降低,并对炎性衰老相关疾病具有积极预防效果。本文系统介绍了DHA、EPA二十碳体的衍生及与二十碳四烯酸（arachidonic acid, AA）衍生的关系。同时基于鱼油补充与人体炎性衰老相关因子的关系,总结了膳食鱼油在改善中老年人群心血管疾病、类风湿关节炎、认知障碍及2型糖尿病的作用。已有数据显示,鱼油在降低炎性衰老因子,血脂异常改善和类风湿性关节炎症状减轻方面具有积极的临床效果。但是,在认知功能障碍和2型糖尿病改善方面,尚缺乏充分的治疗或者预防作用相关证据。